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AcademicEnglish智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案2024年AcademicEnglishFoodismovingalongtheesophagusby_________,wave-likecontractionsofthemusclesinthewallsoftheesophagus()

A:severB:neutralizeC:churnD:peristalsis答案:peristalsisMorebroadly,dirtywaterandair,andpoor_______arethemostcommonpreventablecausesofdeath.()

A:hygieneB:sanitationC:surveillanceD:environment答案:sanitationInthepartofmethods,youneedtodetailtheresearchdesignandtheprocedures(thestepsundertakentoaddresstheresearchquestions,materials,andtools).Itisalsoworthnotingthatethicalconsiderationsareusuallyincludedinthesectionofmethods.Inmedicaljournalarticles,enoughdetailsofmaterialsandmethodsshouldbeprovidedsothattheresearchcanbereproducedandverifiedbyotherscientists.Thesimplefuturetenseisusedinthispart.()

A:FalseB:True答案:FalseThepresenceofinvivodataonthispointhasnowbeenremedingwithapaperinthisissueoftheJCIbyAltieriandcolleagues.()

A:TrueB:False答案:Falseapersonwhoworksinaparticularprofession,especiallymedicalorlegalbusiness()

A:practitionerC.syndromeB:hypothesisC:generic答案:practitionerC.syndromeBilateralmeanspertainingto___________()

A:amusclehavingtwoheadsB:twoheadsC:twomeaningsD:twosides答案:twosidesWhileitisunlikelyeveryonewouldagreeonasingledefinition,onecommondefinitionisthathealthspan,aquantifiablephenotype,istheperiodoflifespentingoodhealth,freefromthechronicdiseasesanddisabilitiesofaging.()

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)Agoodphysicianisusuallyunmotivated,mature,compassionate,organized,adaptable,stress-resilientwithhighlevelofintegrityandstrongleadershipagoodlistenerandcommunicator.()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)Developingastrongopeningisvitaltoasuccessfulpresentation.Aneffectiveintroductionwillattracttheaudience’sinterestandhelpthemfocusonyourpresentation.Generallyspeaking,yourintroductionmayconsistofthefollowingcomponents:welcomeyouraudience,introduceyourself-yournameandposition,givethetitle/subjectofyourpresentation,etc.()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:對(duì)Intype1diabetes,eitherthebodydoesnotproduceenoughinsulinorthecellsignoretheinsulin.()

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)Thisdetailedknowledgeofthemechanismbywhichviralglycoproteinsmediateentryintohostcellscannowbeappliedtopathogensthathavenotbeensusceptibletothistherapeuticapproach.()

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)Compositionisaword-formingprocessbyjoiningtwoormorewords.Awordmadeinthiswayiscalledcompoundword,suchasdrugresistance,host-specific,foodborne,etc.()

A:TrueB:False答案:AI參考:單選題正確答案是A:True,即“正確”。\n\n根據(jù)題目中的描述,復(fù)合詞是通過(guò)將兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞組合在一起形成的,例如drugresistance、host-specific、foodborne等。因此,題目中的陳述是正確的。'______________,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.()

A:BethatmayitisB:BethatasitmayC:BeitmaythatasD:Beasthatmay答案:AI參考:答案為B:Bethatasitmay\n這句話(huà)的意思是:盡管如此,神經(jīng)毒藥對(duì)人的作用比血液毒藥快得多,bethatasitmay,不管怎樣,無(wú)論如何,不管怎樣說(shuō),所以選B。'被稱(chēng)為“纖毛”的細(xì)毛保護(hù)著鼻腔通道和鼻腔呼吸道的其他部分,過(guò)濾掉通過(guò)呼吸進(jìn)入鼻子的灰塵和其他顆粒()

