微生物燃料電池中產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制及其應(yīng)用

微生物燃料電池中產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制及其應(yīng)用一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle微生物燃料電池（MicrobialFuelCells,MFCs）是一種利用微生物將有機(jī)物質(zhì)直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的裝置。這種技術(shù)結(jié)合了生物催化和電化學(xué)過程，通過產(chǎn)電菌與電極之間的相互作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)了能量的有效轉(zhuǎn)化。本文旨在深入探討微生物燃料電池中產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制，以及這一技術(shù)在環(huán)境科學(xué)、能源科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景。我們將首先概述MFCs的基本原理和構(gòu)造，然后重點(diǎn)分析產(chǎn)電菌與電極之間的電子傳遞機(jī)制，包括直接電子傳遞和間接電子傳遞兩種方式。我們還將討論MFCs的性能影響因素，如電極材料、微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、操作條件等。我們將展望MFCs在廢水處理、可再生能源生產(chǎn)以及環(huán)境監(jiān)測等方面的潛在應(yīng)用，并討論當(dāng)前面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和未來可能的研究方向。通過本文的闡述，我們希望能夠?yàn)镸FCs的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和應(yīng)用提供理論支持和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。MicrobialFuelCells(MFCs)aredevicesthatusemicroorganismstodirectlyconvertorganicmatterintoelectricity.Thistechnologycombinesbiocatalysisandelectrochemicalprocesses,achievingeffectiveenergyconversionthroughtheinteractionbetweenelectricityproducingbacteriaandelectrodes.Thisarticleaimstoexploreindepththemechanismofactionbetweenmicrobialfuelcellsandelectrodes,aswellastheapplicationprospectsofthistechnologyinenvironmentalscience,energyscience,andotherfields.WewillfirstoutlinethebasicprinciplesandconstructionofMFCs,andthenfocusonanalyzingtheelectrontransfermechanismbetweentheelectrogenicbacteriaandtheelectrode,includingdirectandindirectelectrontransfer.WewillalsodiscusstheperformanceinfluencingfactorsofMFCs,suchaselectrodematerials,microbialcommunitystructure,operatingconditions,etc.WewilllookforwardtothepotentialapplicationsofMFCsinwastewatertreatment,renewableenergyproduction,andenvironmentalmonitoring,anddiscussthecurrentchallengesandpossiblefutureresearchdirections.Throughtheexplanationinthisarticle,wehopetoprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthefurtherdevelopmentandapplicationofMFCs.二、產(chǎn)電菌的基本特性Basiccharacteristicsofelectrogenicbacteria產(chǎn)電菌是一類具有獨(dú)特代謝機(jī)制的微生物，它們能夠在厭氧或微好氧環(huán)境中，通過將有機(jī)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行不完全氧化，產(chǎn)生電子和質(zhì)子。這些電子可以通過細(xì)胞內(nèi)的電子傳遞鏈傳遞到細(xì)胞外，進(jìn)而與陽極發(fā)生電子交換。這一過程中，產(chǎn)電菌能夠利用多種有機(jī)底物，如葡萄糖、乳酸、乙酸等，進(jìn)行生物電化學(xué)反應(yīng)，生成電能和有價(jià)值的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。Electrogenicbacteriaareatypeofmicroorganismswithuniquemetabolicmechanismsthatcanproduceelectronsandprotonsbypartiallyoxidizingorganicmatterinanaerobicormicroaerobicenvironments.Theseelectronscanbetransferredtotheoutsideofthecellthroughtheintracellularelectrontransferchain,andthenundergoelectronexchangewiththeanode.Duringthisprocess,electrogenicbacteriacanutilizevariousorganicsubstratessuchasglucose,lacticacid,aceticacid,etc.toundergobioelectrochemicalreactions,generatingelectricityandvaluablechemicals.產(chǎn)電菌通常具有較高的電子傳遞效率，這得益于它們細(xì)胞內(nèi)高度優(yōu)化的電子傳遞鏈。這些微生物能夠在細(xì)胞膜上形成特殊的電子傳遞蛋白，如細(xì)胞色素c和細(xì)胞色素氧化酶等，這些蛋白能夠?qū)㈦娮痈咝У貍鬟f到細(xì)胞外。產(chǎn)電菌還能夠分泌電子介體，如核黃素、黃素單核苷酸等，以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)電子的傳遞。