-備戰(zhàn)2024高考英語完形填空話題訓(xùn)練天氣與氣候（含解析）

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁備戰(zhàn)2024高考考英語完形填空話題分類訓(xùn)練專題35天氣與氣候Passage1Where'swinter?AnumberofcountriesjustwitnessedtheirwarmestJanuaryeverrecorded.It'snotjustyou—Januarywas____1____thanusualformanypartsoftheworld.TheglobaltemperaturelastmonthwaswarmerthaneverypreviousJanuaryonrecord,just____2____outthepreviousrecordfromJanuary2016,theCopernicusClimateChangeServicereported.AndinEurope,itwasthewarmestJanuaryeverrecordedat0.2oCwarmerthanthepreviousrecordin2007,the?EuropeanUnion'ssystemfor____3____theEarthsaid.Theriseisevenmore____4____throughthelensofhistory—____5____totheaverageJanuarytemperatureinthepre-industrialyearsbeforethe20thcentury,itwasabout1.4degreesCelsius(2.7degreesFahrenheit)warmer.Lastmonth,temperaturesinEuropewerewarmerthanthe1981-2010Januaryaverage,especiallyoverpartsofnorthernEurope,thereportsaid.Someareasweremorethan6°Cabovetheaverage,____6____overall,itwas3.1°CwarmerthantheaverageJanuaryinthattimeperiod.ItalsobroughtthewarmestJanuarydayeverrecordedinNorway,whichsawthesecondwarmestJanuaryoverallsince1900.AndinCentralandsouthernFinland,itwasitswarmestJanuaryrecordedsince1961.Theheatwave____7____toseveralpartsofRussia,too.TemperaturesfromeastofGreenlandtothenorthwestofSvalbardwerewarmer,andhadbelow-averagesea-icecover.____8____,lastyearwas0.59°Cwarmerthanthe1981-2010average.That'sthesecondwarmestyearonrecord.Thewarmest12-monthperiodremainsOctober2015toSeptember2016,whereitwas0.66°C____9____1981-2010.Thoseaveragesarepushingglobaltemperatures____10____toredlinessetbybothclimatescientistsandworldleaders.Scientistshave____11____thatglobaltemperaturesshouldbekeptwellbelow2degreesCelsius(3.6degreesFahrenheit)of____12____.Theinternationalcommunity,asoutlinedthroughtheParisClimateAgreement,statedthatparticipatingcountrieswould____13____tokeepglobalwarminglimitedto1.5degreesCelsius.But____14____witharisesincepre-industrialtemperatures,lastmonth'saverageisbetween1.2and1.4degCofwarming—puttingitneartheParisClimateAgreement's____15____.1．A．cooler B．rainier C．sunnier D．toastier2．A．leaving B．edging C．finding D．checking3．A．improving B．revealing C．monitoring D．changing4．A．striking B．unique C．common D．realistic5．A．contrast B．contrary C．subject D．compared6．A．but B．a(chǎn)nd C．or D．furthermore7．A．moved B．occurred C．extended D．stuck8．A．internally B．globally C．partially D．immediately9．A．below B．between C．a(chǎn)bout D．a(chǎn)bove10．A．close B．inferior C．limited D．expanded11．A．a(chǎn)ssumed B．predicted C．warned D．a(chǎn)rgued12．A．declining B．warning C．changing D．decreasing13．A．object B．contribute C．devote D．strive14．A．coupled B．littered C．packed D．matched15．A．regulation B．standard C．ceiling D．normPassage2Iwasalwayscomplainingaboutwindorrain.Althoughitwasnothingunusualforthearrivalofwindorrain,itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere,soI____16____itstrongly.Onarainydayameteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)Imetwasvery____17____atmygreatangercausedbyrainthatmadealittleinconvenienceforme.Heasked,“Haveyoueverseentyphoon?Doyouknowwhatwouldhappentotheworldiftherewerenotyphoon?”Ishookmyhead.Ihadnoexperienceofhowoverwhelmingitwaswhenit____18____everythingawayinitsway.“Well,letmetellyou,”themeteorologistsaid.“Withoutitthe____19____offreshwaterwillbemoreserious,foritisagreat____20____ofwatersupplyonearth.Withoutit,therewouldbeagreaterimbalanceinthedistributionof____21____.Theequatorialareathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth____22____entirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅(qū)散)heat.Withouttyphoonthetropicswouldbeeven____23____whilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder.Asaresultthetemperatezones(溫帶)would____24____fromtheworld...”Ignorancemademe____25____.Idislikedwindonlybecauseitruffled(吹亂)myhair.IhatedrainmerelybecauseIhadtocarryanumbrella.ButIhadnoideaatallthattyphoon—somethingmuchmoreviolent,somethingathousandtimesmore____26____thanwindorrain—wasa(n)____27____totheexistenceofmankind.