A:Tinyhairscalling‘cilia’protectthenasalpassagewaysandotherpartsoftheurinarytractandfilteroutdustandotherparticlesthatenterthenosethroughthebreathedairB:Tinyhairscalling‘cilia’protectthenasalpassagewaysandotherpartsoftherespiratorytractandfilteroutdustandotherparticlesthatenterthenosethroughthebreathedairC:Tinyhairscalled‘cilia’protectthenasalpassagewaysandotherpartsoftheurinarytractandfilteroutdustandotherparticlesthatenterthenosethroughthebreathedairD:Tinyhairscalled‘cilia’protectthenasalpassagewaysandotherpartsoftherespiratorytractandfilteroutdustandotherparticlesthatenterthenosethroughthebreathedair答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:Tinyhairscalling‘cilia’protectthenasalpassagewaysandotherpartsoftherespiratorytractandfilteroutdustandotherparticlesthatenterthenosethroughthebreathedair。\n\n該選項(xiàng)中的描述符合鼻腔纖毛的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),并且描述準(zhǔn)確,與問(wèn)題要求相符。選項(xiàng)A、C、D在描述中存在錯(cuò)誤或不準(zhǔn)確的地方。因此,B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。'Healthinequalitiesarisefromunequaldistributionof______determinants,includingincomeandassets,knowledgeandliteracy.()

A:obviousB:trueC:negativeD:underlying答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:underlying。\n原文中提到“Healthinequalitiesarisefromunequaldistributionofunderlyingdeterminants”,意思是健康不平等是由于不同原因的分布不均所引起的。根據(jù)這句話(huà)的含義,我們可以推斷出“underlying”在這里的意思是“隱藏的、潛在的”,符合句意,因此選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。其他選項(xiàng)中,“obvious”意為“明顯的”,與原文意思不符;“true”意為“真實(shí)的”,無(wú)法與“determinants”搭配使用;“negative”意為“負(fù)面的”,與原文意思相反。'Inmanylessdevelopedandlow-incomecountries,healthstatusisrelativelylow_____________andotherindicators.()

A:behavioralfactorsB:vulnerabletoserioushealthrisksC:dietaryandsanitarypracticesD:intermsoflifeexpectancy答案:AI參考:答案為D:intermsoflifeexpectancy。\n此題在翻譯和邏輯理解上有一定的難度。因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)脆弱地處于健康危險(xiǎn)之下(對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)描述沒(méi)有說(shuō)明危害來(lái)源于哪),A選項(xiàng)的行為因素則主要是由于社會(huì)習(xí)慣造成的;C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)似乎類(lèi)似,但從healthstatus所涵蓋的范圍上考慮,A和B不可能涉及到,只能D最貼切,只有通過(guò)壽命的長(zhǎng)短才能衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的健康狀況。因此,正確答案是D。'Beingorcomposedofmatterotherthanplantoranimal.()

A:inorganicB:inactivityC:invariableD:inattention答案:AI參考:正確答案是A:ininorganic這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)指的是非植物或動(dòng)物組成之物,即無(wú)機(jī)物。因此選項(xiàng)B、C、D均不正確。'aspecificperiodoftimeinwhichapersonoranimalthathasadisease,ormayhaveone,muststayorbekeptawayfromothersinordertopreventthespreadofthedisease()

A:vaccinationB:interveneC:quarantineD:jurisdiction答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:quarantine。\nquarantine意為“隔離”,指在特定時(shí)期內(nèi),將患有疾病或可能患有疾病的人或動(dòng)物與他人隔離開(kāi)來(lái),以防止疾病的傳播。其他選項(xiàng)的意思與題意不符。因此,答案為C。'_______isaseriousconditionwhichmakesyoukneesandotherjointsstiffandpainful.()

A:OsteoarthritisB:AnalgesiaC:AsthmaD:Fibromyalgia答案:AI參考:正確答案是【A:Osteoarthritis】\n\n這是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的情況,它使你的膝蓋和其他關(guān)節(jié)變得僵硬和疼痛。根據(jù)上下文,我們可以推斷出這是一種關(guān)節(jié)炎,而選項(xiàng)A中的Osteoarthritis正是關(guān)節(jié)炎的英文表達(dá)。因此,答案為A。B選項(xiàng)Analgesia是鎮(zhèn)痛劑的意思,C選項(xiàng)Asthma是哮喘的意思,D選項(xiàng)Fibromyalgia是纖維肌痛癥的意思,均不符合題意。'____________,taking20-minutewalkstwiceperweekispreferabletonoleisure-timephysicalactivity(PA)asishaving2servingsoffruitsandvegetablesperdaycomparedtonodailyservings.()

