（福建專用）高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 課時規(guī)范練37 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 北師大選修8-北師大高三選修8英語試題

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017·吉林長春二模)Foodproductiondoesgreatharmtoourenvironment.Therearemanyproceduresinvolvedinthemanufactureoffoodthatresultingreenhousegasesandotherpollutants.Someproceduresrequiretheconsumptionoflargeamountsoffossilfuels,suchasthetransportationandstorageoffoodproducts.Otherfactorsthatcausegreatdamagetoourenvironmentincludetheoveruseoffreshwater.Theproductionofbeefismoredamagingtotheenvironmentthanthatofanyotherfoodweconsumeasraisinglargenumbersofcattlerequirestheproductionoflargeamountsoffoodfortheanimals.It’sestimatedthatproducingonepoundofbeefrequiressevenpoundsoffeed.Landuseisalsoaproblem.Ifthecattlearefree-rangecattle,largeareasoflandarerequiredforthemtoliveon.Thishasledtodisastrousforestcuttingandthelossofrareplantsandanimalspecies,particularlyintropicalrainforestsinCentralandSouthAmerica.Anotherproblemspecifictobeefproductionismethaneemissions(甲烷排放).Althoughmanypeopleareawareofthedamagingeffectsofcarbondioxide,theydon’trealizemethane’sglobalwarmingpotentialis25timesworse,makingitamoredireproblem.Unfortunately,beefconsumptionisgrowingrapidly.Thisistheresultofsimplesupplyanddemandfactors.Specifically,therearetwomaincausesofdemandthatareencouragingtheproductionofmoresupply.First,theincreaseintheworldpopulationmeanstherearemorepeopletoconsumemeat.Thesecondfactorissocioeconomicadvancement.Ascitizensindevelopingnationsbecomefinanciallystable,theycanaffordtobuymoremeat.Therefore,onewaytoreducethegreenhousegasemissionsisforpeoplearoundtheworldtosignificantlycutdownontheamountofbeeftheyeat.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Raisingfree-rangecattleiseco-friendly.B.Peoplecutdowntreesforanimalhabitats.C.Producingbeefcandamagetheenvironment.D.Carbondioxidecausesfarmoreharmthanmethane.2.Theunderlinedword“dire”inparagraph4means.

A.urgentB.commonC.typical D.avoidable3.Beefproductionisgrowingrapidlybecause.

A.morepeopleareindemandofbeefB.developingcountriesraisemorecattleC.morelandisavailabletoraisecattleD.thecostofraisingcattleisrelativelylow4.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto.

A.describetheboomingofthebeefproductionB.emphasizetheadvantagesofbeefproductionC.condemnthedeforestationoftherainforestD.argueforadecreaseinbeefconsumptionB(2017·安徽蚌埠質(zhì)檢)Withalarmingregularity,wereadaboutoiltankers(油輪)havingaccidentsnearlandandtheterribleconsequencesoftheoilspills(泄露)onpeople,nature,andtheenvironment.Millionsofdollarshavebeenusedindevelopingspecialchemicalstohelpdismissthespillsandtocleanuptheanimals,beaches,andlandspoiledbytheoil.Unfortunately,whenmanyofthesechemicalsareused,moredamageiscausedtotheenvironment,especiallytolivesinthesea.Ofalloftoday’senvironmentaldisasters,anoilspillmayactuallybeoneoftheleastserious.Althoughoilispoisonous,itisanaturalmaterial.Intheend,itbreaksdownnaturally.Thereare,ofcourse,long-termeffects,butitisusuallymoreseriousintheshortterm.Naturebyitselfworksbetterthanchemicalmaterials,butwhenthereisaspillwedemandthatgovernmentsactimmediatelywithasmuchhi-techknowledgeaspossible.In1967thetankerTorreyCanyonsankofftheSicilyIslesnearthecoastofEnglandandspilled120,000tonesofoilintotheocean.Ifyougotheretoday,youwillfindithardtoseeanysignthatiteverhappened.Governmentsseemtoaccepttheriskoftransportingmillionsoftonsofoilbyshipeverydaysothatwecanfillupourcarsanddrivearoundandcauseevenmoreenvironmentaldamage.Interestingly,thebiggestcompaniesintheworldproducecars,andthenextbiggestsupplythegasolinetomakethemrun!Weshouldbethinkingmoreaboutreducingourdependencyonoil.Governmentsshouldbeencouragingresearchintonewtechnologies,suchascarsrunbysolarpower,electricity,hydrogen,andsoon.Muchofthisresearchhas,inthepast,beenheldbackbytheoil,gas,andcoal.Iftheworld’smillionsofcarswere10%moreefficient—andtheindustrycouldeasilyproducecarsatleasttwiceasefficient—wewouldneedmanyfewertankerscrossingtheoceanseachyear.Ifthishappened,therisksofoilspillswouldbereduced,andtheairwebreathewouldbecleanerandfresher,too.5.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A.Oilspillspollution.B.Whatoilpollutionis.C.Oiltankeraccidents.D.Howtoreduceoilpollution.6.Howdoestheauthorsupporttheideathatoilspillsarenotasseriousaspeoplebelieve?A.Byhavingadiscussion.B.Bymakinganargument.C.Bygivinganexample.D.Bydrawingadiagram.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“risk”inparagraph5referto?A.Transportationdependingmoreonoil.B.Poisonousoilbreakingdownnaturally.C.Millionsoftonsofoilspillingintothesea.D.Moreenvironmentaldamagebeingcaused.8.Whichsuggestionismadeforreducingoiltankaccidentsaccordingtothepassage?A.Weshouldbuildsaferoiltankersinthenearfuture.B.Weshoulddevelopnewtechnologiestocutoiluse.C.Tankersshouldnotbeallowedtosailnearthecoastlines.D.Countriesshouldbuildmoreoilpipelinesunderthesea.?導(dǎo)學(xué)號07020067?Ⅱ.七選五(2018·山西運城期中)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Campingwithoutacampfireisnotcampingatall.Late-nightconversationsandgamesaroundthecampfireareessentialforapleasantcampingexperience.However,yououghttobeawareofthefactthatcampingwithacampfireisnotallaboutfun.1Ifyouareplanningtosetupacampfire,orifyouareplanningtocookduringcamping,youshouldremembersomefiresafetytips.

