說明文閱讀-2023年高考英語大題訓(xùn)練（上海）（解析版）

專題07說明文閱讀【大題精做】

沖刺2023年高考英語大題突破

題型簡介

說明文一般為C篇，主要考查以客觀事物的特點和性質(zhì)，閥明事物發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程等為主要表達內(nèi)容

給讀者以知識的一種文體。

說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，題目往往涉及推理判斷題和主旨大意題。因此，閱讀這

類文章時，應(yīng)把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清作者所要說明的事物；另外，考生在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)積累閱讀詞匯,

提高分析長難句的能力。

策略指導(dǎo)技法解讀

抓首尾段首段往往提出說明文的主題，尤其是研究類說明

文，研究結(jié)果就是主題；尾段往往重申強調(diào)主題。

整體敘述+細節(jié)或過程說明+概括評述；現(xiàn)象+原因+

梳理文章結(jié)構(gòu)后果/啟示/措施；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)/調(diào)查結(jié)果+研究/調(diào)查

過程。

破解長難句結(jié)合語境和所學(xué)語法知識破解結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長難句。

典例在線

上海市第三女子中學(xué)2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三年級英語學(xué)科線上教學(xué)評估

Aboutaquarteroftheworlddrivesontheleft,andthecountriesthatdosoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies

likeAustralia,andIreland.ButThailand,IndonesiaandJapanhavealsodevelopedthishabit.

Thisstrangequirkpuzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfectlygoodreason.Uptothelate

1700s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseitisthesensibleoptionforviolent,feudalsocieties

ofmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsundertheirrightarmsnaturallypassedoneachother,s

right,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarm

wasbetweenyouandhim.

RevolutionaryFrance,however,didawaywiththispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink,andthanks

toNapoleon,thischangewascarriedoutallovercontinentalEurope.Becausehewasleft-handed,hisarmieshad

tomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anycountry

colonizedbytheFrenchtooktodrivingontheright.

AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomake

trafficdriveontherightinordertocutallremaininglinkstoitsBritishcolonialpast.OnceAmericabecamethe

centerofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmericanright-hand-drive.From

thenon,manycountrieschangedoutofnecessity.

Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.It

wouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.ThelastEuropeancountrytoconverttodrivingonthe

rightwasSwedenin1967.Thisironicallycausedareductionincaraccidentsbecauseeveryonedrovecarefully

whilegettingusedtothenewsystem.

36.Whydidpeopletravelontheleftbeforethelate18lhcentury?

A.Theywererequiredtodoso.B.Theyweremostlyleft-landed.

C.Itwaseasiertocrossthestreet.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.

37.WhatwasNapoleon,sattitudeaboutwalkingontheleft?

A.Support.B.Disapproval.C.Doubt.D.Indifference.

38.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.

A.theconnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruledbytheUK

C.theAmericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawasthecenterofthecarindustry

39.WhatisthemainreasonforUK'sresistancetotheEuropeansystem?

A.Itwouldcosttoomuchtochange.B.Itsincreasingtrafficaccidents.

C.Itsinfluenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.

136~39題答案】

【答案】36.D37.B38.B39.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一些國家靠左側(cè)行走的原因及部分國家后來改變這一傳統(tǒng)的原因

和過程。

【36題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Uptothelate17（X）s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseitis

thesensibleoptionforviolent,feudalsocietiesofmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsunder

theirrightarmsnaturallypassedoneachother,sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthe

lefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetweenyouandhim.（直到18世紀(jì)晚期，每個人都在道路

的左側(cè)行駛，因為在暴力的封建社會，這是一個明智的選擇，大多數(shù)人都是右撇子。將劍夾在右胳膊下

的士兵自然會互相交叉，如果你在路上經(jīng)過一個陌生人，你要走在左邊，以確保你的保護性劍臂在你和

他之間）“可知，當(dāng)時人們靠左側(cè)走是因為感覺更安全，故選D。

【37題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“RevolutionaryFrance,however,didawaywiththispracticeaspartofitssweeping

socialrethink,andthankstoNapoleon,thischangewascarriedoutallovercontinentalEurope.Becausehewas

left-handed,hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.

