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Module1SocialcommunicationUnit1Helpingthoseinneed(1)Wordsraisev.籌募,增高,增加permissionn.準(zhǔn)許,不可數(shù)名詞askpermission報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)disabledadj.喪失能力的ableadj.有能力的beableto=canofferv.主動(dòng)提出offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事,seriousadj.嚴(yán)重的–lyadv.organizev.組織organizationn.lonelyadj.孤獨(dú)的alonedifficultyn.困難difficultadj.困難的hurtv.傷害hurtoneself傷了自己(hurt,hurt)payv.付費(fèi)payfor與takecostspend的區(qū)別(2)Phrasesinneed需要幫助的voluntarywork義務(wù)工作askpermission報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)sufferfrom因…受苦raiseone’sspirits使振奮=cheerupinorderto目的在于sothat為的是與so…that的區(qū)別makefriendswith…與…交朋友lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顧becauseof因?yàn)榕cbecause的區(qū)別talkto/with/about談?wù)搕eachsb.todosth.交某人做某事offertodosth主動(dòng)提出做某事takephotosof照相helpsb.do/withsth.幫助某人做某事continuetodosth.繼續(xù)做某事needtodosth.需要做某事ingoodhealth身體健康beafraidof+n./pron/doing害怕…enjoyoneself/doing玩的愉快/喜歡做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事(3)Sentences1ImetagirlcalledCindy.我遇見一個(gè)叫森迪的女孩。過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)called=named2Wetaughtthemtotellstories.我們教他們講故事。telltalkspeaksay的區(qū)別tell“告訴,講述”,把某事/信息傳達(dá)給別人tellstoriestellalietalk“交談,講話”,talkto/withsb.talkaboutsth.speak“說,發(fā)言”,+語(yǔ)言say“說”,強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容。3WespenttimewithagirlcalledVivien.我們和一個(gè)叫薇薇安的女孩共度時(shí)光。spend“花費(fèi)”主語(yǔ)(人)+spend(s)+money/time+(in)doingsth./on+n.4Itaughtthemtosingbecausemusiccanbringthenjoyandpeace.我教他們唱歌是因?yàn)橐魳房梢越o他們帶來快樂和寧?kù)o。teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事bringtakegetcarry的區(qū)別bring“帶來”+雙賓語(yǔ)-》來Remembertobringmethepictures.take“帶到,去”去-》Iwon’ttakeyouhere.get去某處將某人/物帶到說話人處Pleasegetsomepaperforme.carry強(qiáng)調(diào)負(fù)重或搬運(yùn)Hecarriedababyonhisback.5Oneofthemhaddifficultywalking.其中有一位病人行走困難。Oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/代詞復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“最…之一”6Heusedtolovesportuntilhehurthislegsinanaccident.他過去熱愛運(yùn)動(dòng),直到他在一起事故中雙腿受傷。until“直到…才”auntil與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。e.g.Wewalkeduntilitgotdark.buntil與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),動(dòng)詞用否定形式。e.g.Thelittlegirldidn’tstopcryinguntilshesawhermother.(4)Grammar動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu):to+動(dòng)詞原形(有時(shí)to可省略)用法:1作賓語(yǔ)(作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),不作介詞賓語(yǔ))Remembertoposttheletter.2作賓補(bǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)后,表示賓語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。ask,tell,like,love,hate,wouldlike,teach,want,etc.e.g.Thedoctorwantedhimtohaveagoodrest.3作目的狀語(yǔ)常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開,在末尾時(shí),則不用。e.g.Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.(5)Practicemillionsof…數(shù)百萬(wàn)的beunableto…不能beableto…能=cansincethen從那時(shí)以來closeto…靠近inorderto…為了inhospital生病住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院(6)Exercise用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1Iplan____________(go)toCanadathissummer.2Didtheyenjoy__________(them)inthepark?3Hedecided_________(live)inanothercity.4Ittookustwohours_________(get)toBeijingbytrain.5Arestaurantneedslotsofwaterfor_________(wash)thedishes.6Whatdoweuse___________(clean)toilets?7Myfatheristootired.Heneeds__________(rest).8Thankyoufor___________(look)aftermysister.9Don’tforget___________(close)thewindowwhenyouleave.10Itisverybad___________(pollute)thegroundwater.11Theyofferedto__________(help)thoseinneed.12Heis___________(disabled)toswimintheriver.13Jackwas__________(serious)hurtintheaccident.14Tomdidn’tcometoschooltodaybecausehewas___________(illness).15Ilike_____________(organize)parties.Itisveryinteresting.16Shefellontothegroundandfeltvery__________(pain).17Lastnight,myparentswentout.SoIwatchedTV___________(lonely).18MissWhitehasnofriends,sosheoftenfeels___________(lonely).19Thenewneighbourisvery____________(friendship).20Thisbookisvery_____________(difficulty)forme.Unit1Helpingthoseinneed一.重點(diǎn)詞匯詳解:★1.Helpingthoseinneed.inneed:意為“有困難的”常位于名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)inneedof…需要什么例:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情!Thebuildingsisinneedofpainting.這座建筑需要粉涮?!?.Couldyougivemeahand?Hereyouare!givesbahand:=幫助某人★3.toaskpermissiontoraisemoney(1)permissionn.=agreement準(zhǔn)許;批準(zhǔn)askpermission(todosth)報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)permitv.---過去式:---過去分詞:permitsb.todosth.=.允許某人做某事(2)raisev.籌集;提升;增加=moveithigher第三人稱單數(shù):過去式:過去分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞:搭配:raiseone’svoice提高嗓門;raiseafamily養(yǎng)家糊口;raisemoney籌款;raiseprice提高價(jià)格;raiseone’sspirits打起精神raise=keep有“飼養(yǎng),撫養(yǎng)”的意思,如:raisechildren(撫養(yǎng)孩子)▲辨析:raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。raise是及物動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)通常是人;而rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)通常是物。例如:Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太陽(yáng)升起,普照大地。Ifyouwanttoaskquestion,pleaseraiseyourhand.如果你想問問題,請(qǐng)舉手!★4.Threeteenagersofferedtodosomevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.(1)teenagers:n青少年在口語(yǔ)中常用teen來表示“青少年”(2)offer:v.=bewillingtodosomething主動(dòng)提出offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出Peterofferedtoteachthemwater-skiing.彼得主動(dòng)提出教他們滑水?!嫖觯簆rovide,offer,give的區(qū)別:1).provide僅僅是出于某種責(zé)任,強(qiáng)調(diào)提供必須用的東西,尤其是生活用品。常用于providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.的固定搭配中。2).offer表示主動(dòng)提供服務(wù)、工作等。常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。例如:offersb.主動(dòng)提出幫助某人;offersb.agoodsalary給某人一個(gè)好工資。3).give意為“給”常用于givesbsth=givesthtosb給某人某物(3)voluntary:adj.自愿的,自發(fā)的;無償?shù)模籥dv:自愿地自愿者練習(xí):1.Schoolsneed__________tohelpchildrentoread.學(xué)校需要義務(wù)工作者幫助兒童閱讀。2.Inhersparetimeshedoes_________work.她在業(yè)余時(shí)間做義工。★5.Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillnesses.(1)suffer:v(因疾病等)受苦,受折磨Shesufferedgreatlyasachild.她童年深受苦難。sufferfrom因……而痛苦,指長(zhǎng)期的或習(xí)慣性的痛苦或困難。1).sufferfrom+疾病名詞(或者他人閑言碎語(yǔ)、勞累、記憶力減退等),表示患病、為…受苦。Shesuffersfromheadache.她患頭痛病。2).sufferfrom+自然災(zāi)害Chinasufferedfrombadfloodsin2013.2013年中國(guó)遭受嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)(2)serious:adj嚴(yán)重的=badanddangerousadv.serious還有以下意思:1).認(rèn)真的:Heisaseriousstudentandworksveryhard.他是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的學(xué)生,學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。2).嚴(yán)肅的:Beserious!Don’tmakefunofme.嚴(yán)肅點(diǎn)!別拿我開玩笑?。?)illnessn.(某種)病=inbadhealthill(adj.)生病的;壞的注意:當(dāng)illness表示某種具體的疾病時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞,但當(dāng)表示“疾病,生病期間”是不可數(shù)名詞。fallill病倒了feelill感覺不舒服、生病speakillofsb.說某人的短處例:Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根詞:illadj.有病的(比較級(jí):worse,最高級(jí):worst)▲辨析:ill,sick的區(qū)別:1).ill和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。ill表示“生病的;有病的”這一意思時(shí),一般用作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ);而sick既可以作表語(yǔ)又可以作定語(yǔ),如“病人”可以說asickman或thesick,但不能說anillman或theill。例如:Sheisill/sickinbed.她臥病在床。Sheislookingafterhersickfather.她在照顧她生病的父親。2).sick有“惡心的;厭倦的”之意。例如:Thesmellmakesmesick.這氣味使我感到惡心。ill作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)是“壞的;邪惡的”之意。例如:Heisanillchild.他是一個(gè)壞孩子?!?.Weorganizedapaintingcompetitionforthem.(1)organizev.組織策劃(n.)組織者(n.)組織(2)competitionn.競(jìng)賽(v.)競(jìng)賽(n.)競(jìng)賽者(adj.)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的★7.ImetagirlcalledCindy.Called被叫做=named名為ThegirlcalledLucyisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.那個(gè)被叫做Lucy的女孩是我們學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生之一★8.Wetaughtthemtotellstories.Taught-----(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)):教師:用法:teachsbtodosth教某人做某事teachsbhowtodosth教某人怎樣做某事TeachusEnglish教某人英語(yǔ)teachoneself自學(xué)★9.Thishelpsthemexpresstheirfeelings.(1)helpv/n意為“幫助”用法:helpsbtodosth/dosth幫助某人做某事helpsbwithsth幫助某人某事Withthehelpofsb=withone’shelp在…的幫助下(2)expressv.表達(dá);表露(n.)表達(dá);表情;習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)(常用復(fù)數(shù))當(dāng)express表示“表達(dá),表示”之意是后不加雙賓語(yǔ)1).Heexpressedhisthankstoher.√2).Heexpressesherhisthanks.X練習(xí):1).Wordscannot______howpleasedIam.言語(yǔ)無法表達(dá)我的愉快心情。2).Teenagersoftenhavedifficulty________themselves.青少年在表達(dá)思想方面常常有困難?!?0.Myfriendsdon’tunderstandmypain.painn(身體上的)疼痛adj痛苦的,煩惱的★11.Sheisunhappyandverylonely.lonelyadj孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的▲辨析:lonely,alone的區(qū)別:1).alone既可以用作形容詞,又可以用作副詞,意為“獨(dú)自的(地),單獨(dú)的(地)”,側(cè)重于說明獨(dú)自一人,沒有同伴或助手,指的是客觀情況,alone用作形容詞時(shí),一般與be動(dòng)詞連用,在句子中作表語(yǔ)Sheisaloneathome.Iliketoworkalone.2).Lonely只作形容詞,在句子中既可以作定語(yǔ),又可以作表語(yǔ),其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式:lonelier-loneliestLonely用作定語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“無人煙的,荒涼的,偏僻的”等,用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),可以表示“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”之意,帶有濃厚的感情色彩,具有“渴望得到同伴”的含義。Thatisalonelyisland.IwasalonebutIdidn’tfeellonely.★11.Sheneedsfriendship.friendshipn.友情;友誼同根詞:friendn.朋友復(fù)數(shù):friends.friendlyadj.友好的friendlinessn.友善★12.IwillcontinuetovisitVivien.continuetodosth=goondoingsth意為“繼續(xù)做某事”★13.Iwantedtohelpdisabledchildren.disabledadj.有傷殘的;喪失能力的;不中用Itaughtdisabledchildrentosing.我教殘疾的孩子唱歌。同根詞:disablev.=make(sb.)unabletodosth.使無能力;使殘廢,使傷殘thedisable表示殘疾這一類人。enablev.=make(sb.)abletodosth.使(某人)能夠做某事搭配:mentallydisabled有智力缺陷learningdisabilities學(xué)習(xí)障礙★14.Theyhavedifficultywalkingandmoving.havedifficulty(in)doingsth表示“做某事有困難”=havetrouble(in)doingsth若后接名詞:則常用havedifficultywithsth的結(jié)構(gòu)★15.Becausemusiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.joy(n.)=happiness/pleasure高興,喜悅,快樂(adj.)高興的(adv.)高興地toone’sjoy使某人高興的是….練習(xí):1.Lookingafterthebabyisbothpainfuland.2.Theygreetedhim_______.3.Weshouldstudywith________.peacen.平靜;寧?kù)oadj.和平的;愛好和平的;安靜的;平靜的theNobelPeacePrize諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)Eveninginthecountryisaverypeacefultime.鄉(xiāng)村里的今晚是平靜安謐的時(shí)刻?!?6.Hehurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage.couragen.勇氣;勇敢Heshowedgreatcourageanddetermination.他表現(xiàn)得十分勇敢和果斷。同根詞:encouragev.鼓勵(lì),鼓舞;支持;促進(jìn);encouragesbtosth鼓勵(lì)某人做某事MyEnglishteacheroftenencouragesustoreadEnglishaloud.Unit1Helpingthoseinneed按要求寫單詞。permission(動(dòng)詞):volunteer(形容詞):ill(名詞):lonely(比較級(jí)):difficult(名詞):pain(形容詞):expression(動(dòng)詞):joy(形容詞):pay(過去式):organize(名詞):peaceful(名詞):raise(現(xiàn)在分詞):二.從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空。askpermissionraisemoneyinneedvoluntaryworkoffertosufferfromspendtimewithcontinuetohavedifficultyraiseone’sspirits1.Mygrandfatherhasaseriousheartdiseaseforalongtime.2.MyfrienddrivemetotheairportlastweekbecauseitwasraininghardandIcouldn’tfindataxi.3.Thestudentscompletingtheprojectwithoutanyhelpfromadults.Somostofthemaskedtheirparentsforhelp.4.IthinkyouneedtobeforeyouuseWendy’scomputer.5.Weshouldusethemoneytohelpthosepeople.6.Idon’twanttogotoParisforsuchashortholiday.I’dratherstayathomeandmykids.7.Cheerup.Simon!Drinkacupofcoffeenowanditmay.8.ThestudentsatGuangzhouMiddleSchoolwillforthechildreninpoorareas.9.Nowadays,moreandmoreteenagerstakepartintohelppeopletheydon’tknowatall.10.AfterJudycompletedherMathshomework,shedomorePhysicsexercises.三.根據(jù)劃線部分在句中的意思,找出意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。1.Theolemanisillinthesedays.A.worriedB.ingoodhealthC.inbadhealthD.nervous2.Ifyouknowtheanswer,pleaseraiseyourhand.A.getupB.putupC.useupD.standup3.DoyouhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.difficultyB.decisionsC.memoryD.ideas4.Thefanswereveryhappywhentheteamwonthefinalmatch.A.introubleB.inlowspiritsC.inhighspiritsD.indanger5.Jackgotupearlytocatchtheschoolbus.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.sothatD.inorderto6.Afterhiswifedied,helivedalone.A.unhappilyB.byhimselfC.lonelyD.badly7.Tonydidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewassickyesterday.A.lonelyB.illC.gladD.fit8.Theyofferedtohelpthoseinneed.A.refusedtoB.providedC.werewillingtogiveD.helped9.Theyhavepermissiontobuild500newschools.A.aremadeB.havedecisionC.havedirectionD.areallowed10.Timfelloffthebikeandhurthislegs.A.injuredB.madeC.expressedD.stayed四.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。1.Theyhave(difficult)walkingormoving.2.Whydoyouthinkitisveryimportanttoaskyourparents’.(permit)3.Mother(pay)tendollarsfortheEnglishdictionary.4.Inhersparetimeshedoes_________(volunteer)work.5.Lookingafterthebabyisbothpainfuland(joy).6.Iamreallyhungry.CanIstop(eat)something.7.Mr.Liuoftenteachesushow(speak)Englishwell.8.Iaskedhim(lend)metenYuan,buthedidn’t.9.Let’s(go)shoppingtodayifitdoesn’train.10.Ittookmetwodays(finish)thejob.11.Pleasetelltheboys(notmake)anynoise,mybabyissleeping.12.Thegirl(name)Lucyisoneofthebeststudentsinourschool.13.Ifyouknowtheanswer,youcan(raise)yourhand.14.Youshould(expression)yourfeelingclearly.15.Ididn’tdecidewhen(go)yesterday.語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,但to有時(shí)可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不做謂語(yǔ),所以沒有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。一.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ):基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式可以在agree,choose,decide,learn,plan,hope,promise,want,seem,would,like等后面做賓語(yǔ)。如:Iwanttoplaybasketball.我想玩籃球。IagreetomeetSusanoutsidethecinema.我同意在電影院外跟蘇珊見面?!行﹦?dòng)詞后面可以跟“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu),這些動(dòng)詞包advise,ask,decide,discuss,forget,know,learn,remember,show,teach,tell等如:Weteachhimhowtowalk.我們教他走路。Iforgotwhattodo.我忘記要做什么了。二.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(名詞/代詞)+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),有帶to和省略to的兩種情況。常跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise,ask,tell,order,invite,allow,wish,get,want,encourage等。如:Myteacheroftenencouragesustostudyhard.我的老師經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們要努力學(xué)習(xí)。Tomaskedmenottosleepinclass.Tom叫我不要在課堂上睡覺。常跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等,感官動(dòng)詞see,feel,notice等。如:Youcanletthegirlgofirst.你可以讓那個(gè)女孩子先走。Isawhimopenthedoor.我看見他開門。三.動(dòng)詞不定式表目的:動(dòng)詞不定式還可以用來表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的。動(dòng)詞不定式也可以位于句首。如:Shewenttothedepartmentstoretobuyanewbook.她去百貨商店是為了買本新書。TolearnEnglishwell,youshouldspeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.想學(xué)好英語(yǔ),應(yīng)該盡可能多的說英語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式專題練習(xí)一.用括號(hào)內(nèi)“動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子。Itisspringnow.Ourmonitor___________(want,organize)aclasstrip.Whatwouldyou____________(like,drink),teaorcoffee?I___________(hope,travel)aroundtheworldwhenIgrowup.Atlast,herparents___________(agree,live)inthecitywithher.Sandy___________(prepare,make)aspeechattheeveningpartynow.Thetwoboyswill___________(learn,swim)intheSwimmingClub.Youhavepooreyesight,soyoucan___________(choose,sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom.Please___________(remember,close)thedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.Don't___________(forget,take)anumbrellawithyoubecauseitisgoingtorain.Look!Thelittlegirl___________(try,wake)hermumup.Thepolice___________(make)everyone___________(leave)thebuildingatonce.Thedriver___________(let)theold.___________(travel)onthebuswithoutaticket.Jack___________(have)hisbrother___________(wash)thedishesyesterday.Idon't___________(let)people___________(smoke)inmycar!二.連詞成句。注意使用正確的時(shí)態(tài):(Tomorrow/l/encourage/Janet/enter/thecompetition.)__________________________________________________(Iwasalreadytired,butI/force/myselfgoonworking.)__________________________________________________(Ann/teach/Mary/drive/lastyear.)__________________________________________________(Don'tworry!TomorrowI/persuade/myfather/see/adoctor.)__________________________________________________(LastSunday,John/invite/Sheila/come/forlunch.)__________________________________________________(Nextyeartheteachers/allow/thestudents/use/calculatorsinexams.)__________________________________________________三.根據(jù)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容提示,用動(dòng)詞不定式完成句子:(Policewoman:Caneveryonepleasestayindoors?)Thepolicewomanaskedeveryone___________________________________(Jane:Remembertocomehomeearly,Tim.)JaneremindedTim__________________________________________(Manager:Youmustworkmorequickly.)Themanagerwantsus___________________________________(Captain:Let'sdoourbestinthegame.)Thecaptainencouragedus___________________________________(Joe:CanyoucometomypartynextSaturday?)Joeinvitedme__________________________________________Unit1Helpingthoseinneed一、重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1.raisev.籌集;提升;增加第三人稱單數(shù):raises過去式:raised過去分詞:raised現(xiàn)在分詞:raising搭配:raisemoney籌款;raisemoneyfor…為……籌款raiseone’svoice提高嗓門;例如:Theyraisedmoneyforhomelesspeople.raiseprice提高價(jià)格;raiseone’sspirits打起精神raise=keep有“飼養(yǎng),撫養(yǎng)”的意思,如:raisecattle=keepcattle(飼養(yǎng)牲口)和raisechildren(撫養(yǎng)孩子)辨析:raise,rise(rise--rose--risen)的區(qū)別(1)這兩個(gè)詞都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。raise是及物動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)通常是人;而rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其主語(yǔ)通常是物。例如:Thesunrisesandbathestheearth.太陽(yáng)升起,普照大地。Bathn.沐浴,浴室bathev.沐浴,洗,(光線)充滿(2)raise和rise用于同一事物時(shí)含義不同。例如:ThepriceofTVsetshasbeenraisedrecently.最近電視機(jī)提價(jià)了。(政府或廠家主動(dòng)行動(dòng))ThepriceofTVsetshasrisenrecently.最近電視機(jī)提價(jià)了。(市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié))2.permissionn.=agreement準(zhǔn)許;批準(zhǔn)搭配:Askpermission報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)Writealettertotheheadteachertotoraisemoney.給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信請(qǐng)求允許籌錢。同根詞:permitv.=allowyoutodoit許可,準(zhǔn)許;默許Theguardspermittedmetobringmycameraandtaperecorder.知識(shí)拓展:表示請(qǐng)求某人允許自己做某事,通常與動(dòng)詞ask,askfor,request連用。Sheaskedforpermissiontoleaveworkearly.她請(qǐng)求許可早點(diǎn)下班。表示允許某人做某事,通常與動(dòng)詞give連用。Whogaveyoupermissiontocomehere?誰(shuí)準(zhǔn)許你到這里來的(3)表示不允許某人做某事,通常與動(dòng)詞refuse/deny連用。Theschoolhasbeenrefusedpermissiontoexpand.學(xué)校擴(kuò)充未得到允許3.disabledadj.喪失能力的;有殘疾的Itaughtdisabledchildrentosing.我教殘疾的孩子唱歌。同根詞:disablev.=make(sb.)unabletodosth.使殘廢,使傷殘Heisdisabledfromvoting.他失去了選舉資格。enablev.

[?n'e?b(?)l]

=make(sb.)abletodosth.使(某人)能夠做某事Thenewtestshouldenabledoctorstodetectthediseaseearly.新的檢測(cè)手段應(yīng)該能夠使醫(yī)生們盡早查出這種疾病。搭配:mentallydisabled有智力缺陷learningdisabilities學(xué)習(xí)障礙4.offerv.=bewillingtodosomething主動(dòng)提出搭配:offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出去做某事,愿意做某事Peterofferedtoteachthemwater-skiing.彼得主動(dòng)提出教他們滑水。搭配:offerone’shand伸出友好的手offersb.sth.為某人提供某物Theyhaveofferedmealargesumofmoneytogoaway.他們?cè)鵀槲姨峁┮淮蠊P搬遷費(fèi)辨析:provide,offer的區(qū)別:provide用于表示無主動(dòng)慷慨之意地為人或物提供需要或有用的東西,僅僅是出于某種責(zé)任,強(qiáng)調(diào)提供必須用的東西,尤其是生活用品,多數(shù)情況是免費(fèi)的。常用于providesb.withsth.或providesth.forsb.的固定搭配中。offer表示主動(dòng)提供服務(wù)、工作等,對(duì)方可以接受,也可以不接受。常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。例如:offersb.主動(dòng)提出幫助某人;offersb.agoodsalary給某人一個(gè)好工資。Somehowshemanagedtoprovideherchildrenwithfoodandclothing.她總算設(shè)法使她的孩子有飯吃,有衣穿。 Heofferedmeaglassofwine.=Heofferedaglassofwinetome.他端給我一杯酒。5.illnessn.(某種)病Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。同根詞:illadj.有病的(比較級(jí):worse,最高級(jí):worst)辨析:ill,illness,sick的區(qū)別:illness是ill的名詞形式,是可數(shù)名詞。ill和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。ill表示“生病的;有病的”這一意思時(shí),一般用作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ);sick既可以作表語(yǔ)又可以作定語(yǔ),如“病人”可以說asickman或thesick,但不能說anillman或theill。例如:Sheisill/sickinbed.她臥病在床。Sheislookingafterhersickfather.她在照顧她生病的父親。sick有“惡心的;厭倦的”之意。例如:Thesmellmakesmesick.這氣味使我感到惡心。ill作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)是“壞的;邪惡的”之意。例如:Heisanillman.他是一個(gè)邪惡的人。一言辨異:AlthoughIamill,Ihavetolookaftermysicksisterathometoday.Becauseofillness,shecan’tgotoschool.盡管我病了,但是今天我必須在家照看我生病的妹妹。因?yàn)榧膊?,她沒有去上學(xué)。6.organizev.組織Intheend,wealldecidedtoorganizeaconcertforEaster.最終,我們一致決定組織一場(chǎng)復(fù)活節(jié)音樂會(huì)。同根詞:organizationn.組織;機(jī)構(gòu)organizern.組織者organizedadj.有組織的Whatdoyouknowaboutourorganization?關(guān)于我們的組織你知道些什么?Studentsneedorganizedactivities.學(xué)生們需要有組織的活動(dòng)。Whoistheorganizeroftheexhibition?誰(shuí)是這次展覽會(huì)的組織者?7.expressv.表達(dá);表露Thishelpsthemexpresstheirfeelings.這有助于他們表達(dá)他們的情感。同根詞:expressionn.表現(xiàn),表示,表達(dá);表情Shegaveexpressiontohersadness.她流露出了悲傷之情。8.lonelyadj.孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的;荒涼的(比較級(jí):lonelier最高級(jí):loneliest)Itfeltliketheloneliestplaceintheworld.感覺這就像是天底下最荒涼的地方。辨析:lonely,alone的區(qū)別:alone為形容詞,意為“單獨(dú)的”,只作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ)。側(cè)重說明獨(dú)自一人,沒有助手或同伴,沒有感情色彩的只表示客觀的狀態(tài)。lonely意為“孤獨(dú)的”,表示主觀上感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞,有較濃的感情色彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友誼等產(chǎn)生的一種悲傷和憂郁的感情。它為形容詞,在句中作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“荒涼;偏僻”,多修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。alone還可以作副詞。aloneadv.單獨(dú);獨(dú)自Shewenthomealone.=Shewenthomebyherself.她獨(dú)自回家去了。Theoldmanlivesinalonelytown,helivesalonebuthedoes’tfeellonely.這位老人住在偏僻的鎮(zhèn)上,他獨(dú)自一人住著,但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。一言辯異:Ididn’tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.我雖孤身一人,但并不感到寂寞。9.friendshipn.友情;友誼同根詞:friendn.朋友復(fù)數(shù):friends.Truefriendshipisworthmorethanmoney.真正的友誼比金錢更有價(jià)值。friendlyadj.友好的Roberthasafriendlyrelationshipwithhiscustomers.羅伯特和他的客戶之間關(guān)系處得很好。friendlinessn.友善Shealsolovesthefriendlinessofthepeople.她也喜歡人們的友善。 10.difficultyn.=benotabletodosomethingeasily困難;費(fèi)勁Thecountryisfacinggreateconomicdifficulties.該國(guó)正面臨巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。同根詞:difficultadj.=hardtodo困難的Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.那孩子正經(jīng)歷困難的階段。It’sdifficultforme.對(duì)我來說這很難。搭配:havedifficulty(in)doingsomething做……有困難Ihadnodifficulty(in)makingmyselfunderstood.我毫不費(fèi)力地表達(dá)了自己的意思。indifficulty/difficulties處境困難Thebankisindifficulty/difficulties.這家銀行處境困難。11.joyn.=afeelingofgreathappiness愉快;喜悅Itaughtthemtosingbecausemusiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.我教他們唱歌,因?yàn)橐魳纺軒Ыo他們喜悅與寧?kù)o。同根詞:joyfuln.快樂的,高興的;令人開心的,使人喜悅的Hewasexcitedandjoyfulatthesuccess.他因成功而激動(dòng)欣喜。搭配:toone’sjoy令人高興的是,使某人高興的是Toherjoyhersonwaspermittedtoakeyuniversity.12.peacen.平靜;寧?kù)otheNobelPeacePrize諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)OnemorequestionandI’llleaveyouinpeace.再問一個(gè)問題,我就不打擾你了。同根詞:peacefuladj.和平的;愛好和平的;安靜的;平靜的Eveninginthecountryisaverypeacefultime.鄉(xiāng)村里的今晚是平靜安謐的時(shí)刻。13.hurtv.=injure['?nd??]

使疼痛;受傷Timhurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage.提姆在一次事故中傷了腿,但他很勇敢。同根詞:hurtadj.受傷的;痛苦的;(受)損壞的Theydidnotseemtobebadlyhurt.他們看起來沒有受重傷。搭配:hurtoneself自己受傷Haveyouhurtyourself?你傷著自己了嗎?注意:身體傷害重用badly修飾。精神、感情受到創(chuàng)傷用verymuch/rather/deeply修飾Thedriverhurthimselfbadlyintheaccident.那位司機(jī)在事故中傷得很重。Yourwordsdeeplyhurther.你的話深深地傷害了她。14.couragen.勇氣;勇敢同根詞:encouragev.鼓勵(lì),鼓舞;支持;促進(jìn);鼓動(dòng)MyEnglishteacheroftenencouragesustoreadEnglishaloud.我的英語(yǔ)老師常常鼓勵(lì)我們大聲讀英語(yǔ)。搭配:takeone’scourageinbothhands鼓起勇氣去做;敢作敢為gathercourage鼓足勇氣losecourage失去勇氣gather['g?e?]vt.收集;收割Takinghercourageinbothhands,sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.她壯著膽打開門,走了進(jìn)去。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Keepupyourcourage.失敗是成功之母。鼓起你的勇氣來。15.Spiritsn.情緒,心境他回到家里是情緒非常好。Hefeltinexcellentspiritswhenhearrivedhome.Spiritn.精神,勇氣,意志。盡管他已經(jīng)不再人世,但他的精神卻至今還在。Eventhoughheisnolongerliving,hisspiritlivesontoday.固定搭配:inspirit在心里,在精神上16.payv.付款;償還Wepaid35poundsforeachticket.我們每張票付了35英鎊。同根詞:payn.工資;薪水;報(bào)答Theycomplainedabouttheirpayandconditions.他們抱怨他們的薪水和工作條件。搭配:payoff償清(債務(wù));支付(債務(wù))的全部數(shù)額payattentionto注意payavisitto去參觀,拜訪payfor為……付款辨析:take,spend,cost和pay的用法區(qū)別:總結(jié):take一般用it作主語(yǔ),例如:ittakessb.sometimetodosth.spend一般是人作主語(yǔ),例如:Ispendanhourfinishingmyhomework.cost表示某物值什么的(價(jià)值或錢),例如:Thebookcost200yuan.pay一般是人作主語(yǔ),例如:Ipaylotsofmoneyforbooks.spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人,常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):(1)spendtime/moneyonsth.在……上花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)。例如:Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(2)spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間(金錢)做某事。例如:Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。(3)spendmoneyforsth.花錢買……例如:Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的錢用來買書了。cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng),還可以表示“值”,常見用法如下:(1)sth.costs(sb.)+金錢,某物花了(某人)多少錢。例如:Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+時(shí)間,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時(shí)間。例如:Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。注意:cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ),常見用法有以下幾種:(1)Ittakessb.+時(shí)間+todosth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例如:Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他們用三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。(2)doingsth.takessb.+時(shí)間,做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例如:Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修車。pay的基本用法是:(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢(給某人)買……例如:Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每個(gè)月要付20英鎊的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的錢例如:Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。(3)payforsb.替某人付錢例如:Don’tworry!I’llpayforyou.別擔(dān)心,我會(huì)給你付錢的。(4)paysb.付錢給某人例如:Theypayuseverymonth.他們每月給我們報(bào)酬。(5)paymoneyback還錢例如:MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?I’llpayitbacknextweek.(6)payoffone’smoney還清錢。17.voluntaryadj.自愿的;志愿的Hemadeavoluntarystatementtothepolice.他自愿為警方作供。18.beusedfordoing被用來做(某事)beusedtodo被用來去做``````beusedas把······用作,被用來當(dāng)作······beusedby(某物)被某人使用,by后接動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者**beusedto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做某事)**usedtodosth.過去常常做某事Thismedicineisusedforcuringcancer.這種藥物是用于治療癌癥的。Clothesareusedtokeepwarm.衣服是用來保暖的。Theboxisusedasatable.這個(gè)箱子被當(dāng)作桌子用。ThiscarisusedbyMr.Li.這是李先生的專用轎車。Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly.我爸爸習(xí)慣于早起。Iusedtodanceafterschool.我過去常常放學(xué)后跳舞。Inthepast,peopleusedtousehorsesastheirtransport.過去人們常常使用馬匹作為他們的交通工具。18.sincethen自從那時(shí)起

sinceIwasborn自從我出生時(shí)

since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)(用于完成時(shí))自從5點(diǎn)開始他就在等了。Hehaswaitedsince5o’clock.陳先生自從2歲起就住在這兒。Mr.Chenhaslivedheresince2yearsold.我們自從七年前開始就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)了。WehavelearnedEnglishsince7yearsago.新詞強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練:Theywillgiveaconcertto(籌款)forcharity.Youmust(報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn))ifyouwanttoleaveearly.---Excuseme,wouldyou(幫我個(gè)忙)?---Sure,Whatwouldyoulikemetodo?Heis(因……受苦)nervoustension(神經(jīng)緊張).Willyougototheparkto(拍照)withmethisafternoon?Whoknowswhatwillhappen(將來)?Heis(不健康).Heisoftensick.Youmust(照顧)yourselfandkeephealthy.Mygrandmaisill(住院)now.Myauntistakingcareofher.Wehaveagolfcourseinthe_________(社區(qū))。---Howmuchdidyoup_______forthesweater?---Eightdollars.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Peopledon’tallow(teenager)todriveacar

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