Electricityproducingbacteriatypicallyhavehighelectrontransferefficiency,thankstotheirhighlyoptimizedelectrontransferchainswithinthecell.Thesemicroorganismscanformspecialelectrontransferproteinsonthecellmembrane,suchascytochromecandcytochromeoxidase,whichcanefficientlytransferelectronstotheoutsideofthecell.Electrogenicbacteriacanalsosecreteelectronmediators,suchasriboflavinandflavinmononucleotides,tofurtherpromoteelectrontransfer.除了高效的電子傳遞能力外，產(chǎn)電菌還具有較好的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。它們能夠在不同的溫度、pH值和鹽度等條件下生長和產(chǎn)電，這使得微生物燃料電池在各種環(huán)境中都有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。產(chǎn)電菌還具有較快的生長速度和較高的生物量產(chǎn)量，這使得微生物燃料電池能夠快速啟動并達(dá)到較高的產(chǎn)電水平。Inadditiontoitsefficientelectrontransferability,electrogenicbacteriaalsohavegoodenvironmentaladaptability.Theycangrowandgenerateelectricityunderdifferentconditionssuchastemperature,pH,andsalinity,whichmakesmicrobialfuelcellshavepotentialapplicationvalueinvariousenvironments.Electricityproducingbacteriaalsohaveafastgrowthrateandhighbiomassyield,whichenablesmicrobialfuelcellstostartquicklyandachievehighlevelsofelectricityproduction.產(chǎn)電菌的基本特性為微生物燃料電池的應(yīng)用提供了可能。通過深入研究產(chǎn)電菌的代謝機(jī)制、電子傳遞機(jī)制以及環(huán)境適應(yīng)性等方面的特性，有望進(jìn)一步提高微生物燃料電池的產(chǎn)電效率和穩(wěn)定性，推動其在能源和環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用發(fā)展。Thebasiccharacteristicsofelectricityproducingbacteriaprovidepossibilitiesfortheapplicationofmicrobialfuelcells.Throughin-depthresearchonthemetabolicmechanism,electrontransfermechanism,andenvironmentaladaptabilityofelectricityproducingbacteria,itisexpectedtofurtherimprovethepowergenerationefficiencyandstabilityofmicrobialfuelcells,andpromotetheirapplicationanddevelopmentinthefieldsofenergyandenvironment.三、MFC中產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制ThemechanismofactionbetweenMFCelectrogenicbacteriaandelectrodes微生物燃料電池（MFC）是一種將微生物的代謝活動產(chǎn)生的電子直接傳遞到電極上，從而產(chǎn)生電流的技術(shù)。這一過程中，產(chǎn)電菌起著至關(guān)重要的作用。MFC中的產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制涉及到多個(gè)復(fù)雜的生物學(xué)和電化學(xué)過程。Microbialfuelcell(MFC)isatechnologythatdirectlytransferselectronsgeneratedbymicrobialmetabolicactivitiestotheelectrode,therebygeneratinganelectriccurrent.Duringthisprocess,electrogenicbacteriaplayacrucialrole.ThemechanismofinteractionbetweenelectrogenicbacteriaandelectrodesinMFCinvolvesmultiplecomplexbiologicalandelectrochemicalprocesses.產(chǎn)電菌通過細(xì)胞膜上的電子傳遞鏈將有機(jī)物氧化產(chǎn)生的電子傳遞到細(xì)胞外。這些產(chǎn)電菌通常具有一種特殊的細(xì)胞膜蛋白，稱為細(xì)胞色素c，它們能夠?qū)㈦娮訌募?xì)胞內(nèi)傳遞到細(xì)胞外。Electrogenicbacteriatransfertheelectronsgeneratedbyorganicmatteroxidationtotheoutsideofthecellthroughtheelectrontransferchainonthecellmembrane.Theseelectrogenicbacteriatypicallyhaveaspecialcellmembraneproteincalledcytochromec,whichcantransferelectronsfrominsidethecelltooutsidethecell.然后，產(chǎn)電菌通過直接接觸或通過導(dǎo)電介質(zhì)（如納米導(dǎo)線或生物膜）將電子傳遞到MFC的陽極上。這些電子在陽極上被氧化劑（如氧氣或鐵氰化物）接受，產(chǎn)生電流。同時(shí)，陽極上的反應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生質(zhì)子（H+），這些質(zhì)子通過MFC的質(zhì)子交換膜傳遞到陰極室，與陰極上的電子和氧氣反應(yīng)，生成水。