Fromthenon,anycountrycolonizedbytheFrenchtooktodrivingontheright.（然而，大革命后的法國，作為

其全面社會反思的一部分，廢除了這種做法，多虧了拿破侖，這種變化在整個歐洲大陸進行。因為他是

左撇子，他的軍隊必須向右行進，這樣他就能保持他的劍臂與任何對手之間的距離。從那時起，任何被

法國殖民的國家都習(xí)慣了靠右行駛）“可推知，拿破侖推行向右行駛，他對靠左側(cè)走是不贊成的，故選B。

【38題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar（1775—1783）,theUSbecame

independentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocutallremaininglinkstoitsBritishcolonial

past?（美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭（1775—1783）后，美國獨立了，為了切斷所有與英國殖民時期的聯(lián)系，美國決定

讓車輛靠右行駛）”可知，美國改變英國傳統(tǒng)是想擺脫與英國的聯(lián)系，表示不再受英國統(tǒng)治，故選B。

【39題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolineW汕therestofEurope,butthis

isnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.（如今，歐盟希望英國與歐洲

其他國家保持一致，但這已不再可能。改變一切將花費數(shù)十億英鎊丫,可知，英國沒有采用右側(cè)走是因為

花費太高，故選A。

華東師大三附中2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期在線階段檢測

Researchshowsthattheaveragehighschoolstudentwillstudyfourhoursperweekforanymajortest.The

outcomeofthisfourhoursofstudyvariesfromAtoF,whichmeansthatinhighschoolgradesarestrongly

determinedbyintelligencesinceeveryonestudiesthesameamountoftime.

Butcollegeisdifferent.Mostofthestudentsarehighlyintelligentandeachhasplentyoftimeforself-study.

Toscorehighonanytest,acollegestudenthastoworkhardand,probablymoreimportantly,knowhowtousehis

orhertimemostefficiently.Theproblemisthatyourstudyhabitsformedinhighschoolmaymakeyouunableto

studywellincollegebecauseyouhaveneverexperiencedwhatittakestoperformatthecollegelevel.Thatis

whythefreshmanyearisthehardestyearforallcollegestudents.

Basedonmyextensiveobservationofstudentperformanceoncollegetests,Irecommendthefollowing

studytimepertest:6hoursperweekforanA,4hoursforaB,3.5hoursforaC,2.5hoursforaDand0hoursfor

anF.Anhourofstudyisdefinedasstudyingfor45minutesandabreakof15minutes.Tenhoursofcontinuous

studywithoutabreakisdefinedasonehourofstudy.Thebraindoesnotprocessandstoreinformationtheway

studentspreferstudying.Occasionally,somesucceedbystudyingatthelastminute,buttheyareexceptionstothe

rule.

Researchalsosuggeststhattheslowest10percentofthestudentsmayneed5to6timesasmuchtimeto

Ieamthesamematerialasthefastest10percent.Eachpersonisverylikelytohavestrengthsandweaknesses.

Overcomingyourweaknessincreasesyourstrength.

36.Accordingtothewriter,thereasonwhyhighschoolstudentsgetdifferenttestresultsisthat.

A.somestudentsworkharderthantherestofthem

B.somestudentshavegoodstudyhabitswhileothersdonot

C.theirintelligencevariesfrompersontoperson

D.theirteachersteachthemindifferentways

37.Thefreshmanyearisconsideredthehardestforallcollegestudentsbecause.

A.theyhavetotakealotofcoursesatthesametime

B.theyaretooanxioustoscorehighonalltests

C.theydon,tknowyethowtostudyatthecollegelevel

D.theyfeelworriedamongsomanyintelligentpeople

38.Whattakesthefasteststudentstolearninonehourmaytakethesloweststudents.

A.2hours.B.3hoursC.4hoursD.5hours

39.Fromthewaythispassageiswritten,itcanbeconcludedthatthewriterismostprobably.