____28____noroadonearthgoesallthewayonlevelground,there’snopersonintheworldwhocandowhateverhepleases.Wrongasitisforpeopletoguardagainsttyphoon,itisadvisableforamantostoptothinkforamomentbeforehecomplains.“____29____typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”The____30____willkeephimcalmandleadhimclosertotruth—hewillbebetterawareoftheworldhelivesin.16．A．blamed B．refused C．fought D．punished17．A．excited B．puzzled C．delighted D．encouraged18．A．frightened B．washed C．swept D．swung19．A．supply B．shortage C．waste D．a(chǎn)mount20．A．power B．resource C．source D．strength21．A．time B．wealth C．energy D．warmth22．A．moves B．relies C．keeps D．holds23．A．better B．cooler C．hotter D．warmer24．A．remove B．escape C．move D．disappear25．A．shortsighted B．a(chǎn)nxious C．frightened D．worried26．A．frightening B．a(chǎn)ppealing C．disturbing D．exciting27．A．success B．a(chǎn)dvantage C．lead D．must28．A．As B．Since C．While D．When29．A．Whatabout B．Howcome C．Evenif D．Whatif30．A．a(chǎn)nswers B．theories C．complaints D．phenomenaPassage3Throughouthistory,manyliveshavebeenlostatthehandsofsevereweather.Meteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)andscientistsalikearealwaysinvestigatingnewwaystoincreasethewarningtimeforstorms,withthehopeofreducingthe___31___oflives.Inthepastfewdecades,localweatherradaradvancementshavebeenmade,whichallowforbetteraccuracyin___32___thepathsofstorms.MeteorologistsandscientistshavebeenabletosuccessfullytrackseverethunderstormsandpossibletornadoesbyusinganadvancedtrackingsystemcalledNEXRAD(Next-GenerationRadar).NEXRADisatrackingnetwork___33___158Dopplerweatherradars.Andduringastormthishigh-resolutioncomputerized___34___takesreadingsontheamountofprecipitation(降水)intheair,themovementsintheclouds,andthewindspeeds.These___35___arebouncedbacktoalocalweathercomputer,andacolorfulimageappearsonthescreen,givingmeteorologistsaclearpictureofwhatkindofweatherisonthehorizon.Thisfinalimageiswhatyouseewhenthemeteorologistbreaksinwithsevereweatherreportsandwarnings.___36___,onyourtelevisionscreenyouwillseeacomputeranimatedimageoftheapproachingstorm.Ifthestormissevereenough,thentheNationalWeatherService(NWS)will___37___severeweatherreportsofseverethunderstormwarningsforyourarea.___38___,thestormcapturedontheradarwillhaveproducedstrongreadablewinds,detectablelightning,andsomehail(冰雹).Payingattentiontotheweathermapis___39___whensevereweatherisaround.Onthetelevisionscreenyouwillseeseveralcolorsontheprecipitationmap,___40___fromblue(thelightest)toblack(theheaviest).Ifthecolorsforyour___41___areaareyellow,takecaution.Ifthecolorsrangebetweenorangeandred,takecoverimmediately,asdamagingwindsanddangerouslightninghavebeenreported.WhenlocalweatherradarinAtlanta,Georgiareportedhighwinds,___42___windpatternsandlargehailearlierthisyear,theNationalWeatherServiceissuedatornado___43___.Meteorologistsintheareausedthecollecteddatatopredictwhatpaththestormwouldtake,___44___whichareasneededtobewarned.Thankstothistechnology,mostresidentsreceivedthesevereweatherreportsearlyenoughtoseek___45___beforethestormhit.Payingattentiontoyourlocalweathersourceduringsevereweatherplaysavitalroleinyoursafety.31．A．loss B．increase C．protection D．value32．A．changing B．controlling C．predicting D．guiding33．A．facedwith B．exposedto C．involvedin D．madeupof34．A．structure B．system C．mode D．style35．A．figures B．data C．