情態(tài)動詞的用法歸納終極版

PAGE1情態(tài)動詞的用法要點情態(tài)動詞的基本用法Cancould表示能力，允許和有把握的推斷May,might表允許、祝愿，表推測語氣輕如棉Must表必須、必要，表推測預期重如山Shall用于一三人稱征求意見；用于二三人稱表說話人的命令、允諾、威脅或警告也常見Should=oughtto表可能、建議、命令或勸告。Will，would表意志、意愿和習慣；用于第二人稱疑問句征求意見；用于二三人稱表推測也常見。Need，dare兼作實動和情動Need作情動，在疑問或否定中顯神通Dare作情動，只“敢于”用在疑問、否定或條件句中10.Dare作實動，后接to句子才通11.情態(tài)動詞+完成時的用法12.情態(tài)動詞語氣的強弱13.would和usedto（do）的區(qū)別14.must和haveto的區(qū)別15.其它can和could情態(tài)動詞用法例句can/could表示能力1．“Idon’tthinkMikecantype.”“Yes,hecan.”2．IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.在肯定句中，表示客觀可能性，并不涉及具體某事會發(fā)生，常用來說明人或事物的特征。要表達具體某事實際發(fā)生的可能性時，不用can，需用could，may，might。Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.I’mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.Imaystayathomethisweekend.（實際可能性）Petermightcometojoinus.(實際可能性)Itwillbesunnyinthedaytime,butitcouldraintonight.(實際可能性)表示請求和允許。表示請求，口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉。Canweturntheairconditioneron?Anypoliceofficercaninsistonseeingadriver’slicense.Insoccer,youcan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.Couldyouhavehercallmebackwhenshegetshome,please?IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)進行主觀的猜測，主要用在否定句和疑問句中。Itcan’tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度，主要用在否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中。Canthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthemhelp?Thiscan’tbetrue.Howcanyoubesocrazy.特別說明：could用來表示請求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應用can（即：could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如：——CouldIuseyourdictionary?——Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,I’mafraidnot.)can和beableto辨析can(could)和beableto都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而beableto則有更多的形式。如：I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?但是，表示在過去某時的某一場合經(jīng)過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereableto來表示。這時，was/wereableto相當于managedtodo或succeedindoing。如：Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.(3)慣用形式“cannot…too…”表示“無論怎么……也不（過分）”。如：Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。慣用形式“cannotbut+不定式（不帶to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如：Icannotbutadmireherdetermination.我不得不欽佩你的決心。二．may和might情態(tài)動詞用法例句may/might表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用hadbetternot(最好別)或maynot（不可以），語氣較為委婉。MayIcomeinandwait?——MayIsmokehere?——No,youmustn’t(或No,you’dbetternot.)在表示請求、允許時，might比may語氣更委婉些。用MayI征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語中，用CanI征詢對方意見更為常見。MightIborrowyourpen?IwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.表示可能性的推測，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may時，則語氣顯得更加不肯定。Itmayrainthisafternoon.Shemightcometojoinusthisafternoon.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain.may用于祈使句表示祝愿Mayyousucceed.Longmayhelive!愿他能持續(xù)住下去。Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。慣用句式：“maywell+動詞原形”，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當于tobeverylikelyto“mayaswell或might(just)aswell+動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當于“hadbetter或thereisnoreasontodoanythingelse.ItmaywellchangeforeverthewayyoulookatGreekart.Theremaywellbearealproblemhere.Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow,we’llfindoutsoonerorlater.Isupposewemightaswellgohome.Andifyouhavetoploughthefieldanyway,youmightaswellplantitatthesametime.二．must和haveto情態(tài)動詞用法例句must表示“必須，應該”之意，語氣比should，oughtto強烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不準，不應該，禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答帶有must的問句時，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.(No,youneedn’t)表示有把握的推測，意為“一定、準是、相必”，只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.havetohaveto“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去式都是一種形式，而haveto則涉及各種人稱、時態(tài)等方面的變化形式。1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.兩者的否定意義不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不許”，don’thaveto表示不必。Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.四．shall和should情態(tài)動詞用法例句shall用于第一、二、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問句，表示征求對方意見或請求指示ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwesay6o’clock,then?WhatshallIgetfordinner?