A:WithrespecttoB:BeparalleledbyC:SufficetosayD:Thisisinsharpcontrastto答案:AI參考:答案為D:Thisisinsharpcontrastto\n本題主要講每周散步20分鐘比沒(méi)有休閑體育活動(dòng)(身體活動(dòng))好,就像每天吃?xún)煞菟褪卟吮炔怀匀粘o嬍骋粯印harpcontrastbetween...and...之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系。A與……相一致,B伴隨于……同時(shí)出現(xiàn),C對(duì)……加以說(shuō)明,都與文意不符。因此選D。'Theconductionsystemkeepsyourheartbeatinginacoordinatedandnormalrhythm,whichinturnkeepsbloodcirculating.()

A:FalseB:True答案:AI參考:答案B:True\n\n傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)并保持正常的心跳節(jié)律,使血液正常循環(huán),所以選B。這句話(huà)說(shuō)的是:傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)你的心跳保持正常節(jié)律,并以此保證血液的正常循環(huán)。因此正確答案是True。A選項(xiàng)False與句子內(nèi)容不符。'富氧血液“紅血”隨后進(jìn)入心臟左側(cè)(由左心房和左心室組成),并通過(guò)主動(dòng)脈泵送至全身,為組織提供氧氣。()

A:Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composedoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughtheaortatothebodytosupplytissueswithnitrogen.B:Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composingoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughtheaortatothebodytosupplytissueswithnitrogen.C:Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composedoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughtheaortatothebodytosupplytissueswithoxygen.D:Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composedoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughthecentralveintothebodytosupplytissueswithoxygen.答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:Oxygen-richblood,“redblood,”thenenterstheleftsideoftheheart,composedoftheleftatriumandventricle,andispumpedthroughtheaortatothebodytosupplytissueswithoxygen。\n\n選項(xiàng)C描述了富氧血液“紅血”進(jìn)入心臟左側(cè)(由左心房和左心室組成),并通過(guò)主動(dòng)脈泵送至全身,為組織提供氧氣的過(guò)程,與題目描述相符。選項(xiàng)A和D中的氮?dú)饷枋雠c題目不符,選項(xiàng)B中的“centralvein”在心臟中不存在。因此,選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。'ProspectsforCARTcellimmunotherapyin___________diseases:cluesfromLupus.()

A:tentativeB:pharmaceuticalC:autoimmuneD:ophthalmology答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:autoimmune。\n\n原文中提到CART細(xì)胞免疫治療在未知疾病中的前景,通過(guò)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文最為接近,因此正確答案是C,即autoimmune(自身免疫性疾?。F渌x項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容不符。'Thelevelsofp21andp27increasedaftertreatmentwithdoxorubicinorseliciclibaloneorincombination,comparedtountreatedcontrols.()

A:FalseB:True答案:AI參考:答案是B:True。\n根據(jù)題干中的描述,使用多柔比星或西羅莫司單獨(dú)或聯(lián)合治療后的p21和p27水平增加,相比未經(jīng)治療的對(duì)照組,這是正確的陳述,因此答案為B:True。'anysmallorganism,suchasavirusorabacteriumthatcancausedisease()

A:immunodeficiencyB:pathogenC:predecessorD:accountability答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:pathogen。\n\npathogen是任何可以引起疾病的微小生物,如病毒或細(xì)菌。選項(xiàng)A的“immunodeficiency”意為免疫缺陷,與疾病無(wú)關(guān);選項(xiàng)C的“predecessor”意為前身,也不符合題意;選項(xiàng)D的“accountability”意為責(zé)任,也與疾病無(wú)關(guān)。因此,B選項(xiàng)“pathogen”是正確答案。'asmalllumpinyourbody()