readings D．statistics36．A．Mostlikely B．Mostevidently C．Mostinterestingly D．Mostimportantly37．A．decide B．estimate C．handle D．issue38．A．Bytheway B．Inthatcase C．Tosomeextent D．Onthecontrary39．A．vital B．reasonable C．normal D．a(chǎn)vailable40．A．expanding B．spreading C．ranging D．extending41．A．proper B．specific C．typical D．regular42．A．straight B．unique C．general D．circular43．A．process B．threat C．warning D．sign44．A．indicating B．recognizing C．revealing D．recommending45．A．rescue B．residence C．support D．shelterPassage4AsourEarth’stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld’sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto_____46_____thelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe_____47_____ofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea_____48_____deathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe_____49_____ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto_____50_____,andinsomecases,theforestsare_____51_____permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso_____52_____toattacksbybacteria(細(xì)菌).Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas_____53_____canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave_____54_____theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe______55______treesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,______56______thevarietyofthosesystems.______57______,someendangeredspeciesareunableto______58______anddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller______59______poorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations______60______outonthewondersofforests?46．A．protect B．prevent C．save D．free47．A．movement B．situation C．process D．operation48．A．higher B．firmer C．lighter D．smaller49．A．choice B．measure C．qualification D．chance50．A．grow B．rescue C．recover D．decline51．A．ignored B．lost C．hurt D．left52．A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．enjoyable C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．favorable53．A．a(chǎn)ttention B．command C．trust D．support54．A．frightened B．paid C．ruined D．wasted55．A．common B．original C．distant D．strong56．A．a(chǎn)ffecting B．improving C．forgetting D．reflecting57．A．Besides B．Surprisingly C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately58．A．devote B．keep C．a(chǎn)dapt D．lead59．A．dueto B．inadditionto C．insteadof D．inspiteof60．A．pass B．miss C．break D．bringPassage5IfyouliketotakeawalkinthewoodsintheUnitedStatesoryouprefertodecorateatreeatChristmas,youshouldknowthatclimatechangeismakingbothofthoseactivitiesalotmore_____61_____.Lookingattwo_____62_____andeconomicallyimportantspecies-theDouglasfirandthePonderosapine-scientistsfoundthatfiresanddrought______63______byclimatechangemakenewgrowthdifficult,especiallyinlow-elevationforests,accordingtoastudypublishedMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.SomeforestsinfourregionsinCalifornia,Colorado,theNorthernRockiesandthesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStateshavecrossed''a(n)_____64_____climatetipping(轉(zhuǎn)折)pointforpost-firetreegeneration,''thestudysays.Climateconditionsoverthepast20yearshave______65______changesthatwouldhavetakendecadesorevencenturiesto_____66_____acrossbroadregionsofthecountry.Thisisleadingtothesudden______67______oftreesandmakingtheselandsincreasinglyunsuitablefortreeregeneration.''Climatechangesis______68______ourforestsnow,notjustinsomedistantfuture.Maybeinareaswheretherearereally______69______seedsources,therecouldbesometrees,butitisbecomingreallyhardtogetthesetreesbackduetoclimatechange,''saidstudyco-authorKimDavis.Theproblemprobablywon'tgetanybetter,asclimatechangeismakingintensewildfiresmuchmore_______70_______.Westernforesterssaythereusedtobeafireseason.Butdevastatingand______71______fireshavebecomearealityallyearlong.In2018,firecostCaliforniamorethan$9.05billion,accordingtotheUSAinsurancecommissioner,thedeadliestandmostdestructivewildfiresseasoninthe________72________history.Ahighernumberoffiresandlowseedavailabilitymeansahighprobabilitythatthesetreesintheseregionswon'tcomeback,Davissaid.Thisstudy_______73_______onthedriestandhottestareasoftheWesternforests,butresearcherswillnexttrytofocusonhowmuchwillbeimpacted.