廣東省梅州市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)研英語試題(解析版)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省梅州市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)研英語試題第一部分聽力略第二部分閱讀(共兩書，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龍蝦)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.Date:July15Location:ChangshaInternationalFinanceSquare(ChangshaIFS)AboutPhilipColbertHisgloballywelcomedlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.Throughlargeinstallations,publicartthemeexhibitionandnewmediaart,theartisthasintroducedworksfromgalleriesandcreatedasurrealartsceneryincity’spublicspacewithacombinationofpopartandlocalculture.FeaturesInChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondon-basedartist’sfirstlarge-scaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.Theopeningceremony,anartcarnival,sawthedebut(首次登臺)ofa12-meter-longLobsterTaikonautspeciallymadebyColbert.HisLobsterFlowerandLobsterSharkalsofoundtheirwayintheparade.Atthesouthwestsquare,peoplecanfindLobsterFountaintowering12metersandenjoytwomajorthemesectors,LobsterIslandandLobsterSkatePark.LobsterRainbow,alobsterbreakingthrougharoofwitharainbowbehindit,istheartist’sbrand-newworkforChangshaIFS.Inhisworks,suchasDaydreamer,Colbertalsoexpresseshiswishofnarrowingthedistancebetweenartpiecesandpeople.1.WhatisPhilipColbertwellknownfor?A.AliceWonderland. B.Sharkexperience.C.Lobsterseries. D.Rainbowstory.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitionaccordingtothetext?A.Ittookplaceintheopenair.B.Therewasnospecialworksfortheevent.C.Peoplecanenjoylobsterfountainandlake.D.LobsterIslandistheartist’sbrand-newworkforChangshaIFS.3.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Ashoppingbrochure.B.Anartmagazine.C.Asciencereport.D.Afashionadvertisement.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了英國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家PhilipColbert在湖南長沙創(chuàng)作的“龍蝦仙境”。〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B【1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AboutPhilipColbert部分中“Hisgloballywelcomedlobsterserieshaswontheheartsofalargenumberoffollowers.Theartist,withamaster’sinphilosophy,takeslobsterashissecondpersonality.(他的龍蝦系列受到全球歡迎，贏得了一大批粉絲的心。這位擁有哲學(xué)碩士學(xué)位的藝術(shù)家把龍蝦當(dāng)作自己的第二人格)”可知，他的龍蝦系列作品受到全球歡迎，所以他是因他的龍蝦系列作品而全球聞名的。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Features部分中“InChangshaIFS,Colbert’sexhibition,whichistheLondon-basedartist’sfirstlarge-scaleoutdoorpublicartinstallations,hasthreemajorsectors,showcasinghislargeinstallations,sculpturesandnewmediaartsaswellasthespecialworkscreatedfortheevent.(在長沙IFS，科爾伯特的展覽是倫敦藝術(shù)家的第一個大型戶外公共藝術(shù)裝置，分為三個主要部分，展示了他的大型裝置，雕塑和新媒體藝術(shù)以及為活動創(chuàng)作的特別作品)”可知，該展覽是這位倫敦藝術(shù)家的第一個大型戶外公共藝術(shù)裝置。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhileAlicehasheradventuresintheWonderland,youcanhaveyourownaswellthissummer.BritishcontemporaryartistPhilipColberthascreatedaLobster(龍蝦)WonderlandinChangsha,HunanProvince.(當(dāng)愛麗絲在仙境里冒險的時候，這個夏天你也可以有自己的冒險。英國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家菲利普·科爾伯特在湖南省長沙市創(chuàng)造了一個龍蝦仙境)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一位藝術(shù)家的展覽，故本文可以在藝術(shù)雜志上看到。故選B。BWhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhard-of-hearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.“Whattheyweredoingatthetimewasholdingballoonstofeelthevibrations(震動)throughtheirfingers,”Belquersaid.Hethoughttheteamcouldmakesomethingtohelphard-of-hearingpeopleenjoylivemusicevenmorewiththetechnologynowavailable.Belquer,whoisalsoamusicianandtheaterartist,isnowthe“ChiefVibrationalOfficer”ofMusic:NotImpossible,whichusesnewtechnologytoaddresssocialissueslikepovertyanddisabilityaccess.Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.Eventually,theyworkedwithengineerstodevelopalighthaptic(觸覺的)suitwithatotalof24vibratingplates.Thereare20ofthemtiedtoavestthatfitstightlyaroundthebodylikeahikingbackpack,plusonethattiestoeachwristandankle.Whenyouwearthesuit,it’ssurprisinghowitfeels.ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.Thehapticsuitswerejustonecomponentoftheevent.TherewereAmericanSignLanguageinterpreters;themusicwascaptionedonascreenonthestage.Thesuitsarethestarattraction.LilyLipman,whohasauditoryprocessingdisorder,litupwhenaskedaboutherexperience.“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.”4.WhatsurprisedBelqueraboutpeoplewithhearingproblems?A.Thewaytheyenjoyedmusic.B.Theattitudetheyheldtolife.C.Thelovetheyhadforballoons.D.Thefrequencytheyvibratedfingers.5.Whydidtheteam’sinitialattemptfail?A.Themotorswerethesame.B.Thevibrationslackedvariety.C.Themotorshardlyworked.D.Thevibrationswereirregular.6.WhatdidtheDJdo?A.Heinterpretedthesignlanguage.B.Hecaptionedthemusiconstage.C.Heselectedsuitsfortheattendees.D.Hehelpedpeoplefeelthemusic.7.WhatdoesLilyLipmanthinkofthesuit?A.Comforting. B.Challenging. C.Satisfying. D.Encouraging.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了音樂家兼戲劇藝術(shù)家Belquer和其團隊利用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)制作一個套裝來幫助聽力障礙人士更好地享受現(xiàn)場音樂?！即鸢浮?.A5.B6.D7.C【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“WhenBelquerfirstjoinedateamtomakeabetterlivemusicexperiencefordeafandhard-of-hearingpeople,hewasstruckbyhowtheyhaddevelopedworkaroundstoenjoyconcerts.(當(dāng)Belquer第一次加入一個為聾啞人和聽力障礙人士提供更好的現(xiàn)場音樂體驗的團隊時，他對他們?nèi)绾蜗氤鱿硎芤魳窌淖兺ǚ椒ǜ械秸痼@。)”可知，Belquer對聽障人士想出的享受音樂的方法而震驚，故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Histeamstartedbytyingvibratingdifferentcellphonemotorstobodies,butthatdidn’tquitework.Thevibrationswereallthesame.(他的團隊首先將不同的手機振動電機綁在身體上，但這并不太奏效。振動都是一樣的。)”可知，他的團隊最初的嘗試失敗了，這是因為震動都是一樣的，即缺乏多樣性，故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThevibrationsaremixedbyahapticDJwhocontrolsthelocation,frequencyandintensityoffeelingacrossthesuits,justasamusicDJmixessoundsinanartfulway.“Whatwe’redoingisselectingandmixingwhatwewantandsendittodifferentpartsofthebody,”saidtheDJ.(振動由觸覺DJ混合，他控制著套裝中感覺的位置、頻率和強度，就像音樂DJ以巧妙的方式混合聲音一樣。“我們正在做的就是選擇并混合我們想要的東西，并將其發(fā)送到身體的不同部位，”DJ說)”可知，DJ選擇并混合想要的東西，并將其發(fā)送到身體的不同部位，以此來幫助人們感受音樂。由此可推知，DJ幫助人們感受音樂，故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中LilyLipman所說的話“It’scool,becauseI’mneverquitesureifI’mhearingwhatotherpeoplearehearing,soit’samazingtogetthemusicinmybody.(這很酷，因為我永遠不確定我是否聽到了其他人聽到的聲音，所以讓音樂進入我的身體真是太棒了。)”可推知，LilyLipman對這個套裝是滿意的，故選C。CBringingspecieslikebeavers(河貍)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry’sreducedbiodiversity.Despitethegovernmentallowingthis,theEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairsCommitteeconcludedinJulythattherewasanabsenceoflong-termplansonhowtomanagethis.Inresponse,thegovernmenthasnowsaidthatthe“reintroductionofspeciesisnotapriority”.Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.Thegovernment’senvironmentdepartmenthascomeunderscrutiny(詳細審查)fornotdoingmoretopreventsewagedumpingandotherformsofpollutioninEngland’swaterways.SirRobertGoodwill,chairoftheCommittee,saidhewasdisappointedwiththegovernmentresponse.Bringingbackextinctspeciesisacontroversialissue—althoughfarmersandlandownersappearbroadlysupportive,therearerisksofreintroducingnewspecies,andwithoutclearguidance,problemscouldarise.Arecentstudyshowedthatriverbarrierssimilartothosebuiltbybeaverscanprotectcommunitiesatriskofflooding.ButtherehavealsobeencasesdocumentedinEuropewherebeavershavebuilttheirdamsinplacesthathavedamagedcropsandchangedrivers.JoanEdwards,directorofPolicy&PublicAffairsatTheWildlifeTrustssaid,“ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment’sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechange—itisastonishingthereisnostrategyfordoingso.”“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknock-oneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages,”shesaid.8.Whatdoesparagraph2wanttoconvey?A.ThesituationofspeciesintheUKissevere.B.ReintroductionofspeciesintheUKisnotapriority.C.Expansionsinfarminghaveagreateffectonclimatechange.D.TheUKgovernment’sresponsetoreducedbiodiversityisdisappointing.9.HowdidtheUKgovernmentplantoincreasebiodiversity?A.Bydevelopingstrategy.B.Byofferingguidance.C.Byexpandingfarming.D.Byrestoringhabitat.10.WhatdidJoanEdwardsthinkofreintroductionofwildlife?A.Itwasmessy. B.Itwaslimited.C.Itwasbeneficial. D.Itwascostly.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofreintroducingwildlife.B.Theresponsestoagovernmentstatement.C.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonfarming.D.Theapproachestoincreasingbiodiversity.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了英國政府發(fā)出一份聲明，認為將河貍等物種帶回英國已不再是當(dāng)務(wù)之急，而是希望通過恢復(fù)棲息地來增加生物多樣性，該聲明引起了很多爭議，社會各界對此做出了不同的回應(yīng)。〖答案〗8.A9.D10.C11.B【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ArecentreportshowsthatoneinsixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganisationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry’sreducedbiodiversity.(最近的一份報告顯示，英國有六分之一的物種面臨滅絕的危險。今年9月，60多個保護組織報告稱，由于農(nóng)業(yè)擴張和氣候變化的影響，物種數(shù)量顯著減少。近年來，慈善機構(gòu)重新引入了動物和植物，作為恢復(fù)該國減少的生物多樣性的努力的一部分)”可知，本段主要介紹了英國物種多樣性的現(xiàn)狀，一部分物種面臨滅絕的危險，物種數(shù)量顯著減少，很多機構(gòu)在努力恢復(fù)物種多樣性。由此可知，本段想表示英國的物種狀況很嚴峻。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.(政府表示，其重點是通過恢復(fù)棲息地來增加生物多樣性)”可知，英國政府的計劃是恢復(fù)棲息地。故選D項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中JoanEdwards所說的話“ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment’sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechange(重新引入野生動物必須成為英國政府應(yīng)對自然喪失和氣候變化的武器之一)”和最后一段中她所說的話“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknock-oneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages(野生河貍的回歸可以幫助重建失去的濕地，并產(chǎn)生連鎖效應(yīng)，使包括昆蟲、無脊椎動物和鳥類在內(nèi)的其他野生動物受益。河貍還減緩了水流，這可以減少城鎮(zhèn)和村莊的洪水風(fēng)險)”可知，JoanEdwards認為重新引入野生動物可以幫助政府應(yīng)對自然喪失和氣候變化，并說明野生河貍的回歸對濕地、其他野生動物和應(yīng)對洪水的幫助。由此可知。她認為這樣做是有好處的。故選C項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Bringingspecieslikebeavers(河貍)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.(面對野生動物組織的批評，英國政府周五表示，將河貍等物種帶回英國已不再是當(dāng)務(wù)之急)”可知，文章圍繞最近英國政府發(fā)出的一份有關(guān)重新引入野生動物的聲明展開，這份聲明引起了很多爭議，社會各界對此做出了不同的回應(yīng)。因此，B項“對一份政府聲明的回應(yīng)”概括了文章的主旨大意。故選B項。DResearchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(時間的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.“Ifwecollectandprocessmorehigh-resolution(高清)spatialinformationaboutwhat’shappeningontheroads,thenplannerscouldbetterunderstandchangesindemand,effectivelyimprovingefficiencyinthebroadertransportationsystem,”saidKeithRedmill,leadauthorofthestudy.“Ifwecanmeasuretrafficinawaythatisasgoodorbetterthanwhatisconventionallydonewithfixedsensors,thenwewillhavecreatedsomethingincrediblyusefulextremelycheaply,”hesaid.“Ourgoalistostartbuildingasystemthatcoulddothiswithoutmuchmanualinterventionbecauseifyouwanttocollectthisinformationoverlotsofpotentialvehiclesandlotsoftime,it’sworthfullyautomatingthatprocess.”Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(實施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefutureofintelligenttrafficsurveillance.Transportationplanners,engineersandoperatorsmakevitaldecisionsaboutthefutureofourroadways,sowhendesigningtransportationsystemstoworkoverthenext30to50years,it’snecessarythatwegivethemdatathatallowsthemtoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystemandthelevelofserviceprovidedtotravelers.12.Howcancamerasonbusesbenefittravelers?A.Byshorteningtheirtraveltime.B.Bymakingtheirschedulestight.C.Bydecreasingtheirtransportcost.D.Byimprovingtheirsafetyawareness.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthesensorsplacedonbuses?A.Theyprovidemorespatialcoverage.B.Theycan’tdetectobjectsontheroad.C.Theycoverlessviewoftheurbantraffic.D.Theyaccuratelyrecordtheflowoftraffic.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surveillance”inparagraph6mean?A.Operation. B.Monitoring. C.Protection. D.Arrangement.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransportationautomationisonitswayB.ItistimetoimprovetheefficiencyoftrafficsystemC.TransportationplannersusecamerastomakepoliciesD.Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹的是研究人員提出了一種新方法來統(tǒng)計和追蹤公共道路上的車輛，這一發(fā)展有望改善當(dāng)前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地。〖答案〗12.A13.C14.B15.D【12題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Researchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.(研究人員提出了一種計算和跟蹤公共道路上車輛的新方法，這一發(fā)展可以改善當(dāng)前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地)”可知，研究人員提出的是一種新的方法即在巴士上的攝像頭能夠幫助旅行者更快的到達目的地，即縮短出行時間。故選A?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(時間的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用這些移動攝像頭可以提供更好的空間和時間覆蓋，而不是依賴于通常臨時放置的傳感器，這些傳感器不能提供城市中許多街道和道路的視圖)”可知，安裝在公交車上的傳感器不能提供城市中許多道路和街道的視圖。由此推知，它們對城市交通的覆蓋較少。故選C?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員利用已經(jīng)安裝在校園公交車上的攝像頭，證明了它們可以自動準(zhǔn)確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛)”以及劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(實施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefuture

...(雖然距離全面實施還有很長的路要走，但研究表明，該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果對未來充滿希望…)”可知，安裝在公交車上的攝像頭能夠自動準(zhǔn)確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛，雖然距離全面實施這項技術(shù)還有很長的路要走，但研究表明，該系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果對未來的交通監(jiān)控室充滿希望的。故劃線詞與B選項“Monitoring.(監(jiān)控)”為同義詞。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究人員利用已經(jīng)安裝在校園公交車上的攝像頭，證明了它們可以自動準(zhǔn)確地測量城市道路上的車輛數(shù)量，探測道路上的物體，并區(qū)分停放的車輛和行駛的車輛)”以及通讀全文可知，文章講述的是研究人員提出了一種新方法來統(tǒng)計和追蹤公共道路上的車輛，這一發(fā)展有望改善當(dāng)前的交通系統(tǒng)，幫助旅行者更快地到達目的地。