β-環(huán)糊精包合有機硫化物的基礎研究的綜述報告

β-環(huán)糊精包合有機硫化物的基礎研究的綜述報告Introductionβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)isacyclicoligosaccharidecomposedofsevenglucoseunits.Ithasahydrophobiccavityinitsstructure,whichcanbeutilizedtoencapsulateandprotectdifferenttypesofguestmolecules.Amongthem,organicsulfurcompounds(OSCs)havebeenextensivelystudiedduetotheirimportanceinbiology,food,agriculture,andindustry.β-CDcanformstableinclusioncomplexeswithOSCs,enhancingtheirsolubility,bioavailability,andstability.Inthisreview,wesummarizethebasicresearchonβ-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCs,includingthemechanisms,methods,properties,andapplications.Mechanismsofβ-CDInclusionComplexationwithOSCsThemechanismsofβ-CDinclusioncomplexationwithOSCscanbeattributedtothreefactors:hydrophobicity,sterichindrance,andhydrogenbonding.OSCsusuallyhavehighhydrophobicityduetothepresenceofsulfuratoms,whichcanleadtotheirlowsolubilityinaqueousmedia.Thehydrophobiccavityofβ-CDcanaccommodatethehydrophobicpartofOSCs,reducingtheirhydrophobicityandincreasingtheiraqueoussolubility.Thesterichindrancebetweenβ-CDandOSCscanalsoplayakeyroleintheformationofinclusioncomplexes.ThesizeandshapeofOSCsmustmatchthesizeandshapeoftheβ-CDcavitytoformastablecomplex.Finally,hydrogenbondingbetweenβ-CDandOSCscanfurtherstabilizetheircomplexation.Thehydroxylgroupsofβ-CDcanformhydrogenbondswiththefunctionalgroupsofOSCs,suchasthesulfuratomortheoxygenatomofthiolorsulfoxidegroups.Methodsofβ-CDInclusionComplexationwithOSCsTherearevariousmethodstoprepareβ-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCs.Themostcommonmethodisthekneadingmethod,whichinvolvesmixingtheβ-CDandOSCswithasmallamountofwaterorsolvent,followedbykneadinganddrying.Thismethodcanproducearelativelypureandstableinclusioncomplex,butitrequiresalongprocessingtimeandmayhavelowyield.Anothermethodistheco-evaporationmethod,whichinvolvesdissolvingtheβ-CDandOSCsinasuitablesolvent,followedbyevaporatinganddrying.Thismethodcanproduceahighyieldandgoodstability,butitmayhavelowpurityandrequirecarefulcontrolofthesolventevaporationrate.Othermethodsincludetheco-grindingmethod,thefreeze-dryingmethod,andthespray-dryingmethod,whichcanhaveadvantagesanddisadvantagesdependingonthespecificOSCandβ-CDused.Propertiesofβ-CDInclusionComplexationwithOSCsThepropertiesofβ-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCsdependonseveralfactors,suchasthesizeandshapeoftheOSC,theconcentrationandratioofβ-CDandOSC,andthepreparationmethod.Generally,β-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCscanhaveimprovedsolubility,stability,andbioavailabilitycomparedtothefreeOSCs.Thesolubilitycanbeincreasedbyseveralordersofmagnitude,dependingonthedegreeofcomplexation.ThestabilitycanbeincreasedbyprotectingtheOSCfromoxidation,hydrolysis,orotherchemicalreactions.ThebioavailabilitycanbeincreasedbyenhancingtheOSCabsorptionandretentioninvivo,leadingtobettertherapeuticornutritionaleffects.Applicationsofβ-CDInclusionComplexationwithOSCsTheapplicationsofβ-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCsarediverseandwidespread.Infoodindustry,β-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCscanbeusedasflavorenhancers,preservatives,orcolorants.Theycanalsobeusedtoincreasethewater-solubilityandbioavailabilityofnutraceuticals,suchasvitamins,polyphenols,andcarotenoids.Inpharmaceuticalindustry,β-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCscanbeusedtoimprovethepharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamicsofdrugs,suchasanticanceragents,antibiotics,andanti-inflammatoryagents.Theycanalsobeusedtoformulatesustained-releaseortargeteddrugdeliverysystems.Inagricultureandenvironment,β-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCscanbeusedaspesticides,herbicides,orfungicideswithreducedtoxicityandenhancedefficacy.Theycanalsobeusedtoremoveorrecoverheavymetalsororganicpollutantsfromwastewaterorsoil.Conclusionβ-CDinclusioncomplexeswithOSCshavebeenextensivelystudiedandappliedinvariousfields.Theirformationmechanisms,preparationmethods,properties,andapplicationshavebeeninvestigatedanddemonstrated.However,therearestillchallengesandopportunitiesforfurtherresearch,suchasimprovingthestabilityandsc