______74______,therearesomethingspeoplecandotoeasesomeofthisproblem.Forestmanagementplansthatreducehigh-severityburnscanhelp.Increasingly,forestmanagersareconsideringallowingsomefirestoburnundermoremoderateconditions,Davissaid,Forest_______75_______.61．A．convenient B．difficult C．encouraging D．frustrating62．A．ecologically B．a(chǎn)pparently C．physically D．financially63．A．destroyed B．worsened C．extended D．established64．A．necessary B．enormous C．critical D．invisible65．A．a(chǎn)ccelerated B．delayed C．eliminated D．strengthened66．A．transform B．spread C．preserve D．escape67．A．extinction B．decline C．tragedy D．increase68．A．sustaining B．a(chǎn)bandoning C．facilitating D．endangering69．A．sufficient B．limited C．moderate D．a(chǎn)pproximate70．A．occasional B．common C．essential D．temporary71．A．a(chǎn)stonishing B．hopeless C．costly D．irreversible72．A．world B．state C．human D．forest73．A．concentrated B．depended C．insisted D．commented74．A．Asaresult B．Forexample C．Infact D．What’smore75．A．savers B．managers C．researchers D．a(chǎn)dvocatesPassage6Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD．Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheParisagreementtofightclimatechangebecameinternationallawFriday.Thelandmarkdealaimstodealwithglobalwarmingamonggrowing__76__thattheworldisbecominghotterevenfasterthanscientistsexpected.Sofar,96countries,accountingforjustovertwo-thirdsoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions,haveformallyjoinedtheagreement,which___77___tolimitglobalwarmingthiscenturyto2degreesCelsius(3.6degreesFahrenheit)abovewhatitwasbeforemachinesand__78__appearedinthelate1700s.TheUnitedStates___79___enteredintotheagreementinSeptember,andmorecountriesareexpectedtocomeaboardinthecomingweeksandmonths.UnitedNationsSecretaryGeneralBan-KiMooncelebratedtheevent,talkingwithnongovernmentalgroupsatU.N.headquartersinNewYorktoheartheirconcernsand__80__forthefuture.“Thisisanemotionalmomentforme.Itisacredittoallofyou.Anditis___81___fortheworld,”Bansaidinhisopeningremarks.Hepraisedthe___82___forgettinghundredsofmillionsofpeopletobackfightingclimatechangebut__83__theoutcomeremaineduncertain.“Wearestillinarace___84___time.Weneedtomoveontoalow-emissionandclimate-sustainablefuture,”Banadded.Scientistspraisedthespeedatwhichtheagreement,signedby192partieslastDecemberinParis,hascomeintoforce,sayingitshowsanewcommitmentbytheinternationalcommunityto__85__aproblemthatismeltingpolaricecaps,sendingsealevels___86___andtransformingvastareasintodesert.“___87___therealeffectoftheagreementafteritgoesintoeffectisstilluncertain,itisasimplesignthattheinternationalsocietyismuchmoreopentoaltereconomicandpoliticalbehaviortocontrolclimatechange,whichis___88___positive,”saidFengQi,executivedirectoroftheSchoolofEnvironmentalandSustainabilitySciencesatKeanUniversityinNewJersey.Scientistsand___89___saytheagreementisthefirststepofamuchlongerandcomplicatedprocessofreducingtheuseoffossilfuels,whichcurrently___90___themajorityoftheplanet’senergyneedsandalsoaretheprimarydriversofglobalwarming.76．A．a(chǎn)pplicants B．fears C．observations D．comments77．A．seeks B．a(chǎn)llows C．a(chǎn)ssumes D．seizes78．A．institutions B．