A.ahighschoolstudentB.acollegeteacher

C.ahighschoolteacherD.acollegestudent

136~39題答案】

【答案】36.C37.C38.D39.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了高中生因為智力因人而異所以考試結(jié)果不同，但大學(xué)是不同

的。大多數(shù)學(xué)生都很聰明，每個人都有足夠的時間自學(xué)。文章主要就不同大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)時長提出了建議。

【36題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheoutcomeofthisfourhoursofstudyvariesfromAtoF,whichmeansthatin

highschoolgradesarestronglydeterminedbyintelligencesinceeveryonestudiesthesameamountOftime.（這

四個小時的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果從A到F各不相同，這意味著在高中，由于每個人學(xué)習(xí)的時間都是一樣的，所以成

績在很大程度上是由智力決定的丫'可知，高中生得到不同的測試結(jié)果的原因是他們的智力因人而異。故

選C。

【37題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theproblemisthatyourstudyhabitsformedinhighschoolmaymakeyouunable

tostudywellincollegebecauseyouhaveneverexperiencedwhatittakestoperformatthecollegelevel.Thatis

whythefreshmanyearisthehardestyearforallcollegeStUdentS.（問題是，你在高中養(yǎng)成的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣可能會

讓你在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)不好，因為你從來沒有經(jīng)歷過在大學(xué)階段需要付出什么。這就是為什么大一是所有大

學(xué)生最難的一年）“可知，大一被認(rèn)為是所有大學(xué)生最難的一年，因為他們還不知道如何在大學(xué)階段學(xué)習(xí)。

故選Co

【38題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Researchalsosuggeststhattheslowest10percentofthestudentsmayneed5to

6timesasmuchtimeIolearnthesamematerialasthefastest10PerCenl.（研究還表明，學(xué)得最慢的10%的學(xué)

生可能需要比學(xué)得最快的10%的學(xué)生多5到6倍的時間來學(xué)習(xí)同樣的材料）“可知，最快的學(xué)生可以在一

小時內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)的東西，最慢的學(xué)生需要五到六個小時。故選D。

【39題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Basedonmyextensiveobservationofstudentperformanceoncollegetests,I

recommendthefollowingstudytimepertest:6hoursperweekforanA,4hoursforaB,3.5hoursforaC,2.5

hoursforaDandOhoursforanF.（根據(jù)我對學(xué)生在大學(xué)考試中表現(xiàn)的廣泛觀察，我建議每次考試的學(xué)習(xí)時

間如下：A級每周6小時，B級4小時，C級3.5小時，D級2.5小時，F(xiàn)級0小時）”可推知，作者是一

個大學(xué)老師。故選B。

刷模擬

（A）

（2023上海崇明一模）

ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglass-likecalm,butthepuddles（水坑）ontheregion,s

icebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.

SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisibleby

theriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit一

10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

TheamountoficethatmeltedinGreenlandbetweenJuly15and17thisyearalone—6billiontonsofwater

perday-wouldbeenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools,accordingtodatafromtheUS

NationalSnowandIceDataCenter.

Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthatoccurredin2019,when

532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheatwavethatyearcaused

almosttheentireicesheet,ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepcπτιanentlyby1.5millimetersasaresult.

Greenlandholdsenoughice—ifitallmelted—toliftsealevelby7.5metersaroundtheworld.Thelatest

researchpointstoamoreandmorethreateningsituationontheNorthernHemisphere'siciestisland.

"Unprecedented（史無前例的）“ratesofmeltinghavebeenobservedatthebottomoftheGreenlandice

sheet,astudypublishedinFebruaryfound,causedbyhugequantitiesofmeltwaterflowingdownfromthe

surface.Thiswaterisparticularlyconcerningbecauseitcandestabilizethesheetaboveitandcouldleadtoa

massive,rapidlossofice.

Andin2020,scientistsfoundthatGreenland,sicesheethadmeltedbeyondthepointofnoreturn.Therate

ofmeltinginrecentyearsexceedsanythingGreenlandhasexperiencedinthelast12,000years,anotherstudy

found-andenoughtocausemeasurablechangeinthegravitationalfieldoverGreenland.

AttheEastGreenlandIce-coreProject—orEastGRIP—researchcampinnorthwestGreenland,thework

ofscientiststounderstandtheimpactofclimatechangeisbeingaffectedbyclimatechangeitself.

AslakGrinsted,aclimatescientistattheUniversityofCopenhagen,sNielsBohrInstitute,saidthatthey

havebeentryingtogetflightsintothecampbutthewarmthisdestabilizingthelandingsite.

Beforehuman-causedclimatechangekickedin,temperaturesnear32degreesFahrenheittherewere

unheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheitperdecade—four

timesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitallthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcrossthemeltingpoint.