Then,theelectricityproducingbacteriatransferelectronstotheanodeoftheMFCthroughdirectcontactorthroughconductivemediasuchasnanowiresorbiofilms.Theseelectronsareacceptedbyoxidants(suchasoxygenorferrocyanide)ontheanode,generatinganelectriccurrent.Atthesametime,thereactionontheanodeproducesprotons(H+),whicharetransferredtothecathodechamberthroughtheprotonexchangemembraneofMFCandreactwithelectronsandoxygenonthecathodetogeneratewater.MFC中的產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制還涉及到電子傳遞鏈的調(diào)節(jié)和優(yōu)化。為了提高M(jìn)FC的性能，研究者們通常會對產(chǎn)電菌進(jìn)行基因改造，增強(qiáng)其電子傳遞能力。他們還會優(yōu)化MFC的電極材料、結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行環(huán)境，以提高電子傳遞效率和電流輸出。ThemechanismofinteractionbetweentheelectricityproducingbacteriaandelectrodesinMFCalsoinvolvestheregulationandoptimizationoftheelectrontransferchain.InordertoimprovetheperformanceofMFC,researchersusuallygeneticallymodifytheelectricityproducingbacteriatoenhancetheirelectrontransferability.Theywillalsooptimizetheelectrodematerials,structure,andoperatingenvironmentofMFCtoimproveelectrontransferefficiencyandcurrentoutput.MFC中產(chǎn)電菌與電極的作用機(jī)制是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的生物學(xué)和電化學(xué)過程。通過深入研究和優(yōu)化這一過程，我們可以進(jìn)一步提高M(jìn)FC的性能，為可持續(xù)能源生產(chǎn)和環(huán)境治理提供新的解決方案。ThemechanismofinteractionbetweenMFCproducingbacteriaandelectrodesisacomplexbiologicalandelectrochemicalprocess.Byconductingin-depthresearchandoptimizingthisprocess,wecanfurtherimprovetheperformanceofMFCandprovidenewsolutionsforsustainableenergyproductionandenvironmentalgovernance.四、MFC的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域TheapplicationareasofMFC微生物燃料電池（MFC）作為一種新興的能源技術(shù)，其獨(dú)特的產(chǎn)電機(jī)制和應(yīng)用前景已引起了全球科研人員的廣泛關(guān)注。作為一種將有機(jī)物質(zhì)直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的裝置，MFC在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出了廣闊的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。Microbialfuelcells(MFC),asanemergingenergytechnology,haveattractedwidespreadattentionfromglobalresearchersduetotheiruniqueelectricitygenerationmechanismandapplicationprospects.Asadevicethatdirectlyconvertsorganicmatterintoelectricity,MFChasshownbroadapplicationvalueinmultiplefields.MFC在環(huán)境修復(fù)和治理方面有著顯著的應(yīng)用。通過MFC處理含有有機(jī)污染物的廢水，不僅能實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)物的有效降解，同時(shí)還能產(chǎn)生電能。這一過程中，產(chǎn)電菌在電極上的作用機(jī)制使得MFC在去除有機(jī)物的同時(shí)，還能去除重金屬離子和其他有害物質(zhì)，為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供了新的手段。MFChassignificantapplicationsinenvironmentalremediationandgovernance.UsingMFCtotreatwastewatercontainingorganicpollutantscannotonlyachieveeffectivedegradationoforganicmatter,butalsogenerateelectricity.Duringthisprocess,themechanismofactionofelectrogenicbacteriaontheelectrodeenablesMFCtoremovenotonlyorganicmatterbutalsoheavymetalionsandotherharmfulsubstances,providinganewmeansforenvironmentalprotection.MFC作為一種可再生能源技術(shù)，對于能源的開發(fā)與利用具有重要意義。通過將MFC與太陽能、風(fēng)能等可再生能源結(jié)合，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的持續(xù)供應(yīng)和高效利用。MFC還可用于偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)或缺乏傳統(tǒng)能源的地方，為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁╇娏χС帧FC,asarenewableenergytechnology,isofgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentandutilizationofenergy.BycombiningMFCwithrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindenergy,sustainableenergysupplyandefficientutilizationcanbeachieved.MFCcanalsobeusedinremoteareasorareaslackingtraditionalenergysourcestoprovideelectricitysupportforlocalresidents.MFC在生物傳感器和生物技術(shù)領(lǐng)域也展現(xiàn)出了潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。