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高中英語課件：人教版選修5Unit2LanguageLanguageisapowerfultoolthatallowsustocommunicatewitheachotherandexpressourthoughtsandfeelings.Inthispresentation,wewillexplorethebeauty,complexity,anddiversityoflanguage.BasicConceptsofLanguageFormandMeaningLanguageisasystemofcommunicationthatcombinessounds,words,andgrammartocreatemeaning.ArbitrarinessTherelationshipbetweenawordanditsmeaningisarbitraryanddeterminedbysocialconventions.ProductivityLanguageisinfinitelyproductive,meaningthatitcangeneratenewsentencesandideas.DisplacementLanguageallowsustotalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresentinspaceortime,suchasthepast,future,orhypotheticalscenarios.LanguageAcquisitionandDevelopment1BehaviorismLanguageacquisitionistheresultofimitation,reinforcement,andhabitformation.2NativismHumansarebornwithaninnateabilitytolearnlanguage,whichisfacilitatedbyspecializedbrainstructures.3CognitiveDevelopmentLanguageacquisitioniscloselytiedtocognitivedevelopmentandinvolvesthechild'sactiveconstructionoflinguisticandconceptualcategories.TheStructureofLanguageGrammarGrammaristhesystemofrulesthatgovernsthestructureandorganizationofwordsandsentencesinalanguage.VocabularyVocabularyreferstothesetofwordsthataspeakerofalanguageknowsandusestocommunicate.SyntaxSyntaxisthestudyofhowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandhowsentencesarestructuredtoexpressmeaning.DiscourseDiscourseisthestudyofthelargerunitsoflanguagethatextendbeyondthesentencelevel,suchasconversations,stories,andtexts.PhoneticsandPhonologyPhoneticsPhoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsandhowtheyareproduced,transmitted,andperceived.PhonologyPhonologyisthestudyoftheabstractmentalrepresentationsofspeechsoundsandtherulesthatgoverntheirdistributionandcombinationinalanguage.IntonationIntonationreferstotheriseandfallofpitchinspeechandhowitcontributestomeaningandexpression.MorphologyandSyntaxMorphologyMorphologyisthestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandhowtheyareformedfromsmallerunitscalledmorphemes.SyntaxSyntaxisthestudyoftherulesthatgovernthestructureandorganizationofsentencesinalanguage.TreeDiagramAtreediagramisagraphicalrepresentationofthehierarchicalstructureofasentence.SemanticsandPragmatics1SemanticsSemanticsisthestudyofmeaninginlanguageandhowwordsandsentencesconveyinformation.2PragmaticsPragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersuselanguageincontexttoachievetheircommunicativegoals.LanguageVariationandChangeDialectsDialectsareregionalorsocialvarietiesofalanguagethatdifferinpronunciation,vocabulary,andgrammar.SociolinguisticsSociolinguisticsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety,includingissuesofpower,identity,andprejudice.LanguageChangeLanguageisconstantlychangingovertimeduetovarioussocial,cultural,andhistoricalfactors.LanguageandSocietyMultilingualismMostpeopleintheworldarebilingualormultilingual,meaningthattheyusemorethanonelanguageintheirdailylives.LanguageMinoritiesLanguageminoritiesaregroupsofpeoplewhospeakaminoritylanguage

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