上海市高考英語(yǔ)選詞填空專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

2024屆上海市高考英語(yǔ)選詞填空專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案【知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備】長(zhǎng)難句分析——確定可能的詞性及形式☆☆☆☆☆“如何判斷橫線(xiàn)上缺什么詞性？”橫線(xiàn)上缺名詞的情況有：(1)如果空格前面為冠詞a/an/the、形容詞或者及物動(dòng)詞，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞；Theyprefertoliveaccordingtothe48observersoftheir17thcenturyEuropeanancestors.Theofficialsrealizedthatthestudentshadalreadyestablisheddigital41.identitiesbythetimetheyenteredcollege…TheVerizonGoogleproposaloffers50suggestionsforadebatethatisnotlikelytoendsoon.如果空格前面是介詞，空格充當(dāng)該介詞的賓語(yǔ)，需填入一個(gè)名詞。Theirdebatestookplacebefore44audienceincornfieldsandcourthousesquares.如果空格后面是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的，且空格前沒(méi)有句子主語(yǔ)，空格處應(yīng)填入該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)(名詞)；46Researchershadtwogroupsof20peopleeachlistentoa30minuterecordingthatincludedasequenceofnumbers.橫線(xiàn)上缺動(dòng)詞的情況有：(1)如果空格前面已經(jīng)有名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)，后面又有名詞或代詞作為動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，且中間無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格處應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞；AbrahamLincolnandStephenDouglas43debatedeachotherseventimesinthesummerandautumnof1858,twoyearsbeforetheybecamepresidentialnominees(總統(tǒng)候選人).如果空格處前面是be動(dòng)詞，后面又無(wú)賓語(yǔ)且句意為被動(dòng)，空格中應(yīng)填及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞；Thefirststepindefeatingthisanxietyisrealizingthattestanxietyisanaturalreaction,andthatitcanbe44minimized.如果空格前面是名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)，后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)或有一個(gè)介詞加賓語(yǔ)，且中間無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空格處應(yīng)填不及物動(dòng)詞；Parents44varygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.如果空格處前面是名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)，后面是形容詞，空格應(yīng)填入系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞；Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill49stayfreshforseveraldays.如果空格處前有不定式標(biāo)志to，空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形；另一種情況to是介詞，后面應(yīng)填入動(dòng)名詞。Forexample,astudentwhochangestheiremailcarrierwillprobablyforgetto49alerttheinstitutiontothechange.橫線(xiàn)上缺形容詞的情況有：(1)如果空格后面為名詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；Theyareeasilyrecognizedbytheir42distinctiveClothing.如果空格處前面是副詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞；Themediaprovideinformationtomillionsofpeople,buttheyarenotyetso46efficientatprovidingleaderswithfeedbackfromthepublic.如果空格處前面是系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞的，空格處可能填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Thisisacitythatknowshowtobeboth49ancientandmodern.如果空格處前面或后面有形容詞且用并列連詞或逗號(hào)連接，空格處應(yīng)該填入形容詞。Theirmindscanservetocreate50expressive＿,plexstructures,evenwhenthereisnoexistinggrammarforthemtocopy.橫線(xiàn)上缺副詞的情況有：(1)如果空格處前面或者后面為動(dòng)詞的，空格處可能填入副詞。Thesestationswill43adequatelypreparehumanstovisitandlaterliveonMarsorotherEarthlikeplanets.(2)如果空格處后面是形容詞的，空格處可能填入副詞。Allrainforestssharecertainfeatures,includingaclosedcanopy,thedensevegetationofthetopbranchesthatformsaroofabovetheforestfloor,adampandwarmclimate,and42relativelyconstanttemperaturesthroughouttheyear.(3)如果空格前面be動(dòng)詞與后面的介詞、形容詞、分詞等可以構(gòu)成完整搭配，空格處填入副詞。Infact,thecityisoneofthemostvibrant,internationalcitiesinEuropeandis43regularlyvotedasoneofthemostdesirableplacestoliveintheworld.Example1emphasizesprincipleenormoushelpingenergizedactiveincreasedabsorbingbenefitsanalyzedtemperateEmphasizingsocialplayandstudentshelpingoneanotherinkindergartenimprovesacademicoutes,selfcontrolandattentionregulation,findsnewUBCresearch.