2022-2023學(xué)年福建省廈門市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

2022-2023學(xué)年福建省廈門市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共37.5分)

A

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

JoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformakingwineathomeusingelderflowersand

elderberries.

Elderflower:?.Elderberry

Items

WineRecipe(tW)需0IWlneRecipe

Elderflowers(atleastone

Elderberries(atleast2

quart)；

gallons)；

?1gallonofboilingwaterper

?1gallonofboilingwaterper

quartofflowers；

2gallonsofberries；

?2to2-1/2poundsofsugar

Ingredients?3-1/2to4poundsofsugar

pergallonofliquid；

pergallonofboiled-down

?2lemonspergallon,juiced；

liquid；

?1packetofdrywineyeast

?1packetofdrywineyeast

(酵母)per5gallonsof

per5gallonsofliquid.

liquid.

?Cutaquartofflowersfrom

thestems；?Picknicefatberriesabout

?Pouragallonofboilingtwodaysahead,removethem

waterovertheflowers；fromthestemsandsmashup

?Lettheteasoakthreeorfourthefruit；

dayswiththeflowerspressed?Pourboilingwateroverthe

downundertheliquid(theymixture,soakingforabouta

turnbrownandruinthecolorweek；

ofthedrinkifthey,releftin?Keepthecontainercovered

Instructions

theair)；withatoweltoprotectthe

?Strainoffthefluidandheatworking,'must,,fromdustand

someofittodissolve2totheoddyeastfloatingaround

2-1/2poundsofsugarperintheair：

gallon；?Strainoffandsavethejuice

?Addthejuiceof2lemonsandmix3-1/2to4poundsof

pergallonalongwithyeast；sugarintoeachgallonofthe

?Letthemixtureworkinaliquid.

containerwithanairlock.

1.WhatisadifferentingredientwhenWearemakingElderflowerWineandElderberryWine?

A.Water.B.Lemon.C.Sugar.D.Yeast.

2.WhatisimportanttothenicecoloroftheElderflowerWine?

A.Cuttingflowersfromthestems.

B.Pouringboilingwateroverflowers.

C.Pressingflowersdownundertheliquid.

D.Addinganamountofsugartotheliquid.

3.Whatisthetext?

A.Arecipe.B.Asciencereport.

C.Awinelist.D.Aflowerad.

RobertSansone,thewinnerofthe2022GeorgeD.YancopoulosInnovatorAward,isanaturalborn

engineer.Fromrobotichandstohigh-speedrunningboots,Sansonehasworkedonatleastsixty

engineeringprojectstodateinhissparetime.Andhe,sonly17yearsold.

Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofelectric

cars.ltexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earthelements,whicharecostly,bothfinancially

andenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterialsinquestioncancostuptoseveralhundred

dollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor（發(fā)

動(dòng)機(jī)）.Hisnewmotor,ontheotherhand,usescopper,whichcostsarounds8for1kg.

Thehighschoolerhadheardofatypeofelectricmotor------theSynchronousReluctanceMotor（SRM同

步磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)）----thatdoesn'tusetheserare-earthmaterials.Thiskindofmotoriscurrentlyusedfor

pumpsandfans,butitisn,tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestarted

brainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.

ForoverayearSansoneworkedonthemotor.ltneededtobemoreefficientandhavemorerotational（旋

轉(zhuǎn)）force.Thenewmotorwasmadefrom3-Dprintedplastic,copperwiresandasteelrotorandtested

usingavarietyofmeterstomeasurepower.Sansoneisnowworkingonversion16ofhismotor,whichhe

planstobuildoutofstrongermaterialssohecantestitathigherrevolutionsperminute.

Asarisingsenior,SansonehasdreamedofattendingMassachusettsInstituteOfTechnology（MIT）.His

winningsfromcompetitionswillgotowardcollegetuition.Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhigh

speedandefficiency,hesayshe,llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatoneday

hismotorwillbethedesignofchoiceforelectricvehicles.

