科技論文英語摘要知識講座

LectureonEnglishAbstractKnowledgeofScientifiOverviewofEnglishabstractsinscientificpapersWritingskillsforEnglishabstractsinscientificpapersCommonsensepatternsandexpressionsinEnglishabstractsofscientificpapersExampleanalysisofEnglishabstractsinscientificpapersPracticeandsuggestionsforwritingEnglishabstractsinscientificpapersOverviewofEnglishabstractsinscientificpapers01DefinitionTheabstractisabriefsummaryofascientificpaperthatprovidesaconclusionoverviewoftheresearchtopic,methods,results,andconclusionsPurposeToprovidereaderswithaquickoverviewofthepaper'scontent,toassistintheidentificationofrelevantresearch,andtoenableeffectiveinformationretrievalDefinitionandPurposeTypicalconsiderationsofabriefintroduction,methods,results,andconclusionsStructureAbstractsareconsistent,objective,andwritteninaformalstyleTheyshouldavoidexcessivetechnicaldetailsandpresentonlythemostessentialinformationCharacteristicsStructureandcharacteristicsVSIncludingtoomanytechnicaldetails,usingsubjectivelanguage,omittingimportantresultsorconclusions,orprovidinginsufficientbackgroundinformationPrecautionsWritinginaformal,objectivestyle,avoidingjargonortechnicaltermsthatmaybeunfriendlytothegeneralreader,andensuringthatallessentialinformationisincludedErrorsCommonerrorsandprecautionsWritingskillsforEnglishabstractsinscientificpapers02UseformalandobjectivelanguageAvoidusingcolloquiallanguageorpersonalopinions,andmaintainaformalandobjectivetonethroughtheabstractSticktothepassivevoiceThepassivevoiceispreferredinscientificwritingasitfocusesonthesubjectmattermorethanthepersonperformingtheactionUsespecifictechnicaltermsWhenrelevant,usetechnicaltermsaccuratelyandavoidjargonthatmaybeunfriendlytothereaderLanguageusageskillsStartwithatopicpresence01BegineachparagraphwithatopicpresencethatsummarizesthemainideaUsesimpleattention02Averagecomplexattentionstructuresandaimforclear,directlanguageVaryattentionlengths03MixshortandlongattentiontokeepthetextengagingandeasytoreadSentencestructureskillsOrganizeideaslogicallyGroupideasintocoherentparagraphsbasedontheirrelevancetotheoveralltopicUsetransitionalphrasesUsetransitionalphrasestolinkideaswithinparagraphsandcreateasmoothflowofinformationStatethepurposeBegineachparagraphwithapresencethatclearstatesitspurpose,guidingthereaderthroughthecontentParagraphorganizationskills03AverageredundancyEnsurethateachpresenceaddsvalueandavoidsrepeatinginformationalreadystate01MaintainaclearstructureBeginwithabriefintroduction,followedbymethods,results,andconclusions02UseparallelismArrangesimilarideasinaparallelstructuretoenhanceclarityandflowLogicalcoherenceskillsCommonsensepatternsandexpressionsinEnglishabstractsofscientificpapers03Summaryword:DescribethesentencestructureandexpressionoftheresearchbackgroundandpurposeDescribethepresencestructureandexpressionofresearchbackgroundandpurposeThesentenceexpressionofresearchpurpose:commonlyusedsentencestructuressuchas"Thepurposeofthisstudyisto..."or"Theaimofthisinvestmentis..."areusedtoexpresstheresearchpurpose.DetaileddescriptionThesentencestructureofresearchbackground:usuallystartswithanintroductiontotheresearchfieldortopic,thendescribesthecurrentstatusandexistingproblemsoftheresearch,andfinallyintroducesthenecessityoftheresearch.DescribethepresencestructureandexpressionofresearchbackgroundandpurposeDescribethepresencepatternsandexpressionsofresearchmethodsandexperimentaldesignSummary:ElaborateonthesentencepatternsandexpressionsofresearchmethodsandexperimentaldesignDetaileddescriptionThesentencestructureofresearchmethods:Usually,theresearchtypeanddesignareexplainedfirst,followedbyadescriptionofthedatasourceandsampleselectionmethod,followedbyanexplanationofthemethodsofdatacollectionandanalysis.Thesentenceexpressionofexperimentaldesigniscommonlyusedtodescribeexperimentaldesign,suchas"Theexperimentaldesigninvolves..."or"Theparticipantswererandomlyassignedto...".DescribethepresencepatternsandexpressionsofresearchmethodsandexperimentaldesignSummarywords:sentencepatternsandexpressionsthatdescriberesearchfindingsandconclusionsSentencepatternsandexpressionsdescribingresearchfindingsandconclusionsDetaileddescriptionThesentencestructureofresearchresults:Usually,theresearchresultsaresummarizedfirst,followedbyadetaileddescriptionofeachresult,andfinallyasummaryofthemainfindings.Sentenceexpressionofconclusion:Commonsentencestructuressuchas"Thefindingssuggestthat..."or"Theresultssupporttheconclusionthat..."areusedtoexpresstheconclusion.SentencepatternsandexpressionsdescribingresearchfindingsandconclusionsSummarywords:OthercommonlyusedsentencepatternsandexpressionsOthercommonlyusedpresencepatternsandexpressions01Detaileddescription02Thesentencestructureofcitation:Usually,sentencestructuressuchas"Accordingto[source]"or"As[source]hasshown"areusedtocitereferences.03Theexpressionofemphasissentences:sentencestructuressuchas"Itisimportanttonotethat..."or"Itshouldbeemphasizedthat..."arecommonlyusedtoemphasizecertaininformation.OthercommonlyusedpresencepatternsandexpressionsExampleanalysisofEnglishabstractsinscientificpapers04ExcellentSummaryCharacteristicsCompleteness:Providesacomprehensiveoverviewoftheresearchproblem,methods,results,andconclusionsBrevity:DistillsthesessionofthepaperintoaconsensusandfocusedsummaryExcellentSummaryExampleAnalysisDescribetheresearchindependently,avoidingsuperlativesorsubjectiveopinionsUseclearandpreciselanguagetocommunicatecomplexideas"Inthisstudy,weinvestedtheimpactofXonY,utilizingarandomizedcontrolledtrial.WefoundthatXsignificantlyimprovedY,withameanincreaseofZ.Theseresultshaveimplicationsforfutureresearchandclinicalpractice."ObjectivityClarityExampleExcellentSummaryExampleAnalysisProblemSummaryCharacteristicsIncompleteness:Omitskeyinformationsuchasmethods,results,orconclusionsLength:Toolongorrambling,stackingconsistencyandfocusProblemSummaryExampleAnalysisSubjectivity:IncludespersonalopinionsorbiasesinthesummaryProblemSummaryExampleAnalysisVagueLanguageispreciseorunclearExample"ThispaperisabouttheeffectsofXonY.Itwasarandomizedcontrolledtrialandtheresultswereinteresting.Theconclusionisimportantforfutureresearch."ProblemSummaryExampleAnalysisUsingsubjectivelanguageorsuperlativesintheabstractLakeofObjectivityFailingtoprovideallnecessaryinformationsuchasmethods,results,orconclusionsIncompletenessUsingprecisionorunclearlanguagetodescribetheresearchVagueExcessivelylongabstractsthatlakeconsistencyandfocusLengthAnalysisofcommonerrorsinstudentabstractsPracticeandsuggestionsforwritingEnglishabstractsinscientificpapers05SummaryWriting:ProvideabriefoverviewofthemainpointsandfindingsofthescientificpaperUseActiveVoice:WriteintheactivevoicetomaketheabstractmoreconsensusanddirectFocusonResults:HighlightthemostsignificantresultsandconclusionsofthestudyAverageJargonandTechnicalTerminology:Useplainlanguagetoensureabroadaudiencecanunderstandtheabstrac