laboratories C．committees D．factories79．A．formally B．instantly C．particularly D．generally80．A．prejudices B．a(chǎn)pproaches C．visions D．concepts81．A．spiritual B．historic C．a(chǎn)ppropriate D．valueless82．A．a(chǎn)greements B．groups C．headquarters D．emissions83．A．a(chǎn)pologized B．denied C．warned D．overlooked84．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．on C．for D．without85．A．a(chǎn)void B．find C．a(chǎn)ddress D．ignore86．A．falling B．rising C．disappearing D．remaining87．A．Until B．Since C．If D．While88．A．undernocircumstances B．onthecontraryC．innocase D．byallmeans89．A．officers B．policymakers C．employers D．technicians90．A．remove B．preserve C．supply D．restore答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages2020頁參考答案：1．D2．B3．C4．A5．D6．A7．C8．B9．D10．A11．C12．B13．D14．A15．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。據(jù)報道，今年一月份很多地方的氣溫比有記錄以來的每一個一月份都要高。平均溫度上升1.2至1.4攝氏度，接近《巴黎氣候協(xié)議》設(shè)定的上限：1.5攝氏度。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對世界上許多地方來說，一月比往常更加溫暖舒適。A.cooler更涼爽的；B.rainier更多雨的；C.sunnier陽光更充足的；D.toastier更溫暖舒適的。根據(jù)下一句中的“TheglobaltemperaturelastmonthwaswarmerthaneverypreviousJanuaryonrecord”可知，一月份比歷史上其他同等月份更溫暖。故選D。2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)哥白尼氣候變化服務(wù)中心報道，上個月的全球氣溫比有記錄以來的每一個一月份都要高，超過了2016年1月的記錄。A.leaving離開；B.edging徐徐移動；C.finding發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到；D.checking核對，檢查。根據(jù)前面的“warmer”可知，上個月的溫度超過了2016年一月份的溫度。edgeout意為“勝出，險勝”。故選B。3．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：歐盟監(jiān)測地球的系統(tǒng)稱，在歐洲，這是有記錄以來最熱的一月，比2007年的前記錄高出0.2攝氏度。A.improving提高，改善；B.revealing透露；C.monitoring監(jiān)視，監(jiān)聽，監(jiān)測；D.changing改變。前文介紹了一月份溫度的變化趨勢，這種變化應(yīng)該是歐聯(lián)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)測地球的系統(tǒng)得出的結(jié)論。故選C。4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從歷史的角度看，這種增長更加引人注目。A.striking顯著的，驚人的；B.unique獨一無二的；C.common常見的；D.realistic現(xiàn)實的。根據(jù)后文“______totheaverageJanuarytemperatureinthepre-industrialyearsbeforethe20thcentury,itwasabout1.4degreesCelsius(2.7degreesFahrenheit)warmer”可知，一月份溫度比20世紀(jì)前一月份的平均氣溫高了很多。因此，這種溫度的上升更加引人注目。故選A。5．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從歷史的角度來看，這一上升更為引人注目—與20世紀(jì)前工業(yè)化時代1月份的平均氣溫相比，上升了約1.4攝氏度(2.7華氏度)。A.contrast對比，差異；B.contrary相反的，相對的；C.subject受……影響的；D.compared比較的，對照的?！癬______totheaverageJanuarytemperatureinthepre-industrialyearsbeforethe20thcentury”作狀語，所以排除A選項，而且此處是和20世紀(jì)前工業(yè)時代一月份的平均氣溫作比較。故選D。6．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：一些地區(qū)比平均水平高出6°C以上，但總體而言，比同期1月的平均水平高出3.1°C。A.but但是；B.and和，并且；C.or或者；D.furthermore而且。前一句提到地區(qū)溫度平均上升6°C。后一句提總體而言，一月份溫度平均上升3.1°C。前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：熱浪也蔓延到了俄羅斯的幾個地區(qū)。A.moved移動；B.occurred發(fā)生；C.extended延展；D.stuck刺，戳，粘貼。根據(jù)too可知，熱浪不僅在芬蘭中部和南部出現(xiàn)，而且還蔓延到了俄羅斯的部分區(qū)域。故選C。8．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在全球范圍內(nèi)，去年的溫度比1981-2010年的平均溫度高0.59°C。A.internally內(nèi)部地，國內(nèi)地；B.globally全球地；C.partially部分地，偏袒地；D.immediately立即地，馬上地。根據(jù)該段中的“globaltemperatures”可知，該段敘述的是全球溫度的變化。故選B。9．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：最熱的12個月是2015年10月至2016年9月，比1981-2010年高出0.66°C。A.below在……下面；B.between在……之間；C.about關(guān)于；D.above勝過，高于。根據(jù)該句中的“warmest”可知，最熱的12個月是2015年10月至2016年9月。因此這段時期的溫度比1981-2010年的平均值高0.66°C。故選D。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些平均值正將全球氣溫推近氣候科學(xué)家和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人設(shè)定的紅線。A.close近的，關(guān)系密切的；B.inferior差的，下級的；C.limited有限的；D.expanded擴充的，展開的。根據(jù)語境可知，這些平均值使得全球氣溫離科學(xué)家和世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人設(shè)定的紅線越來越近。故選A。11．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家們警告說，全球氣溫上升應(yīng)保持在2攝氏度(3.6華氏度)以下。