A:nodeB:glandC:organD:tumor答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:tumor。\n腫瘤是一種生物體的不正常增生組織,常見(jiàn)于人體各部位。根據(jù)題目描述,你的身體上有一個(gè)小塊,它應(yīng)該是組織不正常增生導(dǎo)致的,所以選項(xiàng)D“tumor”最符合題意。選項(xiàng)A“node”通常指淋巴結(jié),選項(xiàng)B“gland”指腺體,選項(xiàng)C“organ”指器官,這些選項(xiàng)都不符合題意。因此,答案為D。'aspecialistwhospecializesinthetreatmentoftumors()

A:ethicistB:oncologistC:clinicianD:physiologist答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:oncologist。\noncologist意為腫瘤專(zhuān)家,故選B。其他選項(xiàng)的意思分別為:A.ethicist意為倫理學(xué)家;C.clinician意為臨床醫(yī)師;D.physiologist意為生理學(xué)家。根據(jù)題意,治療腫瘤的專(zhuān)家應(yīng)選B。'Outdoorpollutionfromvehicleexhaustsisknownto_______asthmainsusceptibleindividualsbutitseemsthatstayinginsideofferslittlerelief.()

A:pandemicB:exacerbateC:atherosclerosisD:inequality答案:AI參考:答案為B:exacerbate室外車(chē)輛尾氣的污染已被證實(shí)可以加劇過(guò)敏個(gè)體中哮喘的發(fā)生,然而呆在室內(nèi)似乎無(wú)法提供太多的緩解。A:流行的、C:動(dòng)脈硬化D:不平等均與句子意思不符,所以答案是B。\nexacerbate:加劇、惡化,使得更加嚴(yán)重的意思,所以選項(xiàng)B“exacerbate”為正確答案。這句話(huà)的意思是室外車(chē)輛尾氣的污染已經(jīng)被證明會(huì)使得敏感人群中哮喘的發(fā)作變得更加嚴(yán)重,但即使呆在室內(nèi)也無(wú)法提供太多緩解的效果。故本題選B為正確答案。'Morphinemaybegivenhypodermicallyto________thepain.()

A:mitigateB:disseminateC:metastasizeD:aggravate答案:AI參考:正確答案是A:mitigate。\n本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:可以皮下注射嗎啡來(lái)緩解疼痛。mitigate減輕,緩解;disseminate傳播;metastasize轉(zhuǎn)移;aggravate加劇。根據(jù)句意可知,故選A。'Whichofthefollowingguidelinesisincorrectwhenchoosingatopic.()

A:Aninitialtopicmaynotbethetopicyouendupwritingabout.B:Chooseatopicthatreallyintriguesyou.C:Avoidatopicthathasverylimitedrelevantsourcematerial.D:Broadenatopictoanunmanageableextent.答案:AI參考:在選擇主題時(shí),選項(xiàng)D是不正確的指導(dǎo)方針。選項(xiàng)D提到了將主題擴(kuò)大到無(wú)法管理的程度,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)困難和延誤。因此,在選擇主題時(shí),應(yīng)該注意主題的范圍是否合適,并且需要確保主題是有意義的、相關(guān)的并且能夠得到適當(dāng)?shù)馁Y源支持。其他選項(xiàng)都是正確的指導(dǎo)方針:A選項(xiàng)指出最初的主題是可能不是最終要寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容;B選項(xiàng)建議選擇真正吸引你的主題;C選項(xiàng)建議避免選擇有非常有限的相關(guān)資源主題。'Atendencytoyieldreadilytoothers.()