用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Don’tworry,youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon.(允諾)Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Ifyouchildrendon’tdoasItellyou,youshallnotgototheparty.(威脅)should表示勸告或建議，意為“應該”WhatshouldIdo?ShouldItrusthim?Youshouldreadhisnewbook.表示推測，用在肯定句中，對現(xiàn)在的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的主觀推測或期待。意為“想必，大概，或許”Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.TryphoningRobert,heshouldbehomenow.Heshouldbearoundsixtyyearsold.還可以用在if引導的條件句中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語用should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，主句都一定用虛擬語氣AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim.(你萬一見到湯姆，請讓他給我打個電話)ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.(萬一我明天有時間，我就過來)Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenly,pleaseletmeknow.(萬一情況突變，請通知我)用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異的情緒，意為“竟會”，與why，what，how，who連用，如果是疑問句，則不需要回答。WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?Don’taskme.HowshouldIknow?五．will和would情態(tài)動詞用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway.(他首歌自行其是的人。)Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10:30atthestation.表示請求、建議等，用would比用will委婉、客氣。Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?表示習慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于”。will至現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Peoplewilltalk.(人們總會說閑話。)Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.表示推測，意為“很可能，大概”。will表示推測比should把握大，比must把握小。Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenhelefthome.表示功能，意為“能，行”。慣用形式：willdo/woulddo表示“解決問題”、“就行”。Thatwillbeallright.Eitherpenwilldo.Itwouldnotdotoworktoolate.（工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、“不樂意”1．Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.2．NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.特別說明：would與usedto辨析would可用來表示過去反復出現(xiàn)的動作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，所以我們不能說：“shewouldbeaquietgirl.”另外，would強調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而usedto則著眼于過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)則的習慣，usedto則不可。如：Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.Iusedtogetupatsixinthemorning.Sometimesshewouldtakeawalkintheneighboringwoods.Inthosedays,wheneverIhaddifficulties,IwouldgotoMr.Chenforhelp.六．need和dare情態(tài)動詞用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑問句，只有現(xiàn)在時，過去式要用needn'thave，疑問式用need+人稱?,否定式用neednot(即needn't），1．—Needweleavesoon?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)2．Youneedn'thavehurried.(=Itwasnotnecessaryforyoutohurry，butyoudid).你當時不必這么匆忙。做實義動詞時，其變化與一般的實義動詞相同，后接帶to的不定式（needdoing=needtobedone）,過去式用needed、didyouneed?和didn'tneed,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑問式用do、does、did提問，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.(need+名詞，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)2．Heneedstoseeadoctor.(needtodo)3．Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?(needsomebodytodosomething)4．Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中1．—Dareyoutellherthetruth?—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!Hedaren’tadmitthis.用作實義動詞時，其變化與一般的實義動詞相同。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。Onlyafewjournalistsdaredtocoverthestory.Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?七．ought的用法：情態(tài)動詞用法例句oughttodo表示“應該”之意Yououghttotakecareofhim.—OughtIgonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.表示推測。注意與must表示推測是的區(qū)別Hemustbehomebynow.(斷定他已到家)Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定)Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比較直率)Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比較含蓄)說明：should與oughtto表示“應該”時的區(qū)別should表示自己的主觀看法，而oughtto的語氣中，含有“按道理應該……”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務和規(guī)定，一般用oughtto。如：Youshouldhelpthemwiththeirwork.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceivegoodeducation.情態(tài)動詞表推測1.