63.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland,sicesheet

B.arousepeople,sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment

C.informpeopleofthelargeamountoficeGreenlandholds

D.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel

64.Whatdoes“atranSformatiOII''inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Climatechange.B.Ariseinsealevel.

C.Globalwarming.D.Themeltingofice.

65.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheicethatmeltedin2019?

A.Itrepeatedarecordmeltingoftheicesheetseveralyearsago.

B.Itsamountwasthelargesteverandliftedsealevelpermanently.

C.Itwasenoughtofill7.2millionOlympic-sizedswimmingpools.

D.Itsmeltingratewassorapidastoresultinanunexpectedlyhotspring.

66.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.climatechangeisaresultofhumanactivities

B.thestudyofclimatechangeisbeingmadeeasier

C.themeltingofGreenland'sicesheetisreversible

D.temperaturesincrease1.5oForsoeachdecadeglobally

【答案】63.A64.D65.B66.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了格陵蘭冰蓋的快速融化現(xiàn)象，說明地球正在變暖。

【63題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第二段"SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenland

havecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshave

beenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit-10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

（格陵蘭島北部連續(xù)幾天異常溫暖的天氣導(dǎo)致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。科學(xué)家表示，今

年這個時候的氣溫一直在華氏60度左右，比正常溫度高10度。）”可知，這篇文章主要是為了提醒人們

注意格陵蘭冰蓋的快速融化，地球正在變暖。故選A項。

[64題詳解】

詞句猜測題。黑體詞語的后文，文章第二段中uSeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthern

Greenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheOCean.（格陵蘭島

北部連續(xù)幾天異常溫暖的天氣導(dǎo)致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。）”說明由于氣溫變暖導(dǎo)致

格陵蘭島北部冰川在快速融化，從而推知劃線詞句"ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisa

glass-likecalm,butthepuddles（水坑）ontheregion,sicebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderway

higherOntheiceshee”格陵蘭島西北部海岸的海水平靜如玻璃，但該地區(qū)冰山上的水坑表明，在冰蓋的

高處，atransformation正在進行。）”其中atransformation指的是“冰的融化"。故選D項。

【65題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Eachsummer,scientistsworrythattheywillseearepeatoftherecordmeltingthat

occuιτedin2019,when532billiontonsoficeflowedoutintothesea.AnunexpectedlyhotspringandaJulyheat

wavethatyearcausedalmosttheentireicesheet,ssurfacetomelt.Globalsealevelrosepermanentlyby1.5

millimetersasaresult.（每年夏天科學(xué)家們都擔(dān)心,他們會看到2019年創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的冰川融化重演，當(dāng)時

5320億噸的冰川流入大海。那年一場意外的溫泉和7月的熱浪導(dǎo)致幾乎整個冰蓋表面融化。因此，全球

海平面永久性地上升了1.5毫米。）”可知，2019年融化的冰，數(shù)量是有史以來最大的，并永久性地升高

了海平面。故選B項。

【66題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段uBeforehuman-causedclimatechangekickedin,temperaturesnear32degrees

Fahrenheittherewereunheardof.Butsincethe1980s,thisregionhaswarmedbyaround1.5degreesFahrenheit

perdecade—fourtimesfasterthantheglobalpace—makingitailthemorelikelythattemperatureswillcross

themeltingpoint.（在人類造成的氣候變化開始之前，那里的氣溫接近32華氏度是前所未聞的。但自20

世紀(jì)80年代以來，這一地區(qū)每十年變暖約1.5華氏度，比全球變暖速度快四倍，這使得氣溫越過熔點的

可能性更大。）”可知，文中暗示氣候變化是人類活動的結(jié)果。故選A項。

（B）

（2022上海中學(xué)東校高三英語階段測試）

Everycountryhascertainculturalpatternsmakingitunique.Ofcourse,habitsandcustomsbetweencultures

andcountriestendtoove?iap（重疊）.Thepopularityofsocialmedia,forinstance,ignoresbordersandbreaks

downculturaldifferences.Technologyhasmadetheworldamuchsmallerandculturallysimilarplace.However,

whenlookingataforeigncountry,wewillalwaysfinddifferencesbetweenourtraditionsandtheirs.Young

ItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmanyrespects,havealsosomepronounced

differences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandsports.

