英語語音基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)lesson

BasicknowledgeofEnglishphonetics,less目錄IntroductionBasicConceptsofEnglishPhonicsRulesandTechniquesforPromotionofEnglishVowels目錄EnglishConsensusPromotionRulesandTechniquesEnglishIntroductionandRhythmCommonproblemsandsolutionsinEnglishpromotion01IntroductionToprovideabasicunderstandingofEnglishphonesforlanguagelearnersTointroducetheconceptsandprinciplesofphoneticsanditsapplicationinEnglishlanguagelearningToemphasizetheimportanceofpharmaceuticalknowledgeinimprovingpromotion,listeningcomprehension,andoveralllanguageproficiencyPurposeandbackgroundTheImportanceofBasicPhoneticKnowledgeImprovespromotion:Understandingpharmaceuticalprincipleshelpslearnersproducesoundsandwordstresspatternsmoreaccurately,leadingtoclearerandmorenativelikepromotionEnhancementslisteningcomprehension:Familiaritywithphonefeaturesenabledlearnerstorecognizeandinterpretsoundsmoreeasily,improvingtheirabilitytounderstandspoonEnglishFacilitieslanguagelearning:Asolidfoundationinphoneticscanfacilitatethelearningofnewvocabulary,grammar,andpromotionrules,aswellasimprovereadingandwritingskillsIncreaseselfconfidence:MasteringthebasicsofEnglishphonescanboostlearners'confidenceintheirabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish,bothorallyandinwrittenform02BasicConceptsofEnglishPhonicsPhonemesThesmallestunitofsoundinalanguagethatcanchangethemeaningofawordEnglishhasapproximately44phones,whicharecategorizedintovowelsandconsonantsPhoneticAlphabetAsetofsymbolsusedtorepresentthesoundsofalanguageinaconsistentandsystematicwayTheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)isthemostwidelyusedtelephonealphabetforEnglishPhonemesandPhonicAlphabetUnitsofpromotionthatconsensusofavowelsound,withorwithoutsurroundingconsonantsSymptomsareimportantindeterminingtherhythmandintroductionofEnglishspeechSymptomsTheemphasisorprogressgiventoaparticularsyntaxinawordorphraseStresscanchangethemeaningandpromotionofwordsinEnglishStressSlellablesandstressPromotionOrganizationsThephysicalstructuresinvolvedinproducingspeechsounds,includingthelips,tongue,tea,plate,andlaundryPromotionPrinciplesGuidelinesforproducingaccurateandintelligentspeechsoundsinEnglishTheseprinciplesincludecorrectplacementofpromotionorganizations,controlofbreadflow,andmasterofvoteandconsistentsoundsPronunciationOrganizationsandPronunciationPrinciples03RulesandTechniquesforPromotionofEnglishVowelsShortvoices01Pronounceeachvoicesoundseparatelyandclearly,withashortandquicksoundExamplesinclude/?/in"cat,"/e/in"bed,"/?/In"bit,"/?/In"dog,"and/?/In"book."Longvowels02PronouncethevowelsoundwithalongerdurationandamoreopensouthernpositionExamplesinclude/i:/in"be,"/ɑ:/In"car,"/?:/In"for,"/u:/in"too,"and/?:/In"bird."Diphthongs03CombinetwovowelsoundssmoothlywithinasingleumbrellaCommondiphthongsinclude/a?/In"time,"/e?/In"face,"/o?/In"go,"/a?/In"out,"and/??/In"boy."MonophonicpromotionrulesVSWhentwovowelsappeartogether,theyusuallyformadiphthongoralongvowelsoundForexample,/e?/In"rain,"/a?/In"life,"/o?/In"road,"and/??/In"ear."SplitvotesInsomecases,twovotesareproposedseparatelywithinasinglesellable,withthestressonthefirstvoteExamplesinclude"eight"proposedas/e?T/,"great"proposedas/ɡRE?T/,and"height"promotedas/ha?T/VowelpairsDoublevowelpromotionrulesVowelPromotionSkillsandPracticeListenandlimit:ListencarefullytonativespeakersandlimittheirpromotionofvotesPayattentiontomoreshape,tongueposition,andliproundingPracticewithminimumpairs:Minimumpairsarewordsthatbufferonlybyonesound,soas"bit"and"beat."PracticingthesepairscanhelpyoudifferentiatebetweensimilarvoicesoundsUseamirrororfeelyourface:WatchingyourselfinthemirrororfeelingyourfaceasyouproposevotescanhelpyouvisualizeandcorrectyoursouthernshapeandtonguepositionRecordyourself:ListeningtoyourownpromotioncanhelpyouidentifyareasthatneedimprovementCompareyourpromotiontonativespeakersandmakeadjustmentsaccordingly04EnglishConsensusPromotionRulesandTechniquesExplorativesoundsareproducedbyacompleteclosureoftheairwayfollowedbyahiddenreleaseofairTopromotethesesoundscorrectly,itisimportanttoreleasetheairquicklyandforcefully,whilekeepingthevocalcordsrelaxedforvoicelesssounds(/p/,/t/,/k/)andtenseforvoicedsounds(/b/,/d/,/g/)ThesixexploratorysoundsinEnglishare/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,and/g/ThepromotionrulesofexploratorysoundsFrictionalsoundsareproducedbyforcingairthroughanarrowopeninginthesouth,creatingahissingorsizzlingsoundTherearetenfrictionalsoundsinEnglish:/f/,/v//θ/,/e/,/S/,/z//?/,/?/,/H/,and/r/Topromotetacticscorrectly,itiscriticaltomaintainaconstantairflowandtopositionthetongueandlipscorrectlytocreatethedesiredsoundPromotionrulesforfrictionalsoundsWhiletherearegeneralrulesforpronunciatingfrictionalsounds,therearealsoexceptionsandvariationsinpronunciationForexample,thesound/r/isoftenpromotedasafliportripinsomeAmericanEnglishaccents,whileinotheraccentsitmaybepromotedasataporevencommittedSimilarly,thesounds/θ/And/e/Canbechallengingfornon-nativespeakerstopromotecorrectness,astheyrequireauniquepositioningofthetongueandteaBreakingtherulesoffrictionalpromotionAdditionally,usingonlineresourcessuchaspromotionguidesandaudiorecordingscanprovidevaluablefeedbackandpracticeopportunitiesToimprovecoherentpromotion,itishelpfultopracticeindividualsoundsinisolation,aswellasinwordsandintentionsListeningtonativespeakersandimprovingtheirpromotioncanalsobebeneficialConsistentPronunciationSkillsandPractice05EnglishIntroductionandRhythmRiseandfallRisingintroductionisoftenusedtoindicateaquestionoruncertainty,whilefallingintroductionistypicallyusedtoindicateastatementorconclusionPitchlevelThepitchlevelofintegrationcanvary,withhighpitchofindicatingexceptionoremphasis,andlowpitchsuggestingcalmnessorsadnessIntroductioncontextsThesedescribetheoverallshapeoftheintroductioninasense,suchasariskfallcontourforayesnoquestionIntroductiontypesandfunctionsSentencestressandrhythmThepatternofstressedandunstressedsyndromeinasensecreatesarhythmthatcanvarybasedonthespeaker'sintentandemotionalstateRhythmInEnglish,inheritaggregatesinawordarestressed,whileothersareunstressedThispatterncreatesanaturalrhythminspeechStressedandunstressedaggregatesThemostimportantwordinasentenceistypicallystressed,helpingtounderstandthemeaningofthesentenceSentencestressIntroductionimprovementandpracticeListeningtonativespeakersandimprovingtheirintegrationpatternsisaneffectivewaytoimproveone'sownintegrationPracticewithapartnerSpeakingwithapartnerandprovidingfeedbackoneachother'sintroductioncanhelpbothspeakersimproveRecordingandself-assessmentRecordingoneselfspeakingandthenlisteningbackcanhelpidentifyareaswhereintegrationneedsimprovementListeningandimprovement06CommonproblemsandsolutionsinEnglishpromotionManylearnershavediversedifferentiationbetweenlongandshortvowels,aswellasdiphthongsCorrectionmethodsincludelisteningtonativespeakers,practicingvocalsoundsinisolation,andusingminimalpairstohearthedifferencebetweensimilarsoundsCommonerrorsincludesubstitutingoneconsonantforeitheranotheroraddingunnecessaryconsonantsTocorrecttheseerrors,learnersshouldfocusontheplacementofthetongueandteawhenpromotingconsonantsandpracticeconsonantclustersImprovestressandintroductioncanchangethemeaningofawordorpresenceLearnersshouldpracticestringingthecorrectsyntaxinwordsandusingarisingorfallingintentiontoaccommodatetheappropriatemeansVowelpromotionerrorsConsistentpromotionerrorsStressandintroductionerrorsCommonpronunciationerrorsandcorrectionmethodsDifficienciesandBreakthroughStrategiesinPhoneticLearningDifficultlyindistinguishingsimilarsounds:ManyEnglishsoundsaresubtitleanddistincttodistinguishingLearnerscanimprovetheirabilitytohearthesesoundsbypracticingminimalpairsandusingaudiorecordingstocomparetheirpromotionwithnativespeakersDifficultlyinproducingceramicsounds:SomeEnglishsoundsarediversetoproduceforlearnerswithdifferentnativelanguagesToovercomethisdifficulty,learnersshouldpracticethesesoundsinisolationandincontext,usingmirrorsorfeelingth