A.assumed假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；B.predicted預(yù)測；C.warned警告；D.argued爭論。根據(jù)上文可知，全球氣溫越來越接近科學(xué)家們設(shè)定的紅線，這是一種危險的趨勢。因此，該句指科學(xué)家們“警告說”全球氣溫應(yīng)保持在2攝氏度(3.6華氏度)以下。故選C。12．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家們警告說，全球變暖溫度上升應(yīng)保持在2攝氏度(3.6華氏度)以下。A.declining下降，減少；B.warning警告；C.changing改變；D.decreasing減少，縮減。上文介紹的是一月份溫度上升的情況。再結(jié)合下一句中的“globalwarming”可知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為全球變暖溫度上升應(yīng)保持在2攝氏度以下。故選B。13．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：國際社會通過《巴黎氣候協(xié)定》表示，參與國將努力將全球變暖控制在1.5攝氏度以內(nèi)。A.object反對；B.contribute為……做貢獻；C.devote致力于，奉獻于；D.strive努力，奮斗。前一句提到，科學(xué)家們警告說，全球氣溫上升應(yīng)保持在2攝氏度(3.6華氏度)以下。因此，參與國應(yīng)努力把全球變暖控制在1.5攝氏度以內(nèi)。故選D。14．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但再加上工業(yè)化前氣溫的上升，上個月的平均氣溫上升了1.2至1.4攝氏度，接近《巴黎氣候協(xié)議》(ParisClimateAgreement)的上限。A.coupled成對，組對；B.littered亂丟；C.packed打包；D.matched敵得過，和……匹配。現(xiàn)在的溫度上升再加上工業(yè)化前氣溫的上升，兩者導(dǎo)致個月的平均氣溫上升了1.2至1.4攝氏度。coupledwith意為“加上，外加”。故選A。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但再加上工業(yè)化前氣溫的上升，上個月的平均氣溫上升了1.2至1.4攝氏度，接近《巴黎氣候協(xié)議》(ParisClimateAgreement)的上限。A.regulation規(guī)則；B.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；C.ceiling上限，天花板；D.norm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“participatingcountrieswould_______tokeepglobalwarminglimitedto1.5degreesCelsius”可知，《巴黎氣候協(xié)議》中，溫度上升的上限是1.5攝氏度，1.2至1.4攝氏度接近了這個上限。故選C。16．A17．B18．C19．B20．C21．D22．B23．C24．D25．A26．C27．D28．A29．D30．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者總是抱怨風(fēng)或雨，因為它們給自己造成了不便，直到作者聽到氣象學(xué)家解釋臺風(fēng)的重要作用后，才意識到自己目光短淺，認(rèn)識到臺風(fēng)——比風(fēng)或雨更猛烈，比風(fēng)或雨更令人不安一千倍的東西——是人類生存所必須的。16．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然刮風(fēng)下雨并沒有什么不正常的，但它給我的外出帶來了不便，有時甚至造成了一種糟糕的氣氛，所以我強烈地責(zé)怪它。A.blamed責(zé)備；B.refused拒絕；C.fought打架；D.punished懲罰。根據(jù)上文“itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere”可知糟糕的天氣給作者帶來了不便，因此作者責(zé)怪天氣。故選A。17．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個下雨天，我遇到一位氣象學(xué)家，他對我因為下雨給我?guī)硪稽c不便而大發(fā)雷霆很是不解。A.excited激動的；B.puzzled困惑的，不解的；C.delighted高興的；D.encouraged受到鼓舞的。根據(jù)后文“atmygreatangercausedbyrainthatmadealittleinconvenienceforme”結(jié)合后文氣象學(xué)家解釋下雨的作用，可知氣象學(xué)家對于作者責(zé)備天氣感到困惑。故選B。18．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來沒有經(jīng)歷過，當(dāng)它把一切都卷走的時候，它是多么的勢不可擋。A.frightened使害怕；B.washed清洗；C.swept清掃，席卷；D.swung搖擺。根據(jù)常識和后文“everythingawayinitsway”可知，臺風(fēng)會把一切卷走，sweepaway“一掃而空”。故選C。19．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的短缺將會更嚴(yán)重，因為它是地球上水供應(yīng)的一大來源。A.supply供給；B.shortage缺乏；C.waste廢物；D.amount數(shù)量。根據(jù)后文“freshwaterwillbemoreserious”可知沒有臺風(fēng)，淡水的短缺會更嚴(yán)重。故選B。20．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的短缺將會更嚴(yán)重，因為它是地球上水供應(yīng)的一大來源。A.power力量；B.resource資源；C.source來源；D.strength力量。根據(jù)后文“ofwatersupplyonearth”指臺風(fēng)是地球水供應(yīng)的來源，應(yīng)用source。故選C。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，熱量的分布就會出現(xiàn)更大的不平衡。A.time時間；B.wealth財富；C.energy能量；D.warmth溫暖，熱量。結(jié)合后文提到?jīng)]有臺風(fēng)，熱帶地區(qū)會更熱，而寒帶會更冷，可知沒有臺風(fēng)，熱量的分布就會出現(xiàn)更大的不平衡。故選D。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：地球上日照最多的赤道地區(qū)完全依靠臺風(fēng)來散熱。A.moves移動；B.relies依靠；C.keeps保持；D.holds持有。根據(jù)地理知識和后文“entirelyontyphoontodisperseheat”指赤道地區(qū)依靠臺風(fēng)散熱，rely符合語境。故選B。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有臺風(fēng)，熱帶地區(qū)會更熱，而寒帶會更冷。A.better更好的；B.cooler更涼爽的；C.hotter更熱的；D.warmer更溫暖的。根據(jù)后文“whilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder”可知熱帶更熱，寒帶更冷。故選C。24．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果就是，溫帶將從世界上消失……A.remove去除；B.escape逃走；C.move移動；D.disappear消失。