MostAmericanteenshavepart-timejobsthroughhighschoolandcollege.YouthsinItalytendnotto.The

reasonsbehindthisaremultifaceted.Itis,tobeginwith,ratherhardinItalytofindthetypeofpart-timejobs

studentsusuallytakeup.Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especially

whenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.YoungItaliansliketoenjoylifetothefullandfeeltherewillbetimeto

workoncetheybecomeadults,hencethelackofinterestinfindingoddjobswhilestillinschool.Liketheold

sayinggoes,SOmeItaIianSWorktoLive,While>omeAmeriCanSOftenIiVetowork.

Inalotofways,youngItaliansandAmericansspendtheirfreetimeinasimilarfashion.Listeningtomusic,

watchingmovies,hangingout,practicingsportsandsurfingtheInternetareallcommonwaystopasssomefree

time.Italians,especially,makeapointofgoingoutandbeingsocial,oftenchoosingbetweenpizzeriaorbirrerie

（placeforpizzaorbeer）,whichstayopenlate.Italiansoftenpileintoacoupleofcarsandgooutinabiggroup.In

general,Americanteensparticipateinalotofextracurricular（課夕卜的）activities,manyoftenthroughschool,

whileItaliansmaynottakepartinsomany.

Whengoingout,Italianteenstendtomeetandgatheronthestreetsoftheircitiesortowns,somethingnotas

commonintheUnitedStates,especiallyinhighlypopulatedareas.ThisveryItalianhabitcanbelinkedtothe

urbanarrangementofItaliantowns.ManyofthemdatebackthousandsofyearsandfeaturecentralPiaZZaS（廣場）

andareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesthathavenowbecomegatheringplacesfortheyoung.Ifyou,reinItaly,

don,tbesurprisedbythesightofhundredsgatheredinapiazzaoronthestreet,laughinganddrinkingthenight

away.

36.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theuniquelifestylessharedbyAmericanandItalianteens

B.therelationshipbetweenyoungpeopleofAmericaandItaly

C.somecustomsandhabitsoftheAmericansandItalians

D.somedifferencesintraditionbetweenyoungAmericansandItalians

37.Bysaying??someItaliansworktolive,whilesomeAmericansoftenlivetowork",theauthormostprobably

wantstotellusthat.

A.Italianshaveabetterlifeattitudetowardworking

B.Americansaremorediligentandthusliveabetterlife

C.AmericansandItaliansbothfindithardtolocateasatisfyingjob

D.ItaliansandAmericanshavedifferentchoicesregardingwork

38.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.AmericanteenspracticesportsandsurftheInternettopasstime.

B.Italianyouthtakeanactivepartinextracurricularactivities.

C.Americanteensliketodriveoutandsocialtogetherinbiggroups.

D.Italianyouthenjoypizzaandbeerbecausetheyarecheap.

39.Ifthereisonemoreparagraphinthispassage,whatwillitmostprobablybeabout?

A.TheworkingconditionsoftheyoungAmericansandItalians.

B.Thedifferencesinpracticingsportsbetweenteensofthetwonations.

C.ThecentralpiazzasandareasbuiltaroundhistoricalsitesinItaly.

D.TheurbanarrangementofthehighlypopulatedAmericancities.

【36~39題答案】

【答案】36.D37.D38.A39.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了意大利年輕人和美國年輕人在對待工作和娛樂方面的一些明

顯的差異。

【36題詳解】

主旨大意題。第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmanyrespects,

havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandSPortS.（例如，意大利

年輕人和美國年輕人雖然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明顯的差異，尤其是在工作、娛樂和體育方

面。）是文章的主題句，文章內(nèi)容其他內(nèi)容都圍繞著美國和意大利年輕人的一些傳統(tǒng)差異展開，故選D。

【37題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Moreover,thereisalsoadifferentculturalattitudetotakeintoconsideration,especially

whenthinkingofcertainpartsofItaly.YoungItaliansliketoenjoylifetothefullandfeeltherewillbetimeto

workoncetheybecomeadults,hencethelackofinterestinfindingoddjobswhilestillinSChOOI.（此夕卜，還有一