產(chǎn)電菌與電極之間的作用機(jī)制為生物傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)提供了新思路。通過監(jiān)測MFC的電流輸出，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對環(huán)境中特定物質(zhì)的快速、靈敏檢測。同時(shí)，MFC還可用于生物電子學(xué)領(lǐng)域，為生物分子電子器件的研發(fā)提供有力支持。MFChasalsoshownpotentialapplicationvalueinthefieldsofbiosensorsandbiotechnology.Themechanismofinteractionbetweenelectrogenicbacteriaandelectrodesprovidesnewideasforthedesignofbiosensors.BymonitoringthecurrentoutputofMFC,rapidandsensitivedetectionofspecificsubstancesintheenvironmentcanbeachieved.Meanwhile,MFCcanalsobeusedinthefieldofbioelectronics,providingstrongsupportforthedevelopmentofbiomolecularelectronicdevices.在農(nóng)業(yè)和食品工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，MFC也具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。例如，MFC可用于處理農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物和食品加工廢水，實(shí)現(xiàn)有機(jī)物的資源化利用和廢水的凈化處理。MFC產(chǎn)生的電能還可用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉、溫室供暖和食品加工設(shè)備的供電等方面。MFCalsohascertainapplicationvalueinthefieldsofagricultureandfoodindustry.Forexample,MFCcanbeusedtotreatagriculturalwasteandfoodprocessingwastewater,achievingtheresourceutilizationoforganicmatterandthepurificationtreatmentofwastewater.TheelectricitygeneratedbyMFCcanalsobeusedforagriculturalirrigation,greenhouseheating,andpowersupplyforfoodprocessingequipment.MFC在環(huán)境修復(fù)、能源開發(fā)、生物傳感器、農(nóng)業(yè)與食品工業(yè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。隨著對MFC產(chǎn)電菌與電極作用機(jī)制的深入研究和技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，MFC的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?qū)訌V泛，其在未來社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展中將發(fā)揮重要作用。MFChasbroadapplicationprospectsinvariousfieldssuchasenvironmentalremediation,energydevelopment,biosensors,agricultureandfoodindustry.Withthein-depthresearchonthemechanismofMFCelectricityproducingbacteriaandelectrodesandthecontinuousprogressoftechnology,theapplicationfieldsofMFCwillbemoreextensive,anditwillplayanimportantroleinthesustainabledevelopmentoffuturesociety.五、MFC面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與展望ThechallengesandprospectsfacedbyMFC微生物燃料電池（MFC）作為一種新興的能源技術(shù)，盡管在理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)上取得了一些令人鼓舞的成果，但仍面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。這些挑戰(zhàn)包括提高M(jìn)FC的產(chǎn)電效率、降低成本、優(yōu)化電極材料、提高微生物群落的多樣性和活性，以及解決MFC在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的規(guī)模化和長期運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性問題。Microbialfuelcells(MFC),asanemergingenergytechnology,haveachievedsomeencouragingresultsintheoryandexperiment,butstillfacemanychallenges.ThesechallengesincludeimprovingthepowergenerationefficiencyofMFC,reducingcosts,optimizingelectrodematerials,increasingthediversityandactivityofmicrobialcommunities,andaddressingthescalabilityandlong-termoperationalstabilityissuesofMFCinpracticalapplications.提高M(jìn)FC的產(chǎn)電效率是當(dāng)前研究的重點(diǎn)。這需要通過優(yōu)化電極材料、改善微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、提高底物利用率和減少能量損失等途徑來實(shí)現(xiàn)。