根據(jù)上文提到寒帶更冷，熱帶更熱和后文“fromtheworld”可知，此處是指溫帶從世界上消失，disappear符合語境。故選D。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無知使我目光短淺。A.shortsighted目光短淺的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.frightened害怕的；D.worried擔(dān)心的。結(jié)合上文可知作者僅僅因為天氣給自己造成了不便就責(zé)備天氣，沒有意識到下雨的重要作用，可見此處指無知使作者目光短淺。故選A。26．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我根本不知道臺風(fēng)——比風(fēng)或雨更猛烈，比風(fēng)或雨更令人不安一千倍的東西——是人類生存所必須的。A.frightening令人恐懼的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.disturbing令人不安的；D.exciting激動的。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasalwayscomplainingaboutwindorrain.”可知作者本來抱怨刮風(fēng)下雨，而臺風(fēng)是比風(fēng)或雨更令人不安一千倍的東西。故選C。27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我根本不知道臺風(fēng)——比風(fēng)或雨更猛烈，比風(fēng)或雨更令人不安一千倍的東西——是人類生存所必須的。A.success成功；B.advantage優(yōu)勢；C.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；D.must必須的事物。根據(jù)后文“totheexistenceofmankind”以及上文介紹的臺風(fēng)的作用，可知臺風(fēng)是人類生存所必須的。故選D。28．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：就像世界上沒有一條路是平坦的一樣，世界上也沒有一個人可以隨心所欲。A.As正如，像……一樣；B.Since自從；C.While雖然；D.When當(dāng)……時候。引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“像……一樣”應(yīng)用as。故選A。29．考查固定短語辨析。句意：如果臺風(fēng)全部消失了怎么辦？A.Whatabout怎么樣；B.Howcome怎么會；C.Evenif即使；D.Whatif假設(shè)……將會怎么樣。根據(jù)后文“typhoondisappearedalltogether”可知是在假設(shè)臺風(fēng)如果全部消失會怎么樣，whatif符合語境。故選D。30．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：答案會讓他保持冷靜，引導(dǎo)他更接近真理——他會更好地了解他所生活的世界。A.answers答案；B.theories理論；C.complaints投訴；D.phenomena現(xiàn)象。上文“typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”提出了兩個問題，所以此處是指問題的答案。故選A。31．A32．C33．D34．B35．C36．A37．D38．B39．A40．C41．B42．D43．C44．A45．D【解析】這是一篇說明文。氣象學(xué)家和科學(xué)家們一直在研究增加天氣預(yù)警時間的新方法，以期減少生命損失。天氣雷達(dá)技術(shù)的進步，尤其是NEXRAD這種雷達(dá)體系，能夠更準(zhǔn)確及時地預(yù)報不同程度的天氣狀況，進而給人們警告，讓人們采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆婪洞胧?1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：氣象學(xué)家和科學(xué)家們一直在研究增加風(fēng)暴預(yù)警時間的新方法，以期減少生命損失。A.loss失去；B.increase增長；C.protection保護；D.value價值。根據(jù)上文“Throughouthistory,manyliveshavebeenlostatthehandsofsevereweather.”可知，歷史上，許多人死于惡劣天氣。結(jié)合此句句意，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該是研究新方法減少生命的損失，故選A。32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的幾十年里，當(dāng)?shù)氐奶鞖饫走_(dá)已經(jīng)取得了進步，這使得預(yù)報風(fēng)暴路徑的精確度更高。A.changing改變；B.controlling控制；C.predicting預(yù)測；D.guiding指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)此句句意可知，天氣雷達(dá)技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了進步，所以“預(yù)報”的精確度更高，故選C。33．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：NEXRAD是一個由158個多普勒天氣雷達(dá)組成的跟蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)。A.facedwith面對；B.exposedto暴露；C.involvedin包含在……，與……有關(guān)；D.madeupof組成。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空是過去分詞作atrackingnetwork的后置定語，結(jié)合空后賓語以及選項可知，此處表示“一個由158個多普勒天氣雷達(dá)組成的跟蹤網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。故選D。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在暴風(fēng)雨中，這個高分辨率的計算機系統(tǒng)讀取空氣中的降水量、云層的運動和風(fēng)速。A.structure結(jié)構(gòu)；B.system體系；C.mode方式，風(fēng)格；D.style方式，樣式。上文“MeteorologistsandscientistshavebeenabletosuccessfullytrackseverethunderstormsandpossibletornadoesbyusinganadvancedtrackingsystemcalledNEXRAD(Next-GenerationRadar).”提到了使用這種被稱作NEXRAD的先進的追蹤系統(tǒng)，用這個系統(tǒng)，氣象學(xué)家和科學(xué)家已經(jīng)能夠成功地跟蹤嚴(yán)重的雷暴和可能的龍卷風(fēng)，所以此處指的就是這個系統(tǒng)。故選B。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些讀數(shù)被傳回當(dāng)?shù)氐臍庀笥嬎銠C，屏幕上會出現(xiàn)一幅彩色圖像，讓氣象學(xué)家清楚地了解地平線上的天氣情況。A.figures數(shù)字；B.data數(shù)據(jù)；C.readings讀數(shù)；D.statistics統(tǒng)計數(shù)字。