4.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingparagraph2?

A.Toexplaintheuseofelectriccarengines.

B.Tostressthecostoftherare-earthmaterials.

C.Tointroduceavideoofpreviouselectriccars.

D.ToshowSansone,sinspirationforhisnewmotor.

5.WhichaspectdoesSansonemainlywanttoimproveinSRM?

A.Itscost.B.Itssize.C.Itspower.D.Itsweight.

6.WhatcanweIeamfromthelastparagraph?

A.HeisstudyingintheMIT.B.Heaimshighforhismotor.

C.Hehasstartedamotorcompany.D.Hewillenteranewcompetition.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRobertSansone?

A.Giftedanddetermined.B.Caringandoutgoing.

C.Humorousandenergetic.D.Generousandhard-working.

C

HistoriansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestorssoWecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoid

theirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.ltisawasteoftimetostudyHannibaVs

strategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThirdWorldWar.Whatworkedwellin

cavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studyinghistoryaimstoloosen（松開）the

holdofthepast.

Ayoungcouplebuildinganewhomemayaskthearchitectforanicelawn（草坪）inthefrontyard.Why

alawn?nBecauselawnsarebeautiful,"thecouplemightexplain.Butwhydotheythinkso?

Theideaofgrowingalawnattheentrancetoprivatehousesandpublicbuildingswasborninthecastlesof

FrenchandEnglisharistocratsinthelateMiddleAges.Well-keptlawnsdemandedlandandalotof

work.Inexchange,theyproducednothingofvalue.Theneatgrassattheentrancetocastleswasasocial

positionsymbolnobodycouldpretendtohave.Laterthenewparliaments（議會(huì)）,supremecourts,

presidentialresidencesincreasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humans

cametoidentifylawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.

Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwiceabouthavingalawninthefront

yard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.ButyouarealsofreetoshakeofftheCUltUndCargOgiventoyouby

theUpperclass.Thisisthebestreasontolearnhistory：notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourself

ofthepastandimaginedifferentlives.Ofcoursethisisnottotalfreedom------wecannotavoidbeing

shapedbythepast.Butsomefreedomisbetterthannone.

8.WhydoestheauthormentionHannibalandcavalrybattlesinparagraph1?

A.Toillustratewhyfuturecyberwarisdifficult.

B.Tohighlighthowimportanthistoricalwarfareis.

C.Toshowthatpastexperiencemaynotsuitthepresent.

D.Toexplainwhatstrategieshistoricalfiguresdeveloped.

9.Whatdoestheauthorbelieveistherealreasonforgrowingalawn?

A.Itsconnectionwithpowerandwealth.

B.Itshighmaintenancerequirements.

C.ItsoriginfromEuropeancastles.

D.Itsoutstandingnaturalbeauty.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsπculturalcargoπinthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Culturalmistakes.B.Culturalstandards.

C.Historicalbuildings.D.Historicalknowledge.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,studyinghistoryisto.

A.guesseventsinthefutureB.repeatwisedecisions

C.understandculturalchangesD.reducethecontrolfromthepast

D

Thefirsthibernation（冬Il民）studieswithhumansubjectscouldbeworkablewithinadecade,aEuropean

SpaceAgency（ESA）researcherthinks.Suchexperimentswouldmakeitpossiblefora

science-fiction-likeapproachtolong-timespacemissionsthatwouldseeastronautsplacedintoprotective

sleepforweeksormonthsontheirwaytofarawaydestinations.