熟記情態(tài)動詞的語氣特點和用法限制。

1）表示肯定的猜測時，各情態(tài)動詞語氣強弱如下：

最強——must（一定）

will

（很有可能）

would（很有可能）

ought

to（應該，很有可能）

should（應該，很有可能）

can（可能）

could（可能）

may（可能）

最弱——might（可能）

肯定句不能用can;否定句mustn't需讓賢；疑問句can,could伸手大顯。2）表示否定的猜測時can't

/

couldn't語氣最強，指“不可能”；may

/

might

not語氣最弱，意思是“可能不”。

3)一些情態(tài)動詞表猜測時的用法限制。

must只用于肯定句；

may/

might一般不用于疑問句；

could可用于各種句式；而can多用于否定句、疑問句，用于肯定句時，多指“客觀可能性”。如：Lightning

can

be

very

dangerous.閃電可能會非常危險。

把握題干猜測語氣的強弱。

題干中如果有客觀依據(jù)，應該選擇猜測語氣最強的情態(tài)動詞；如果沒有客觀依據(jù)，則應選擇猜測語氣最弱的情態(tài)動詞。如：

—Are

you

coming

to

Jeff's

party?

—I'm

not

sure.

I

________go

to

the

concert

instead.

must

B.

would

C.

should

D.might

本題中的猜測沒有客觀依據(jù)。說話人對是否會去參加聚會還沒拿定主意，去聽音樂會也僅僅是有可能而已。因此，應選語氣最弱項，答案為D“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”用法不再對一件事情是否發(fā)生進行猜測，而是對已發(fā)生的事表達自己的看法，

有時具有一定的感情色彩。

情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法例句musthavedone表示主觀上對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進行推測，意為“想必，準是，一定做了某事”Shemusthavegonethroughalot.HemusthavevisitedtheWhiteHouseduringhisstayintheUnitedStates.may/mighthavedone表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。Youmayhavelearntthenews.Hemaynothaveheardhisnamecalled.SorryI’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.can…h(huán)avedonecannothavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。（can換成could時語氣委婉）Wherecanshehavegone?Couldhehavedonesuchafoolishthing?Theboycan’thavefinishedreadingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficulteventoanadult.couldhavedone可用于肯定句中，could

have

done本可能（卻沒有）有一種對過去為付諸實施的事情的惋惜。He

could

have

caught

the

early

bus,

but

he

was

delayed

by

helping

a

stranger.他本能夠趕上早班車；他是因為幫一個陌生人而晚點的。mighthavedonemight

have

done本可以做（卻沒有），有時表示很委婉的責備。You

might

have

phoned

me,

though

you

were

busy

then.你再忙也該給我打個電話。should/oughttohavedoneshould/oughttohavedone本該做（卻未做）；oughtn't

to/

shouldn't

have

done本不該做（卻做了），含有“責備”之意。You

shouldn't

have

done

that;

I

had

warned

you

of

that

several

times.我已多次警告你，你本不該那么做的。

needn’thavedone表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意：didn’tneedtodo表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”Youneedn’thavewateredtheplants,foritisgoingtorain.Ididn’tneedtobuythedictionary.Ihadacopyathome.hadbetterhavedone用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為“當時最好做了某事”，其否定式hadbetternothavedone表示相反的含義。Youhadbetterhavestartedearlier.Youhadbetternothavescoldedher.wouldhavedonewould(not)

have

done本想做（卻沒做）/本不想做（卻做了）。I

would

have

helped

you,

but

I

was

too

busy.我本想幫你，可我太忙了。1)You____allthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing

A)needn'thavewashedB)shouldn'thavewashed

C)mustnothavewashedD)cannothavewashed2)John'sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.

A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudiedC)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy3)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.(CET-4,1996,6)

A)can'thavebeenB)shouldn'thavebeenC)mustn'thavebeenD)wouldn'thavebeen

4)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.

A)musthavesailedB)cansailC)mighthavesailedD)shouldhavesailed

5)Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.

A)shouldhavebeenB)musthavebeenC)mustbeD)shouldbe

6)Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn't.He____hismind.

A)can'thavechangedB)wouldn'thavechanged

C)musthavechangedD)shouldn'thavechangedYou____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.

A)needn'tgoB)hadbetternotgoC)shouldnotgoD)needn'thavegone

8)We____theletteryesterday,butitdidn'tarrive.

A)mustreceiveB)oughttoreceiveC)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived9)Withalltheworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.

A)mustn'tgoB)shouldn'thavegoneC)couldnotgoD)couldn'thavegone

10)Evewaslateforclassagain.She____earlier.

A)shouldgetupB)mustgetupC)needtogetupD)shouldhavegotup

11)Iamfeelingsick.I____somuchchocolate.

A)needn'thaveeatenB)couldn'thaveeaten

C)mustn'thaveeatenD)shouldn'thaveeaten

12)Ididn'tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI____.

A)hadB)woulddoC)shouldhaveD)mighthaveto

13)Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage,Johnwasscared.Hethoughthe____Tomtogowithhim.

A)mighthaveaskedB)shouldaskedC)musthaveaskedD)shouldhaveasked

14)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted;I____thereearlier.

A)oughttogetB)oughttohavegotC)musthavegotD)mustget

15)Theroadwasmuddy.It____lastnight.

A)mustrainedB)musthaverainedC)mustberainedD)couldhaverained

16)ShecanspeakquitefluentEnglish.She____.

A)mustbeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

B)musthavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

C)shouldhavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

D)MaybeintheU.S.A.forsometime

17)Youshouldbearinmindthatheisnotsostrongashe____.

A)wasusedtobeB)usedtobeC)wasusedtoD)useto

18)“Wedidn'tseehimattheexhibitionyesterday.”“He___it.”

A)mustn'tvisitB)can'thavevisitedC)shouldhavegonetoseeD)maysee19)Mary____myletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

A)shouldhavereceivedB)hasreceived

C)Couldn'thavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

20)I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoney.

A)wouldhavelikedtogiveB)likedtogive

C)havelikedtogiveD)wouldliketogive

21)“Where____myumbrella?”“Somebody____itawaybymistake.”

A)is,musthavetakenB)is,musttakeC)havebeen,musttakeD)is,takes

22)What____wouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

A)willyousupposeB)yousupposeC)doyousupposeD)youwouldsuppose

23)Twoeyes____seemorethanone.

A)canB)mayC)willD)should

24)____youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.

A)WouldB)WillC)MayD)Shou