上文“Andduringastormthishigh-resolutioncomputerized4takesreadingsontheamountofprecipitation(降水)intheair,themovementsintheclouds,andthewindspeeds.”提到這種體系讀取空氣中的降水量、云層的運動和風(fēng)速這些數(shù)據(jù)，所以此處指的就是把這些傳回當(dāng)?shù)氐臍庀笥嬎銠C的讀數(shù)。故選C。36．考查副詞短語辨析。句意：很有可能，在你的電視屏幕上，你會看到電腦模擬的未來風(fēng)暴的圖像。A.Mostlikely很有可能地；B.Mostevidently最明顯地；C.Mostinterestingly最有趣地；D.Mostimportantly最重要地。副詞修飾整句話，根據(jù)這句話句意和選項，可知此處表示的是，很有可能，你會在電視上看到電腦模擬的天氣圖像。故選A。37．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果風(fēng)暴足夠嚴(yán)重，那么國家氣象局（NWS）將為你所在地區(qū)發(fā)布嚴(yán)重雷暴警告的惡劣天氣報告。A.decide決定；B.estimate估計；C.handle處理；D.issue宣布；公布。根據(jù)此句句意以及空后賓語severeweatherreports“惡劣天氣報告”，可知，此處表示有很嚴(yán)重風(fēng)暴時，國家氣象局會“發(fā)布”惡劣天氣報告，故選D。38．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：如果這樣的話，雷達(dá)捕捉到的風(fēng)暴將產(chǎn)生強大的可讀數(shù)的風(fēng)、可探測的閃電和一些冰雹。A.Bytheway順便說；B.Inthatcase在那種情況下；如果這樣的話；C.Tosomeextent在某種程度上；D.Onthecontrary正相反。根據(jù)上文“Ifthestormissevereenough,thentheNationalWeatherService(NWS)will7severeweatherreportsofseverethunderstormwarningsforyourarea.”可知，雷達(dá)可以監(jiān)測風(fēng)暴情況，如果有嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)暴，國家氣象局就會發(fā)布嚴(yán)重風(fēng)暴的天氣報告，如果這樣的話，這些報告會預(yù)測風(fēng)暴將會引起怎樣的風(fēng)以及閃電，也就是通過雷達(dá)技術(shù)，會預(yù)測到風(fēng)暴會產(chǎn)生的強風(fēng)的風(fēng)力和風(fēng)速（就是readablewinds可讀數(shù)的風(fēng)，也就是可測風(fēng)力和風(fēng)向的風(fēng))和閃電（就是detectablelightning可檢測的閃電）。故選B。39．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)惡劣天氣來臨時，注意天氣圖是至關(guān)重要的。A.vital重要的；B.reasonable合理的；C.normal正常的；D.available可使用的，有空的。根據(jù)此句句意可知，此處表示，嚴(yán)重風(fēng)暴來臨時，注意天氣圖是至關(guān)重要的，這會讓你清楚風(fēng)暴的具體情況，進而做出合適的應(yīng)對。故選A。40．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在電視屏幕上，你會看到降水圖上有幾種顏色，從藍(lán)色（最輕）到黑色（最重）。A.expanding擴大，增加；B.spreading展開，打開；C.ranging(在一定的范圍內(nèi))變化，變動；D.extending延伸。根據(jù)空前句意，你可以看到降水圖上的幾種顏色，以及空后“fromblue(thelightest)toblack(theheaviest)”可知，此處表示的是這些顏色的變化范圍。故選C。41．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你所在的特定區(qū)域的顏色是黃色，請小心。A.proper合適的；B.specific特定的；C.typical典型的；D.regular規(guī)則的，定期的。根據(jù)此句句意可知，此處表示的是你所在的特定區(qū)域。故選B。42．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今年早些時候，當(dāng)喬治亞州亞特蘭大的當(dāng)?shù)靥鞖饫走_(dá)報告有強風(fēng)、環(huán)形風(fēng)和大冰雹時，國家氣象局發(fā)布了龍卷風(fēng)警報。A.straight直的；B.unique獨一無二的；C.general普遍的，總的；D.circular圓形的，環(huán)形的。根據(jù)下文“theNationalWeatherServiceissuedatornado13”可知，氣象局發(fā)布的龍卷風(fēng)警報，既然是龍卷風(fēng)，應(yīng)該是環(huán)形風(fēng)。故選D。43．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參見上題。A.process過程；B.threat威脅；C.warning警告；D.sign指示牌；跡象。根據(jù)此句句意，雷達(dá)報告有強風(fēng)、環(huán)形風(fēng)和大冰雹時。由此可知，國家氣象局應(yīng)會根據(jù)這些跡象，發(fā)布龍卷風(fēng)警告。故選C。44．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：該地區(qū)的氣象學(xué)家利用收集到的數(shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測風(fēng)暴將經(jīng)過的路徑，指出哪些地區(qū)需要預(yù)警。A.indicating表明，指出；B.recognizing認(rèn)出，識別；C.revealing揭示，顯示；D.recommending推薦。根據(jù)空前“Meteorologistsintheareausedthecollecteddatatopredictwhatpaththestormwouldtake”可知，該地區(qū)的氣象學(xué)家預(yù)測風(fēng)暴將經(jīng)過的路徑，這樣就可以指出哪些地區(qū)需要預(yù)警，故選A。45．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：多虧了這項技術(shù)，大多數(shù)居民提前收到惡劣天氣報告，以便在風(fēng)暴來襲前找到避難所。A.rescue營救；B.residence住所；C.support支持；D.shelter避難處，住處。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示多虧了這項技術(shù)，大多數(shù)居民提前收到惡劣天氣報告，這樣就可以在風(fēng)暴來襲之前找到“避難所”。故選D。46．B47．C48．A49．D50．C51．B52．A53．D54．C55．B56．A57．D58．C59．A60．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了由于氣候變化，地球溫度上升，這對我們世界的森林產(chǎn)生了意想不到的影響。先是溫度上升導(dǎo)致樹木矮小，生長緩慢，死亡率高；其次，氣候變化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火導(dǎo)致了森林的消失，因此以森林為“家”的物種被迫發(fā)生改變，甚至死亡。46．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)溫度上升時，樹木會將樹皮閉合，以防止水分流失，而這反過來又會減慢光合作用的進程。A.protect保護；B.preve