Experimentshaveshownthatit'spossibletocausehibernationinotherwisenon-hibernatinganimals,such

asrats,andbringthemsafelybacktolifeafewdayslater.nTheratsreceiveadrug,aneurotransmitter

substance（神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)），andarebroughtintoadarkspacewithreducedtemperature,',Jurgen

Bereiter-Hahn,amemberofESA,shibernationresearchgroupsaid.nItworksverynicely,buttheproblem

isthatyouhavetoapplythedrugrepeatedlytomaintainthestate,whichcouldhavedamagingeffectsover

thelongerterm.'1

Thehibernatingastronautwouldnotonlysavetheagencycostforwater,foodandoxygen.Astronauts

would,mostlikely,wakeupratherfit,withoutsufferingmanyofthenegativesideeffectsoflong-term

bedrestorlivinginmicrogravity.Infact,studiesshowthatthesloweddowncellsofahibernatingbody

don,tgetdamagedbyradiation（輻射）.Besides,researchinanimalssuggeststhatbodiesOfhibernating

astronautsmightlosemuchlessboneandmusclemassthanthebodiesofthoseawakein

microgravity.Uponarrival,thesehibematorswouldthusbefitandreadytostartchallengingexploration

almoststraightawayafterregainingawareness.

Theseprotectivequalitiesmakehibernationapossibilitynotjustforspaceflight,butalsoformedicine.Just

likeastronautsinmicrogravity,patientsinlong-termbedrestwasteawayquickly.Slowinglifeprocesses

toaminimumwouldprovidewhatscientistscalla"bridge",aperiodoftimethatwouldallowphysicians

tolookforsolutionswithoutracingagainsttheclock.Althoughmostcurrenthibernationresearchisfunded

byspaceagencies,scientiststhinkthatthefirsthumantobeputintothisstateOfhibernationwillmost

likelybeanICUpatient.Oncethefirsthumansurvivesandbenefitsfromhibernation,thingswilllikely

startmovingforwardmuchfaster.

12.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatdothehibernationstudiesmainlyaimtodo?

A.Improvesleepqualityinspace.

B.Investigatehibernationmystery.

C.Promotemannedspaceexploration.

D.Enrichsciencefictionwritingmethods.

13.Whatisachallengeinthehibernationexperiments?

A.Ensuringproperlighting.

B.Bringinganimalsbacktolife.

C.Maintaininglowtemperature.

D.Controllingpossiblesideeffects.

14.Whatadvantagemighthibemationbringtoastronauts?

A.Itmighthelptokeepphysicalfitness.

B.Itmightincreaselong-termbedrest.

C.Itmightdecreaseradiationcontact.

D.Itmightraisementalawareness.

15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theroleofphysiciansinmonitoringhibernatingpatients.

B.Thepossibleapplicationofhibernationbeyondspaceflight.

C.Theimportanceforincreasingfundsforhibernationresearch.

D.Theneedofhumanexperimentsinadvancinghibernationstudies.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Wewelcomedadaughterintotheworldyesterday.Oneday,when.sheneedsfinancialadvice,here'swhat

I,lltellher.

Itiseasytoassumethatwealthandpoverty(貧困)arecausedbythechoicesWemake，butchanceplays

abiggerrolethanmostpeoplewanttoadmit.(1)Butrealizenotallsuccessisduetohardwork,

andnotallpovertyisduetolaziness.Keepthisinmindwhenjudgingpeople,includingyourself.

Everythinghasaprice.Thepriceofabusyjobistimeawayfromfriendsandfamily.Thepriceofspoiling

(寵溺)kidsistheirshelteredlife.Mostofthosepricesarehidden.(2)Acceptingthis,you,ll

viewthingsliketimeandrelationshipsasvaluableascash.

Ibelievethehighestbenefitofmoneyistheabilitytocontrolyourtime.Beingabletodowhatyouwant,

whenyouwant,whereyouwant,withwhomyouwant,foraslongasyouwant,providesalasting

happinessgreaterthananyfancythingscanoffer.(3)Havingenoughsavingstogiveyoutime

andoptionsnevergetsold.

(4)Youhavemorecontroloveritthanyourincome.Thepersonwhomakes$50,000butonly

needs$40,000tobehappyisricherthanthepersonwhomakes$150,000butneeds$151,000tobe

happy.

AsNapoleondefined,amilitarytalentistheperson',whocandotheaveragethingwheneveryoneelseis

losinghismind".(5)Youdon'tneedtodoamazingthingstoendupOK.Avoidingterrible

mistakesismorepowerfulthananyfancyfinancetips.

A.We,renotgoingtospoilyou.

B.Managingmoneyisthesame.

C.Iwantyoutobelieveinthevaluesofhardwork.

D.Learninghowtolivewithlessisveryimportant.

E.Youjusthavetonotmessupforlongperiodsoftime.

F.Theexcitementofhavingfancythingswearsoffquickly.

G.They,reoftenworthpaying,butneverignorethattheyaretruecosts.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Icomefromalonglineoffarmers.WhenmyparentsmovedtoWisconsin，farmingallowedthemto(1)

backtoLaos,totheculture,andtheland.Wisconsin,scornfields(2)thericefieldsof

Laos.Butformeasachild,farmingwasjusta(3).1wouldbeassigned(分酉己)arowofgreen

beans.Mymom(4)meabigbasketanditwasmy(5)tofillit.ThatwashowIspent

mysummervacation(6)myfriendswereeitheratcampordoingotherfunactivities.

Ididn't(7)howfarmingbroughthopetomyparentsuntilIwasanadult.Iama(8)

removedfromLaosandIhavefoundthatfarmingallowsmeto(9)myparents*story.ltallows

metoseealittlebitintotheirstory.WhatI've(10)frommymomisthatyoucangrowjustabout

anything.Mymomwantstostartgrowing(11)likeshedidbackinLaos.Withasnowyclimate,

itissomethingIneverthought(12)here.Tome,thisshowsresilience(適應(yīng)力).Maybeit

(13)andmaybeitdoesn,t.Butthereis(14)inthat.

Asakid,IhateddoingfarmworkandIneverthoughtthatsomedayIwouldsaythatIkindof(15)

puttingmyfeetinthemudandweeding(除草)thecorn.

21.A.connectB.headC.retireD.report

22.A.changedB.coveredC.replacedD.affected

23.A.dreamB.gameC.choreD.mystery

24.A.soldB.gaveC.sentD.lent

25.A.intentionB.opportunityC.choiceD.job

26.A.whileB.ifC.sinceD.until

27.A.regretB.monitorC.appreciateD.complain

28.A.generationB.graduateC.professionalD.beginner

29.A.give'awayB.makeupC.actoutD.relateto

30.A.expectedB.learnedC.chosenD.demanded

31.A.cornB.riceC.beansD.flowers

32.A.flexibleB.necessaryC.legalD.possible

33.A.improvesB.revivesC.worksD.exists

34.A.confusionB.permissionC.balanceD.hope

35.A.missB.riskC.delayD.escape

四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

36.閱讀下列短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

A

IexperiencedChina,sNaadamFestivalinInnerMongoliaforthefirsttime.Thefestivalfeatureshorse

racing,wrestling,andarchery.IsawalotofpeoplewearingsplendidMongolianrobes(1)

learnedabouttheirancestralIraditionJntheuniquewrestlingcompetition,I(2)(move)

bytheshowofstrengthandgrace.CelebratingNaadamwas(3)(absolute)worthwhile,

andIeagerlyhopetoexperiencemoreoftheircultureina(4)(tradition)Mongolian

tentandenjoyhotpotinwinter.

B

Filmscoresplayanimportantroleinshapingtheemotionalimpactofamovie(5)its

viewers.Theysignalhowtofeelaboutwhatishappeningonscreenandarealways(6)form

ofclassicalmusic.JohnWilliams1scoresforJawsandStarWarsareexamplesillustratinghowagood

scorecanimprovethemovieexperience.HansZimmer'sandTanDun,sscoresshowdifferentstyles

andideasforfilmscores.WhileZimmer,sandWilliams*scoresaremoreconventional(傳統(tǒng)的),

TanDun,sclassicalmusicbackgroundallowshisscorestostandaloneasworksofartwithout

needingafilm(7)(support)them.