種不同的文化態(tài)度需要考慮，尤其是考慮到意大利的某些地區(qū)。年輕的意大利人喜歡充分享受生活，覺

得一旦他們長大成人，就會有時間去工作，因此他們對在校期間找零工不感興趣。）可知，意大利年輕

人是為了生活而去工作，而美國的年輕人工作是為了生活，作者想要通過這句話告訴我們意大利人和美

國人在工作上有不同的選擇。故選D。

【38題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Inalotofways,youngItaliansansandAmericansspendtheirfreetimeinasimilar

fashion.Listeningtomusic,watchingmovies,hangingout,practicingsportsandsurfingtheInternetareall

commonwaystopasssomefreetime.（在很多方面，年輕的意大利人和美國人以相似的方式度過他們的空

閑時間。聽音樂、看電影、出去玩、鍛煉身體和上網(wǎng)都是打發(fā)空閑時間的常見方式。）以及這一段中末

尾Ingeneral,Americanteensparticipateinalotofextracurricular（課夕卜的）activities,manyoftenthroughschool

可知，美國青少年通過運動和上網(wǎng)來打發(fā)時間。故選A。

【39題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,thoughalikeinmany

respects,havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,pastimesandSPortS.（例如，

意大利年輕人和美國年輕人雖然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明顯的差異，尤其是在工作、娛樂和

體育方面。）可知，作者想要說明意大利年輕人和美國年輕人在工作、娛樂和體育方面的差異，根據(jù)第

二段內(nèi)容可知主要談?wù)摿斯ぷ鞣矫娴牟町悾谌?、四段談?wù)摿藠蕵贩矫妫虼私酉聛頃劦襟w育方面的

差異。故如果這篇文章中還有一段話，最有可能是關(guān)于兩國青少年在運動方面的差異。故選B。

【點睛】主旨大意主要的解題策略有：

（1）標(biāo)題類。文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子，它的特點是：短小精悍，多為一短語；涵

蓋性強，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太小；精確性強，不能隨意

改變語言表意的程度及色彩。

（2）主旨類。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過

關(guān)鍵詞句來概括（如議論文中尋找表達作者觀點態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映

人物特點的形容詞）。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點時，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點才是體現(xiàn)全文中心

的o止匕時,要注意——些轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。

當(dāng)文章中表示相反的觀點時，往往用到這些詞。答題時要弄清哪個是作者的觀點，排除迷惑性信息，準(zhǔn)

確歸納主旨大意。如第一小題，根據(jù)第一段最后一句YoungItaliansandyoungAmericans,forexample,

thoughalikeinmanyrespects,havealsosomepronounceddifferences,especiallywhenitcomestowork,

PaStimeSandSPOrtS.（例如，意大利年輕人和美國年輕人雖然在很多方面都很相似，但也有一些明顯的差

異，尤其是在工作、娛樂和體育方面。）以及文章主耍內(nèi)容圍繞著美國和意大利年輕人的一些傳統(tǒng)差異

展開，故選DC

（C）

（華東師大三附中2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期在線階段檢測）

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry,sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslife

worthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,it

isnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyargue

thatitisfaultyconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecent

measures,theUK,sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhigh

growthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethe

warningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry,seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytotransformgrowthintowell-beingthrowssomelight

onthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthat

economicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthatjustfocusingonGDP,

over40differentsetsofcriteria（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）fromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeen

measuredtogetamorecomprehensiveassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,there

hasbeenabudding（初見端倪的）economicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareas

suchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithall

countries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincluding

civilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofa

country,ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuring

theeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuch

asenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson,ssenseofwell-being.

Thesha?phittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtodeclineintheeveryday

servicesWedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimproving

well-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGPDfigurescouldavoidtheheralded（預(yù)示的）disasterandmay

evenseeprogress.

43.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.

A.theUKisreluctanttoreshapeitseconomicpattern

B.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelyopposedintheUK

C.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

44.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttherecentannualstudy?

A.Itissponsoredby163countries.B.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

C.Itscriteriaarequestionable.D.Itsresultsareinspiring.

45.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat.

A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues

46.Whichofthefallowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

B.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

C.RobertEKennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

D.Brexit,theUK,sGatewaytoWell-being

【43~46題答案】

【答案】43.B44.D45.C46.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了GDP作為衡量國家經(jīng)濟活動的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不夠的，政策決定者還

要考慮其他提升民眾幸福感的因素。

【43題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitis