英語句子成分基本句型課件

BasicsentencestructurecoursewareforEnglishsentencecomponents目錄OverviewofpresencecomponentsBasicpresencestructureTheroleofpresencecomponentsinpresence目錄ExamplesandAnalysisofBasicEnglishSentencePatternsTheTransformationRelationshipbetweenSentenceElementsandBasicSentencePatternsCommonSentenceComponentErrorsandCorrectionMethods01OverviewofpresencecomponentsThesubjectisthemainactororfocusofthepresence,typicallyanounorpronounThepredicateistheactionorstateofbeingdescribed,commonlyaverborverbphraseTogether,thesubjectandpredicateformthecompletethoughtorideaexpressedbythesenseSubjectandpredictTheobjectisthereceiveroftheactiondescribedbythepredicate,ofanounorpronoonIntrinsicverbshavenoobject,whiletransitionalverbsrequireanobjecttocompletetheirmeaningTheobjectcanbedirect(receivingtheactiondirectly)orindirect(affectedbytheactionbutnotdirectlyreceivingit)ObjectandpredictBothattributesandadvertisementsenhancethemeaningandcontextofapresence,makingitmorespecificandvividAttributesarewordsorphrasesthatmodifynouns,addingdescriptivedetailssuchascolor,size,orageAdvantageousmodifyverbs,objectives,orotheradvertisements,providingadditionalinformationabouttime,place,Manner,ordegreeAttributiveandAdverbialComprehensivelanguagecompletesthemeaningofapresencebyaddingnecessaryinformationthatisnotincludedinthesubject,predicate,orobjectThiscanincludeadditionaldetailsaboutthesubjectorobject,suchasidentifyinginformationorclarifyingdescriptionsAppetitelanguageprovidesfurtherexplanationoridentificationofanounorpronounalreadymentionedinthepresenceIttypicallyappearsinparents,dashes,orcommandsandoffersadditionalcontextorclarificationforthereaderComprehensivelanguageandaffectivelanguage02BasicpresencestructureDefinition:ApresencestructureinwhichthesubjectperformstheactionorstateexpressedbythepredicateExample:"Shesingsbeautifully.""Theyarehappy."Explanation:Inthisstructure,thesubjectistypicallyanounorpronounthatperformstheactionorstateexpressedbytheverb(predicate)ThepredictusabilityconsiderationsofaverbandanymodifiersorcompletenessthatcompletesthemeaningoftheverbSubjectpredicatestructureDefinitionApresencestructureinwhichthesubjectperformsanactiononanobjectExample"Johnreadsabook.""Shebouncedanewcar."ExplanationInthisstructure,thesubjectperformsanactiononanobjectTheobjectistypicallyanounorpronounthatreceivestheactionoftheverbTheverbconnectsthesubjectandobjectandexpressestheactionorstateSubjectverbobjectstructureExplanation:Inthisstructure,themainelementsaretypicallyasubjectandacompletionThecompletioncompletesthemeaningofthesubjectandprovidesadditionalinformationaboutit.TheverbconnectsthesubjectandcompletionandexpressesthestateorrelationshipbetweenthemDefinition:Apresencestructurethatemphasizestherelationshipbetweentwomainelements,typicallyasubjectandacompletionExample:"Johnisadoctor.""Shewasateacher."MainsystemtablestructureDefinition:Apresencestructureinwhichaverbhastwoobjects,adirectobjectandanindirectobjectDoubleobjectconstruction"JohnhaveMaryapresent.""Shetaughtusalesson."ExampleInthisstructure,theverbhastwoobjects:adirectobjectandanindirectobjectThedirectobjectreceivestheactionoftheverbdirectly,whiletheindirectobjectreceivestheactionindirectlythroughthedirectobjectBothobjectsaretypicallynounsorpronounsExplanationDoubleobjectconstruction03TheroleofpresencecomponentsinpresenceThesubjectisthemainpartofapresence,commonlyanounorpronoun,thatperformstheactionorisinastateofbeingThesubjectcanbeidentifiedbyasking"who?"or"what?"abouttheactionorstatedescribedinthepresenceItoftenappearsatthebeginningofasenseandisfollowedbyaverb,whichexpressesanactionorstateofbeingTheroleofthesubjectThepredicateisthepartofapresencethatcontainstheverbandexpressestheactionorstateofbeingofthesubjectIttypicallyfollowsthesubjectandprovidesmoreinformationaboutthesubject'sactionorstateThepredicatecanincludeadditionalelementssuchasadvertisements,completion,andobjects,whichfurtherdescribetheactionorstateThefunctionofpredicateAnobjectisanounorpronouninasensethatreceivestheactionofaverbIttypicallyfollowstheverbandcompletesthemeaningofthepresencebyindicatingwhatisaffectedbytheactionObjectscanbedirectobjects,whichreceivethedirectactionoftheverb,ordirectobjects,whichindicatetowhomorforwhomtheactionisperformedTheFunctionofObject01Expressionsaregroupsofwordsthatfunctionasasingleunittoaccommodateaspecificideaorthought02Theycanincludephrases,clauses,andotherpresenceelementsthatprovideadditionalinformationormodifyotherpartsofthepresence03Expressionscanservevariouspurposesinasense,suchasadvancingemphasis,addingdetails,orclarifyingmeansTheFunctionofExpressions04ExamplesandAnalysisofBasicEnglishSentencePatternsSimplepresenceexamplesandanalysisExampleJohnrunsfastAnalysisThisisasimplepresencewithoneindependentclauseItcontainsasubject("John")andapredict("runsfast")ExampleMarysingsbeautifullyAnalysisThisisanothersimplepresencewithoneindependentclauseIthasasubject("Mary")andapredict("sinsbeautiful")ExampleJohnrunsfast,andMarysingsbeautifullyAnalysisThisisaparallelpresencewithtwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection("and")BothclaimsarecompletethoughtsthatcanstandaloneExampleTheyLaughed,TheyCried,TheyHaveaGreatTimeAnalysisThisparallelpresencecontainsthreeindependentclaimsconnectedbycommasEachclauseexpressesacompletethoughtandcouldstandaloneasaseparatesentence01020304ExamplesandAnalysisofParallelSentencesExampleJohnrunsfast,buthedoesn'twintheraceAnalysisThisisacompoundpresencewithtwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinatingconnection("but")TheclaimsarerelatedbutcouldstandaloneasseparateintentionsExamplesandAnalysisofCompoundSentencesExampleMarysingsbeautifully;However,shedoesn'tmakeittothefinal要點一要點二AnalysisThiscompoundpresencecontainstwoindependentclausesconnectedbyasemiconductorandacoordinatingconnection("however")Theclausesarerelatedandcouldbeseparatesentences,butthemicrobiologyandconnectionaddalevelofcomplexityandnuancetotherelationshipbetweentheclausesExamplesandAnalysisofCompoundSentences05TheTransformationRelationshipbetweenSentenceElementsandBasicSentencePatternsIfthereisnoauxiliaryverbor"be"verb,add"do"or"does"tothebeginningofthepresenceandmovethemainverbtotheendChangethewordorderofthesubjectandpredict,puttingthesubjectaftertheverbMovetheauxiliaryverbortheverb"be"tothebeginningofthepresenceConvertdeclarativesensestoinvasivesensesAdd"not"aftertheauxiliaryverbor"be"verbIfthereisnoauxiliaryverbor"be"verb,add"donot"or"doesnot"beforethemainverbMakesurethepresencestillmakessenseandcontainstheintendedmeaninginanegativeformConvertconfirmedsensestonegativesensesIdentifytheagent(thedoeroftheaction)andthepatient(thereceiveroftheaction)intheactivepresencePutthepatientatthebeginningofthepresenceandusetheappropriateformof"be"verbfollowedbythepastparticleofthemainverbAdd"by"beforementioningtheagenttoindicatewhoorwhatperformedtheactionConversionfromactivevoicetopassivevoice06CommonSentenceComponentErrorsandCorrectionMethodsCorrectTheywerelateforthemeetingCorrectTheywerelateforthemeetingExplanationTheverb"was"isinconsistentwiththesubject"they"Thecorrectformo