C

Theterm"carbootsale"referstothesellingofitemsfromacar'strunk(后備箱).Mostofthegoods

onsaleareusedpersonalitemswithonlyafewofprofessionaltraders(8)(sell)

goods.However,inagrowingtrend(趨勢(shì)),all-yearhard-standingoutdoorbootsales,arenow

appearingeverywhere,especiallyinChina,(9)(know)asthetrunkfairs.ltisvery

welcomingtothose(10)wanttoruntheirownbusinessatalowcost.Itemsforsaleare

extremelyvaried,includingsnacksandsoftdrinks.TheyouthinChinaareexploringanewlifestyle

throughthetrunkfairs.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共30.0分)

37.你校英文報(bào)正在舉辦主題為"戲劇人物評(píng)析”的征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你從《百萬(wàn)英鎊》中挑選一

個(gè)人物，寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：

(1)人物介紹；

(2)你的評(píng)析。

注意：

(1)參考人物:HenryAdams,thebrothers(RoderickandOliver),theclerksortheownerin

thetailor,sshop...；

(2)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右：

(3)請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫一段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Everyculturehasaspecificwayofeating.NorthAmericansandEuropeansuseforks,knivesand

spoons.InAsia,chopsticksarethetopchoice.

Youmightthinkit'seasytousechopsticks,butactuallyit'snotassimpleasitfirstappears.!learned

thislessonacoupleofyearsago.

IhadappliedforajobwithaChinese-CanadiancompanyinVancouver.Mynewbossinvitedmeout

tolunchtocelebratemynewjob.HesaidweweregoingtoeatinaChineserestaurantinChinatown.1

wasnervous.IknewWewouldbeusingchopsticks,andwhileIhadtriedmanytimestomasterthe

technique（技巧），Ihadfailedineveryattempt.HowwouldIbeabletomakeagoodimpression?

Wouldtheylaughatme?WouldImakeacompletefoolofmyself?

Iwenthomethateveningandcookedsomericeandchicken.Iputthefoodonmyplate,andIspent

thenexthourattemptingtolearnhowtousechopsticks.TryasImight,Icouldnotholdthefoodwith

mychopsticks.Ididn'tgetmuchsleepthatevening.Itossedandturned（輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)）inbed,worrying

aboutthecominglunch.

Thenextday,Icouldhardlycontainmyanxietyandheadedtotherestaurant.Wewereseatedatan

excellenttable.Mybosswroteoutthefoodorder,speakingtothewaiterinMandarin.Myheartwas

beatingwildly,butthenInoticedastrangething.Insteadofthecustomarychopsticks,eachofushad

knives,forksandspoons.

Iwasconfusedatfirst,butthen,ithitme.Mybossknewthat?wouldhavetroublewiththe

chopsticks.Hewantedtosavemefromembarrassment,sohehadcalledaheadandarrangedforusto

beservedwithknivesandforks.Icouldn'tbelievehowthoughtfulhewas.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為IOO左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Immediately,Imadeupmymindtotakethisopportunitytolearnhowtousechopsticks.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、c、A

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格IngredientS欄目中ElderflowerWine的成分為1gallonofboiling

waterperquartofflowers；2to2-1/2poundsofsugarpergallonofliquid；2lemonspergallon,juiced；

1packetofdrywineyeast（酵母）per5gallonsofliquid.（每夸脫花加1加侖沸水；每加侖液體含

2到2.5磅糖；每加侖2個(gè)檸檬，榨汁；每5加侖液體1包干葡萄酒酵母。）ElderberryWine的成

分為1gallonofboilingwaterper2gallonsofberries；3-1/2to4poundsofsugarpergallonof

boiled-downliquid；1PaCketOfdryWineyeaStPer5gallonsofliquid.（每2力口侖漿果需要1加侖沸水；

每加侖煮沸的液體加3-1/2到4磅糖；每5加侖液體1包干葡萄酒酵母。）可知，做ElderflowerWine

和ElderberryWine不同的成分為檸檬。故選Bo

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中ElderflowerWine的說(shuō)明Lettheteasoakthreeorfourdayswiththe

flowerspresseddownundertheliquid（theyturnbrownandruinthecolorofthedrinkifthey,releftinthe

air）（讓茶葉浸泡三到四天，花被壓在液體下面（如果它們留在空氣中，它們會(huì)變成棕色，破壞

飲料的顏色））可知，花被擠壓在液體下面可以使得接骨木花酒的顏色鮮艷。故選C。

（3）文章體裁題。根據(jù)文章第一段JoinSandraOddoasshesharesavarietyoftipsandskillsformaking

wineathomeusingelderflowersandelderberries.（和SandraOddo——起分享用接骨木花和接骨木果

在家里釀酒的技巧。）可知，本文主要是介紹怎么釀酒的，所以本文為食譜類文章。A.Arecipe

一篇食譜；B.Asciencereport一份科學(xué)雜志；C.Awinelist一份酒單；D.Aflowerad一則鮮花廣告。

故選Ao

本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Sandraodd。用接骨木花和接骨木果在家里釀酒的技巧。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得

出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】D、C、B、A

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Acoupleyearsago,Sansonecameacrossavideoaboutthe

advantagesanddisadvantagesofelectriccars.ltexplainsthatmostelectriccarenginesuserare-earth

elements,whicharecostly,bothfinanciallyandenvironmentally.Infact,1kgoftherare-earthmaterials

inquestioncancostuptoseveralhundreddollars.Withthatsustainabilityissue,hewantedtosolveit,

sohetriedanddesignedadifferentmotor（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)）.（幾年前，SanSone偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一段關(guān)于電動(dòng)

汽車優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)的視頻。它解釋說(shuō)，大多數(shù)電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都使用稀土元素，這在經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境方

面都很昂貴。事實(shí)上，1公斤相關(guān)的稀土材料的價(jià)格可能高達(dá)數(shù)百美元。對(duì)于可持續(xù)性問(wèn)題，他

想解決它，所以他嘗試并設(shè)計(jì)了一種不同的電機(jī)）可知，作者寫第二段的目的是展示SanSOne的

新發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的靈感。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段ThiSkindOfmotoriSCUrrentlyUSedfOrPUmPSandfans,butitisn't

powerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinanelectricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshe

CoUldimPrOVeitSPerformanCe.（這種電機(jī)目前用于泵和風(fēng)扇，但它本身不夠強(qiáng)大，無(wú)法用于電動(dòng)汽

車。因此，SanSone開始集思廣益，想辦法提高它的性能。）可知，在SRM中，SanSOne主要想

要改進(jìn)的是動(dòng)力。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,he

sayshe'llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethe

designofchoiceforelectricvehicles.（他說(shuō)，如果他的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)保持高速和高效率，他將繼續(xù)與

汽車公司合作。他希望有一天他的馬達(dá)能成為電動(dòng)汽車的首選設(shè)計(jì)。）可知，他對(duì)他的馬達(dá)寄予

厚望。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段isanaturalbornengineer.（一位天生的工程師），根據(jù)第三段ThiS

kindofmotoriscurrentlyusedforpumpsandfans,butitisn'tpowerfulenoughbyitselftobeusedinan

electricvehicle.So,Sansonestartedbrainstormingwayshecouldimproveitsperformance.（這種電機(jī)

目前用于泵和風(fēng)扇，但它本身不夠強(qiáng)大，無(wú)法用于電動(dòng)汽車。因此，SanSOne開始集思廣益，想辦

法提高它的性能），根據(jù)最后一段Ifhismotorcontinuestoperformwithhighspeedandefficiency,

hesayshe'llmoveforwardandcooperatewithcarcompanies.Hehopesthatonedayhismotorwillbethe

designofchoiceforelectricvehicles.（他說(shuō)，如果他的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)繼續(xù)保持高速和高效率，他將繼續(xù)與