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLoSOne,foundthisapproachtokindergartencurriculumalso___________children'sjoyinlearningandteachers'enjoymentofteaching.GExample2attentioncontroldistanceincreasinglyindependenceloyalnativenutritiousoutlawedpreservedspirituallyMostrecently,Xitumulsaidthatduringthepandemic,peoplewiththeirowngardens,especiallyinlockeddownmunities,feltsecureknowingtheyhad_________overtheirfoodsupply,thankstoamaranth.BExample3alternativebasedbasicmanddemanddesirabledreamedexpandedgranthousedsupervisionMargeryGoldberg,Zenith'sdirector,saidthegoalofthewoodshopis“togetpeoplejobs.”Goldbergisanartist,woodsculptorandlongtimememberoftheD.C.artmunity.Shehadlong____________ofcreatingamobilewoodshoptoassiststudents.Thatdreamfinallycametruein2020,whenthecitygaveheralarge____________fortheprogram....Buildingrelatedjobsarecurrentlyinhigh____________acrosstheUnitedStates.TheU.S.BureauforLaborStatisticsestimatesthatmorethan89,000openingsforcarpenterswillbecreatedeachyearintheU.S.overthenext10years.GIE一詞多性Example1A.bingB.analyzedC.concernD.tremendouslyE.effectiveF.appliedG.actuallyH.monI.limitedJ.assessingK.testProfessorGardnermented,“Whenthereis__________aboutbehavioraldifficultiesinyoungerchildren,ourfindingsshouldneverbeusedasareasontodelayintervention;otherwise,childrenandfamilieswillsufferforlonger.”CExample2accessattendingbuildscuriosityexcitementexploringfaintimprovesinvisiblelivereachTheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillbethepremierspaceobservatory（天文臺(tái)）ofthenextdecadewhenitlaunchesSaturday.ThetelescopeisexpectedtolaunchSaturdaymorningfromFrenchGuianaand__________coveragewillbeavailableonNASA’swebsitebeginningat6a.m.ET.JWritedownthepartsofspeechandmeaningsoftheunderlinedwords.Theexhibitiondisplaysmanyancientmasterpieces.v.展示VanGogh'spaintingsareondisplaytheseday.n.展示W(wǎng)eareencouragedtofacechallengesahead.n.挑戰(zhàn)Sometimes,whenpeoplearebraveenoughtochallengesomeoldfashionedideas,thesocietyimproves.v.挑戰(zhàn)Youallneedtofindapartnertofinishthisproject.n.伙伴Iwillpartnermybestfriend,Aimee,tofinishthisproject.n.與……組隊(duì)一詞多義Example1shrinkingundergopresentlyplantationssatisfyinginnovativeencouragestocksnotablyinvasiveimpactsWarmerwatersalso______toxicmarinebacteria,likeVibrio,togrowandcauseillnessinhumanswheneveringestedwithrawseafood,likeoystersorsashimi.GWritedownthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwords.She'sbeendeliberatelyignoringhimallday.adv.故意地Hespokeslowlyanddeliberatelyonthatgrandoccasion.adv.小心翼翼地Hemadehisfortuneincarsales.n.財(cái)富Heiswonderinghowlonghisgoodfortunecanlast.n.運(yùn)氣Wordcamethattheywonthematch.n.消息Iwillkeepmywordnomatterwhathappens.n.諾言固定搭配Example1accordinglyarousedparesconnectscountsfedpreciselyservesupportswingtransmittedTechnologyhasalsobroughtanewboosttotabletennis.OnJuly27,thesemifinalmatchbetweenChina'sSunYingshaandJapan'sMimaItowasinfull____________attheTokyoMetropolitanGymnasium.Youwouldn'thaveguessedthatbesidesplayers,umpires（裁判員）andaudiences,apowerfulAIplatformwasmonitoringthematch.JExample2analysisbehinddeclinedirtdrivingheldpulledroughlyspecializingsymboltrappedTheirresultsshowedsomethingunexpected:Largemammalslikemammothsandhorseswerealreadyonthe_________beforetheclimatewarmed.CExample3attractivecivilconfirmingdamagingeasedimplementinglikelihoodmixpackagereminderstimulatedTheirlackoftuskswasthoughttobeaconsequenceoftheMozambican____________war,whichlastedfrom1977to1992andwaspartlypaidforbythekillingofelephantsfortheirivory（象牙）.Througha(n)____________ofoldvideofootageandsurveys,heandhiscolleaguesconcludedthataround18%ofthefemaleelephantsinGorongosalackedtusksbeforethewar.Threedecadeslater,afteritwasover,thatnumberhadrisento50%.BH備考啟示：背單詞的時(shí)候注意積累一詞多性、一詞多義、熟詞生義、固定搭配。【解題思路】通讀文章，精讀橫線(xiàn)所在句子，（1）根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析出橫線(xiàn)上可能的詞性及形式；（2）根據(jù)上下文意思推測(cè)橫線(xiàn)上可能的意思。兩者結(jié)合，選出填入之后語(yǔ)法正確、意思合適的單詞。【鞏固練習(xí)】approvalB.invadersC.addressedD.servingE.impactF.responseG.influentialH.rescuedI.mixedJ.potentialK.engagedTheGermanChancellor,AngelaMerkelhasbeennamedTIME’s2015PersonoftheYear.She’sledGermanysince2005andis______1________herthirdtime.“TIME”hasnamedapersonofayearsince1927.Therecipientissomeoneorsomegroupthatforbetterorworseisconsideredtohavehadamajor______2________onworldevents.Itisdecidedbytheeditorsofthe______3________magazine.Lastyearthetitle

wenttoEbolafightersandtheyearbeforethat,PopeFrancis.TIMEMagazinegaveanumberofreasonswhyitchoseMerkel,fromhowshe’shandledEurope'seconomiccrisis,tohowshe’srespondedtoterroristattacksintheregion,tohowshe’s______4________thecontinent'songoingrefugeecrisis.Herhigh______5________ratinginGermanyhasslippedrecentlybecausemanyGermansdon’tagreewithher______6________tothatcrisis.So,thereactioninherhomecountrywas______7________.NancyGibbs,theeditorof

TIME

wrotethattheChancellorwasawardedthetitlefor“askingmoreofhercountrythanmostpoliticianswoulddare,forstandingfirmagains