Chooseacampsitewhichhasacampfirepit(深坑).2Ifthereisnofirepit,setupyourown.However,youshouldbecarefulnottoplacethefirepitnearyourcampingtent.Whenyousetupacampfire,makesurethatyouputthecampfirematerialsintherightorder.Thiscanhelpyoumakesurethattherewillbenoflyingdebris(碎片)onceyoulightyourfire.Putthelightmaterialsfirstsuchaspaperordryleaves.3Finally,makesurethatyouplacestonesaroundthecampfirepit.Neverburnplasticsorotherpoisonousmaterials,whichwilldisturbyourneighboringcampgroundguests.Itwillalsosignificantlypollutetheairandpromotetheriskoffirespreads.4Useitonlywhenalltheotherfire-makingoptionsfail.

5Beforeyouleaveyourcampsiteorbeforeyougotobed,makesurethatyourcampfireiscompletelyout.Leavingfireunattendedrunshighrisksofforestfiresandthelike.

A.Then,putthewood.B.Campingcangiveyoualotoffreedom.C.Itneedsacertaindegreeofresponsibility.D.Onetraditionalcampactivityismakingthecampfire.E.Thiswillensurethatyouwillbecapableofcontrollingyourcampfire.F.Onceyourcampfireissetup,donotleavetheflameunattended.G.Donotusepetroleverytimeyouattempttolightyourcampfire.?導(dǎo)學(xué)號07020068?Ⅲ.短文改錯(2017·安徽六安一中月考)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處,每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下面畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。Ladiesandgentlemen,It’smyhonortogiveaspeechhere.After-classactivitiesplayaimportantpartinourschoollife.Properactivitieshelpenrichourlives,broadenourhorizonsordevelopourpersonalities.Mineownexperiencecanserveasacase.WhenIwasinSeniorOne,Ibecomeamemberofourdramaclub,thatIusedtovisitonweekends.Becausemyparticipationinvariousactivitiesorganisingbytheclub,Ihaveachievedalot.Theseactivitiesbringmealotoffuns,providemewithgoodopportunitiestodevelopnewfriendshipsandopenawindowthroughwhichIhaveabrand-newoutlook.Withsomuchadvantagesshownabove,whynottojoinusatonce?答案：Ⅰ.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。食品加工業(yè)對我們的環(huán)境有害。文章以牛肉的生產(chǎn)過程為例加以闡述,來說明此觀點。并呼吁人們減少牛肉消耗,從而保護環(huán)境。1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theproductionofbeefismoredamagingtotheenvironmentthanthatofanyotherfoodweconsume...”可知,牛肉加工會破壞環(huán)境。2.A詞義猜測題。由第三段可知,牛體內(nèi)的某些微生物在進行所謂的甲烷生成過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的甲烷,甲烷的危害是二氧化碳危害的25倍多,因此這個問題需要大家予以更加“急切的”關(guān)注。dire和urgent意義相近。3.A細節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Thisistheresultofsimplesupplyanddemandfactors.”可知,牛肉加工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展是因為供需關(guān)系而導(dǎo)致的,更多的人需要牛肉。4.D寫作意圖題。由文章最后一段,尤其是其中的“cutdownontheamountofbeeftheyeat”可知,本文寫作目的是呼吁