汽車公司合作。他希望有一天他的馬達(dá)能成為電動(dòng)汽車的首選設(shè)計(jì)。）由此判斷出，SanSone有天

賦、有決心。故選A項(xiàng)。

這篇短文主要介紹了2022年喬治?D?揚(yáng)科普洛斯創(chuàng)新獎(jiǎng)的獲得者羅伯特?桑索恩是一位天生的工

程師。他在業(yè)余時(shí)間參與了至少60個(gè)工程項(xiàng)目，從機(jī)器人手到高速跑鞋。幾年前，桑索恩看到了

一段關(guān)于電動(dòng)汽車優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的視頻。視頻解釋了大多數(shù)電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)使用的稀土元素的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，

這些元素在經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境上都很昂貴。實(shí)際上，這些稀土材料的1公斤成本可能高達(dá)幾百美元。面

對(duì)這個(gè)可持續(xù)性問(wèn)題，他想要解決它，于是嘗試設(shè)計(jì)了一種不同的電機(jī)。與此相反，他的新電機(jī)

使用的是銅，每公斤成本約為8美元。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

8~11.【答案】CsAsBxD

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Historiansareoftenaskedtoexaminetheactionsofourancestors

soWecanrepeattheirwisdomandavoidtheirmistakes.Butthepresentisjusttoodifferentfromthepast.lt

isawasteoftimetostudyHannibaFsstrategiesintheSecondPunicWarsoastocopythemintheThird

WorldWar.Whatworkedwellincavalrybattleswillnotnecessarilybebeneficialincyberwar.Studying

historyaimstoloosen（松開）theholdofthepast.（歷史學(xué)家經(jīng)常被要求研究我們祖先的行為，這

樣我們就可以重復(fù)他們的智慧，避免他們的錯(cuò)誤。但是現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去太不一樣了。研究漢尼拔在第

二次布匿戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的戰(zhàn)略，以便在第三次世界大戰(zhàn)中照搬是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。在騎兵戰(zhàn)中行之有效的方

法在網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)中不一定有用。研究歷史的目的是為了擺脫過(guò)去的束縛。）可知，作者在第一段提到

了漢尼拔和騎兵的戰(zhàn)斗是為了表明過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可能不適用于現(xiàn)在。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段LaterIheneWPaHiamentS（議會(huì)），supremecourts,presidential

residencesincreasinglyshowedtheirpowerinrowuponrowofneatgreengrass.Humanscametoidentify

lawnswithpoliticalpower,socialpositionandeconomicwealth.（后來(lái)，新的議會(huì)、最高法院、總統(tǒng)

官邸越來(lái)越多地在一排排整齊的綠草地上展示他們的權(quán)力。人類開始將草坪與政治權(quán)力、社會(huì)地

位和經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)富聯(lián)系起來(lái)。）可知，作者認(rèn)為種植草坪的真正原因是它與權(quán)力和財(cái)富的聯(lián)系。故選

A項(xiàng)。

（3）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段Whenyounowcometoplanyourdreamhouse,youmightthinktwice

abouthavingalawninthefrontyard.Youareofcoursestillfreetodoit.（當(dāng)你現(xiàn)在開始規(guī)劃你夢(mèng)想中

的房子時(shí)，你可能會(huì)考慮在前院建草坪。當(dāng)然，你仍然可以自由地這樣做。）以及ThiSiSthebeSt

reasontolearnhistory：notinordertoguessthefuture,buttofreeyourselfofthepastandimagine

Ciifferenllives.（這是學(xué)習(xí)歷史最好的理由：不是為了猜測(cè)未來(lái)，而是為了把自己從過(guò)去中解放出

來(lái),想象不同的生活。）可知,但你也可以自由地?cái)[脫上層階級(jí)給你的文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故