由此可知，D選項“Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic(安裝在公交車上的攝像頭可以更好地測量交通狀況)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Gettingandstayingfocusedcanbeachallengeeveninthebestoftimes.Butwitheverythinggoingonintheworld,concentratingcanoftenfeeldown-rightimpossible.Belowaresometipstohelpyoufindyourflow.Distract(使分心)yourbrain.Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.___16___.It’stheplacewhereourmindsfindinnovationandcreativityandoftenmakebetterdecisionsthanthefocusedmind.___17___.Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.___18___.Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.Bevitalwhenyouwantadeepdiveintofocus.Yourimportantworkbenefitswhenyoushutofforputawayyourphoneandotherscreens.Knowyourbodyclock.Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.___19___.Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.___20___A.TrytodaydreamwhathappenedB.WetrytoobtainfocusbutinvainC.EngageinpositiveconstructivedaydreamingD.Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuffE.ThisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappensF.Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselvesG.Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法?！即鸢浮?6.E17.C18.F19.D20.G【16題詳析】上文“Scheduleintoeveryworkdaysomebreaksfromallthatfocusingandallowyourmindtotravelintowhat’scalledthe“default(默認的)modenetwork”forabitoffreestyleactivities.(在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓你的大腦進入所謂的‘默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)’”，進行一些自由活動。)”建議在每個工作日安排一些休息時間，讓大腦進入“默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”；E選項“Thisnetworkofthebraincircuitiswheremagichappens(這個大腦回路網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是奇跡發(fā)生的地方)”承接上文，對大腦的“默認模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)”進一步闡述，選線中的“Thisnetwork”指代上文中的“default(默認的)modenetwork”。故選E?！?7題詳析】句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，設(shè)空處此段為主旨句；下文“Thisinvolvesfirstturningyourattentioninward.Trytravelingwithyourmindtosomeplaceenjoyable—maybeit’sawalkthroughanimaginaryforestorsunbathingonawarmsandybeach.Doingthisseveraltimesadaycanofferyourmindafreshapproachtothejobathand.(這包括首先將你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)部。試著帶著你的思想去一個令人愉快的地方旅行——也許是在想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬日光浴。)”建議想象自己去一個令人愉快的地方旅行，比如想象中的森林里散步，或者在溫暖的沙灘上曬太陽；C選項“Engageinpositiveconstructivedaydreaming(做一些積極的、有建設(shè)性的白日夢)”能夠概括本段主旨，適合作為主旨句。故選C?！?8題詳析】本段主旨句“Blockinterruptionsbeforedivingintodeepwork.(在投入工作之前屏蔽干擾)”指出投入工作之前要屏蔽干擾；下文“Tohelp,turnofftextmessaging,notificationsandsocialmediaalerts.(為了有所幫助，關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒。)”指出關(guān)閉短信、通知和社交媒體提醒等會幫助屏蔽干擾，提高注意力；F選項“Ourdaysarefilledwithdistractions,fromothersandourselves(我們的生活充滿了干擾，來自他人和自己)”指出我們生活中充滿干擾，符合語境。故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whetheryouaresharpinthemorningoranightowl,don’tspendyourday—inparticularyourpeakbrainhours—doingbusywork.(無論你是早晨思維敏捷還是夜貓子，都不要把一天的時間——尤其是大腦最活躍的時間——花在消磨時間的工作上。)”指出不要把一天的時間，尤其是大腦最活躍的時間花在消磨時間的工作上；D選項“Instead,reserveyourbestbraintimeforthebigstuff(相反，把你大腦最好的時間留給重要的事情)”提出應(yīng)該把大腦最好的時間用于做重要的事情，符合語境，選項中的“thebigstuff”與上文中的“busywork”相對應(yīng)。故選D?！?0題詳析】上文“Trynewhobbies.Engaginginhobbiesnotonlyisfunbutcanhelpuscomeupwithnewsolutionstoproblemswe’refacingatworkorhome.(嘗試新的愛好。從事業(yè)余愛好不僅有趣，而且可以幫助我們想出解決工作或家庭中遇到的問題的新方法。)”建議嘗試新的愛好，并指出這可以幫助我們想出解決問題的新方法；G項“Allowingyourmindtimetoplayisanotherwaytoinviteinnovation(讓你的大腦有時間玩耍是另一種激發(fā)創(chuàng)新的方式)”承接上文，闡述嘗試新愛好的益處，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thisisatruestorythattookplaceafewdaysago.Thiswomanlooked___21___,butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes.Imetthemostbeautifulwomaninashop.Shewasn’tthat___22___asshewas5feetatthemost.Her___23___wasbent,too.Shewasthinandherfacewas___24___withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.Herhairwasthinandwhite.Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.Shemoved___25___andwithgreatcare.However,whenshe___26___atyouintheeyeandspoketoyou,youcouldseeher___27___beautyshiningthrough.Herfacewaswrinkledfromavery___28___lifeofhardworkanddifficulty.Butitwasthelinesaroundhereyesthatcaughtmy___29___.Thesewrinklesweredeepandforever“canyons”thathadbeen____30____byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter.Her____31____weredeepsetandhiddenbehindthick,heavyglasses.Butyoucouldstillseealovelylight____32____outofthem.Whenshetalkedtoyou,theywerebrightwithawonderfulshinethattoldyoushewas____33____withfaith,love,hope,kindnessandjoy.Ionly____34____herforaminuteortwo,yetIleftfeelingbetter,andhappier.Ionlyhopethatonedaymyownfacewill____35____thesignsthathersdid,showingahappylife,andalovedlife.21.A.ordinary B.accessible C.delightful D.delicate22.A.depressed B.efficient C.tall D.lazy23.A.foot B.image C.back D.dignity24.A.awarded B.covered C.associated D.issued25.A.slowly B.firmly C.finally D.obviously26.A.wondered B.looked C.glared D.pointed27.A.superb B.slight C.typical D.true28.A.long B.common C.reserved D.strange29.A.concern B.attention C.curiosity D.sympathy30.A.rewarded B.motivated C.formed D.integrated31.A.options B.emotions C.smiles D.eyes32.A.escaping B.shining C.dying D.swinging33.A.anxious B.compared C.content D.filled34.A.castoff B.focusedon C.spoketo D.applaudedfor35.A.change B.present C.lose D.improve【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者幾天前在一家商店里遇到了一個女人，雖然她看起來很普通，但是在作者眼里卻很漂亮，因為當(dāng)她看著你的眼睛和你說話時，你可以看到她真正的美麗，她內(nèi)心充滿了信仰、愛、希望、善良和喜悅，作者希望有一天自己的臉也能像她那樣，顯示出幸福的生活和被愛的生活?！即鸢浮?1.A22.C23.C24.B25.A26.B27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.B33.D34.C35.B【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個女人看起來很普通，但在我眼里卻很漂亮。A.ordinary普通的；B.accessible可接近的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.delicate精美的。根據(jù)下文“butshewasveryprettyinmyeyes”可知，上下文語義有轉(zhuǎn)折，下文說作者認為這個女人很漂亮，因此此處指她看起來很普通。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她沒有那么高，最多只有5英尺。A.depressed沮喪的；B.efficient高效的；C.tall高的；D.lazy懶惰的。根據(jù)下文“asshewas5feetatthemost”可知，此處描述這個女人的身高，應(yīng)該指她沒有那么高。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的背也彎了。A.foot腳；B.image形象；C.back背部；D.dignity尊嚴。根據(jù)上文“Shewasn’tthat_____asshewas5feetatthemost.”和下文“Shewasthinandherfacewas______withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun.”可知，本段主要描述這個女人的外形，再結(jié)合空后“wasbent”可推知，此處指她的背也彎了。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她很瘦，由于常年在太陽下工作，臉上布滿了黑色的老年斑。A.awarded授予；B.covered覆蓋；C.associated聯(lián)想；D.issued發(fā)行。根據(jù)上文“herface”和下文“withblackagespotsfromalifetimeofworkinginthesun”可推知，此處描述這個女人的臉部，她的臉應(yīng)該是因為日曬而布滿了黑色的老年斑，固定短語becoveredwith意為“被……覆蓋，充滿著”。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她緩慢而小心地移動著。