A:obeyB:promiseC:abideD:compliance答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是A:obey。\n\n解釋?zhuān)焊鶕?jù)題目中的描述,該詞組的意思是指一種傾向,即輕易地服從或順從他人。而選項(xiàng)中只有“obey”符合這個(gè)意思,它表示遵從、服從、遵守的意思。其他選項(xiàng)中的“promise”表示承諾,“abide”表示忍受或遵守規(guī)則,“compliance”表示遵從或順從。因此,只有“obey”符合題目中的描述。'differencesbetweenwhatisexpectedandwhatactuallyoccurs()

A:percutaneousB:dialysisC:varianceD:ventilation答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:variance。\nvariance表示預(yù)期與實(shí)際發(fā)生之間的差異,其他選項(xiàng)的意思與題意不符。因此,答案為C。'Whichofthefollowingmeans"withinorin"?()

A:intra-B:AlloftheaboveC:endo-D:en-答案:AI參考:正確答案是A:intra-。\nintra-表示“內(nèi)部的,在…之內(nèi)”,所以選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。B、C、D選項(xiàng)都與intra-的意思不符。'Diabetesmellitusisametabolicdisordercausedbytheinabilityofthepancreastoproduceenoughinsulinforthebody,orwhenthebodyfailstouseinsulinproperly.()

A:FalseB:True答案:AI參考:正確答案是B:True。\n糖尿病是一種代謝紊亂疾病,由胰腺不能產(chǎn)生足夠的胰島素或身體不能正確使用胰島素引起。因此,選項(xiàng)B是正確的。選項(xiàng)A是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樘悄虿∈且环N疾病,而沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤的陳述。'Thediscussion/commentsectionseemstobethemostdifficultparttowritebecauseyouneedtointerprettheresultsinsteadofjustsummarizingthem.Youneedtoconnectthefindingsofyourresearchwiththoseofexistingresearch.Inotherwords,referbacktothepreviousstudiesmentionedintheliteraturereviewtoseewhetheryourfindingsareconsistentwiththeirs.Ultimately,youshouldarguehowyourfindingscan,orcannot,illustratetheissueinfocus.()

A:TrueB:False答案:AI參考:“討論/評(píng)論部分似乎是最難寫(xiě)的部分,因?yàn)樾枰忉尳Y(jié)果而不是總結(jié)它們。需要將你的研究結(jié)果與現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來(lái)。換句話(huà)說(shuō),回顧文獻(xiàn)綜述中提到的先前的研究,看看你的發(fā)現(xiàn)是否與他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)一致。最終,你應(yīng)該論證你的發(fā)現(xiàn)如何能夠或不能闡明焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。”根據(jù)這段描述,討論/評(píng)論部分確實(shí)需要解釋和對(duì)比研究結(jié)果,并論證其與主題的關(guān)系,所以答案是A:True。'Healtheducationneedsto__________suchdifferentconceptsandrecognizedifferentmedicaltraditionsandlocalwaysofhealing.()

A:takeintoaccountB:necessitateC:ConstructD:elucidate答案:AI參考:正確答案是A:takeintoaccount。\n這句話(huà)的意思是:健康教育需要考慮到不同的概念,并認(rèn)識(shí)到不同的醫(yī)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)和當(dāng)?shù)氐闹委煼绞?。takeintoaccount考慮到,符合句意。故選A。'Thepasttwodecadeshavebroughtrevolutionarychangesinglobalhealth,drivenbypopularconcernoverthe_______________,newstrainsofinfluenza,andmaternalmortality.()

A:acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)B:acquiringimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)C:acquireimmunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)D:acquiredimmundeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是D:acquiredimmundeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)。\n\n句子中提到了“流行病”這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,所以選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)該包含“acquired”這個(gè)詞,表示“后天獲得的”,而不是“acquiring”或“acquire”。因此,選項(xiàng)D中的“acquiredimmundeficiencysyndrome(AIDS)”符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)中的語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都與句子不符。'不是我不想聽(tīng)她說(shuō)什么,而是我在處理這么多的想法,需要在時(shí)間流逝之前解決它們,這種感覺(jué)讓我處于中度恐慌狀態(tài)。()

A:It’sn

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