MFC的成本問題也不容忽視。降低MFC的制造成本和運(yùn)行成本，提高其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，是推動MFC實(shí)際應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵因素。ImprovingthepowergenerationefficiencyofMFCiscurrentlythefocusofresearch.Thisneedstobeachievedthroughoptimizingelectrodematerials,improvingmicrobialcommunitystructure,increasingsubstrateutilization,andreducingenergyloss.ThecostissueofMFCcannotbeignored.ReducingthemanufacturingandoperatingcostsofMFC,improvingitseconomicbenefits,isakeyfactorinpromotingthepracticalapplicationofMFC.優(yōu)化電極材料是提高M(jìn)FC性能的重要手段。目前，MFC常用的電極材料包括碳布、碳紙、石墨等，但這些材料在導(dǎo)電性、穩(wěn)定性、生物相容性等方面仍有待提高。因此，開發(fā)新型電極材料，如納米材料、復(fù)合材料等，以提高M(jìn)FC的產(chǎn)電性能和穩(wěn)定性，是當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。OptimizingelectrodematerialsisanimportantmeanstoimprovetheperformanceofMFC.Atpresent,thecommonlyusedelectrodematerialsforMFCincludecarboncloth,carbonpaper,graphite,etc.,butthesematerialsstillneedtobeimprovedintermsofconductivity,stability,biocompatibility,etc.Therefore,developingnewelectrodematerials,suchasnanomaterials,compositematerials,etc.,toimprovethepowergenerationperformanceandstabilityofMFCisoneofthecurrentresearchhotspots.提高微生物群落的多樣性和活性也是MFC研究的重要方向。微生物群落在MFC中扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色，其多樣性和活性直接影響MFC的產(chǎn)電性能和穩(wěn)定性。因此，通過調(diào)控MFC中的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化運(yùn)行條件、引入外源微生物等手段，提高微生物群落的多樣性和活性，是提高M(jìn)FC性能的有效途徑。ImprovingthediversityandactivityofmicrobialcommunitiesisalsoanimportantdirectionofMFCresearch.ThemicrobialcommunityplaysacrucialroleinMFC,anditsdiversityandactivitydirectlyaffectthepowergenerationperformanceandstabilityofMFC.Therefore,byregulatingthemicrobialcommunitystructureinMFC,optimizingoperatingconditions,andintroducingexogenousmicroorganisms,improvingthediversityandactivityofmicrobialcommunitiesisaneffectivewaytoimprovetheperformanceofMFC.MFC在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的規(guī)?；烷L期運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性問題也是亟待解決的挑戰(zhàn)。目前，MFC的研究主要集中在實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)MFC的規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用，提高其長期運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性，是MFC走向?qū)嶋H應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵。這需要深入研究MFC在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的運(yùn)行機(jī)制、影響因素和優(yōu)化策略，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)MFC在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的示范和推廣工作。Thescalabilityandlong-termoperationalstabilityofMFCinpracticalapplicationsarealsourgentchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Atpresent,researchonMFCmainlyfocusesonlaboratoryscale.Howtoachievelarge-scaleapplicationofMFCandimproveitslong-termstabilityisthekeytoitspracticalapplication.Thisrequiresin-depthresearchontheoperationalmechanism,influencingfactors,andoptimizationstrategiesofMFCinpracticalapplications,whilestrengtheningthedemonstrationandpromotionofMFCinpracticalapplications.展望未來，MFC作為一種可持續(xù)的能源技術(shù)，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，MFC的性能和穩(wěn)定性將得到進(jìn)一步提升，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也將不斷拓展。例如，MFC可應(yīng)用于污水處理、生物質(zhì)能源轉(zhuǎn)化、環(huán)境監(jiān)測等領(lǐng)域，實(shí)現(xiàn)能源與環(huán)境的雙重效益。隨著新型電極材料、微生物群落調(diào)控技術(shù)等研究的深入，MFC的產(chǎn)電效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益將得到進(jìn)一步提高，為可再生能源技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力。Lookingaheadtothefuture,MFC,asasustainableenergytechnology,hasbroadapplicationprospects.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theperformanceandstabilityofMFCwillbefurtherimproved,anditsapplicationareaswillalsocontinuetoexpand.Forexample,MFCcanbeappliedinfieldssuchassewagetreatment,biomassenergyconversion,environmentalmonitoring,etc.,achievingdualbenefitsofenergyandenvironment.Withthedeepeningofresearchonnewelectrodematerialsandmicrobialcommunityregulationtechnologies,thepowergenerationefficiencyandeconomicbenefitsofMFCwillbefurtherimproved,injectingnewvitalityintothedevelopmentofrenewableenergytechnologies.MFC作為一種新興的能源技術(shù)，盡管面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，但其在可持續(xù)發(fā)展和能源利用方面的巨大潛力不容忽視。通過深入研究MFC的作用機(jī)制、優(yōu)化電極材料、提高微生物群落多樣性和活性、解決規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用等問題，MFC有望在未來實(shí)現(xiàn)更廣泛的應(yīng)用，為人類社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出重要貢獻(xiàn)。Asanemergingenergytechnology,althoughfacingmanychallenges,theenormouspotentialofMFCinsustainabledevelopmentandenergyutilizationcannotbeignored.Throughin-depthresearchonthemechanismofactionofMFC,optimizationofelectrodematerials,improvementofmicrobialcommunitydiversityandactivity,andresolutionoflarge-scaleapplications,MFCisexpectedtoachievewiderapplicationsinthefutureandmakeimportantcontributionstothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.六、結(jié)論Conclusion隨著對可再生能源和環(huán)保技術(shù)的深入研究，微生物燃料電池（MFCs）作為一種新興的能源轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)，其獨(dú)特的將有機(jī)廢棄物直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的能力受到了廣泛關(guān)注。本文詳細(xì)探討了MFCs中的關(guān)鍵組成部分——產(chǎn)電菌與電極之間的作用機(jī)制，并概述了其在各種應(yīng)用中的潛力。Withthein-depthresearchonrenewableenergyandenvironmentalprotectiontechnologies,microbialfuelcells(MFCs),asanemergingenergyconversiontechnology,haveattractedwidespreadattentionfortheiruniqueabilitytodirectlyconvertorganicwasteintoelectricity.ThisarticleprovidesadetailedexplorationofthekeycomponentsofMFCs-themechanismofinteractionbetweenelectrogenicbacteriaandelectrodes,andoutlinestheirpotentialinvariousapplications.我們深入了解了產(chǎn)電菌在MFCs中的作用機(jī)制。這些微生物通過氧化有機(jī)物質(zhì)，釋放電子，并將其傳遞到陽極，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電能的產(chǎn)生。此過程中，產(chǎn)電菌與陽極之間形成了緊密的生物電化學(xué)界面，通過直接電子傳遞或間接電子傳遞的方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電子的高效轉(zhuǎn)移。這種獨(dú)特的生物電化學(xué)過程不僅提高了MFCs的能源轉(zhuǎn)換效率，也為有機(jī)廢棄物的處理和資源化利用提供了新的途徑。WehavegainedadeeperunderstandingofthemechanismofactionofelectrogenicbacteriainMFCs.Thesemicroorganismsgenerateelectricitybyoxidizingorganicmatter,releasingelectrons,andtransferringthemtotheanode.Duringthisprocess,atightbioelectrochemicalinterfaceisformedbetweentheelectricityproducingbacteriaandtheanode,achievingefficientelectrontransferthroughdirectorindirectelectrontransfer.ThisuniquebioelectrochemicalprocessnotonlyimprovestheenergyconversionefficiencyofMFCs,butalsoprovidesnewavenuesforthetreatmentandresourceutilizationoforganicwaste.我們討論了MFCs在不同領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景。由于其