A.slowly慢慢地；B.firmly堅定地；C.finally最終地；D.obviously明顯地。根據(jù)上文“Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.”和下文“withgreatcare”可推知，這個上了年紀的女人移動時是緩慢而小心的。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)她看著你的眼睛和你說話時，你可以看到她洋溢著真正的美麗。A.wondered想知道；B.looked看；C.glared怒視；D.pointed指向。根據(jù)下文“atyouintheeyeandspoketoyou”可推知，此處指看著你的眼睛和你說話。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)她看著你的眼睛和你說話時，你可以看到她洋溢著真正的美麗。A.superb一流的；B.slight輕微的；C.typical典型的；D.true真正的。根據(jù)上文描述的這個上了年紀的女人外形看上去很普通，身高不高，背彎了，臉上有老年斑，頭發(fā)斑白等，以及表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“However”可知，此處是和上文形成對比，指她擁有超越這些外在的真正的美麗。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的臉上布滿了皺紋，這是長期的艱苦工作和生活的艱辛所導(dǎo)致的。A.long長期的；B.common普通的；C.reserved內(nèi)斂的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)上文“alifetimeofworkinginthesun”和“Shewasatleast80yearsoldandmighthavebeenover90.”可知，這個女人上了年紀，長期在太陽下勞作，因此她的皺紋是由長期的艱苦工作和生活的艱辛所致。故選A。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但引起我注意的是她眼睛周圍的皺紋。A.concern關(guān)切；B.attention注意；C.curiosity好奇心；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)下文“Thesewrinklesweredeepandforever“canyons”thathadbeen______byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter.”可知，作者在仔細描述這個女人眼睛周圍的皺紋，由此推知，這些皺紋引起了她的注意，固定短語catchone’sattention意為“引起某人的注意”。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些皺紋極深，成了永遠的“峽谷”，是由無數(shù)的微笑和一生的笑聲形成的。A.rewarded獎勵；B.motivated激勵；C.formed形成；D.integrated整合。根據(jù)上文“forever“canyons””和下文“byamillionsmilesandalifetimeoflaughter”可知，此處是用“峽谷”來形容這個女人眼睛周圍的皺紋，這些都是因為無數(shù)的微笑和一生的笑聲而形成的。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的眼睛深陷，藏在又厚又沉的眼鏡后面。A.options選擇；B.emotions情感；C.smiles微笑；D.eyes眼睛。根據(jù)下文“hiddenbehindthick,heavyglasses”可推知，藏在又厚又沉的眼鏡后面的是眼睛。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但你仍然可以看到它們發(fā)出美好的光芒。A.escaping逃離；B.shining發(fā)光；C.dying死亡；D.swinging搖擺。根據(jù)上文“alovelylight”和下文“outofthem”可推知，此處指眼睛發(fā)出美好的光芒。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她和你說話的時候，她的雙眼充滿了奇妙的光芒，告訴你她內(nèi)心充滿了信仰、愛、希望、善良和喜悅。A.anxious焦慮的；B.compared比較的；C.content滿足的；D.filled充滿的。根據(jù)上文“thattoldyou”和下文“withfaith,love,hope,kindnessandjoy”可推知，此處是描述這個女人說話時雙眼傳達的訊息，應(yīng)該是她內(nèi)心充滿了信仰、愛、希望、善良和喜悅，固定短語befilledwith意為“充滿”。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我只和她說了一兩分鐘話，但我離開時感覺好多了，也更快樂了。A.castoff擺脫；B.focusedon專注于；C.spoketo對……說話；D.applaudedfor為……鼓掌。根據(jù)上文“Whenshetalkedtoyou”可推知，作者是和她說話了，離開時有了積極的感受。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只希望有一天我自己的臉上也能呈現(xiàn)出她臉上的表情，顯示出幸福的生活和被愛的生活。A.change改變；B.present展示；C.lose失去；D.improve改進。根據(jù)上文“onedaymyownface”和下文“thesignsthathersdid”可推知，作者在表達對自己的美好希望，希望自己的臉可以和這個女人的一樣，呈現(xiàn)那樣美麗的表情。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dieselengines(柴油機)workonthesamebasicprinciples___36___gasolineengines,buttheydotheworkdifferently.Let’stakeacloserlook.Thestoryofthedieselengineactuallybeginswiththeinventionofthegasolineengine.NikolausAugustOtto___37___(invent)thegasolineenginein1861.Hisinventionusedthefour-strokecombustion(四沖程燃燒)principle,alsoknownasthe“OttoCycle”,___38___isthebasisformostcarenginestoday.Initsearlystage,thegasolineenginewasn’tveryefficient,andothermajormethodsoftransportation,suchasthesteamengine,performed___39___(poor)aswell.Onlyabout10percentofthefuel___40___(use)topowerthesetypesofenginesactuallymovedavehicle.Therestofthefuelsimplyproduceduselessheat.RudolfDiese