Unit4HistoryandTraditions詞匯講解課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版

Unit4HistoryAndTraditionskeywords&phrasesSection1拓展詞匯1．individualadj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的

n．個(gè)人→______________adv.分別地；

單獨(dú)地；個(gè)別地2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級(jí)別的

n．(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)→_________adv.主要地；

首要地3．puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問(wèn)

vt.迷惑；使困惑→_________adj.迷惑的→__________adj.令人迷惑的

individually

chiefly

puzzled

puzzling

Section14．belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)→____________n．財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物；行李5．defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)→________vt.防護(hù)；防衛(wèi)6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→_________adv.合法地→___________adv.違法地；非法地→_________adj.非法的7．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→_____________adj.周圍的→______________n．環(huán)境8．evidencen．證據(jù)；證明→_________adj.明顯的

belongings

defend

legally

illegally

illegal

surrounding

surroundings

evident

Section19．a(chǎn)chievementn．成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到→_________vt.完成；達(dá)到10．locationn．地方；地點(diǎn)；位置→_________adj.位于→________vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居11．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→______________n．聲明；宣告→___________n．廣播員，告知者12．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→____________adv.慷慨地；寬大地；豐盛地→____________n．慷慨

achieve

located

locate

announcement

announcer

generously

generosity

Section2重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1.★defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)

①Itisourdutytodefendourmotherland.保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)是我們的職責(zé)。[歸納拓展](1)indefence(of)

保衛(wèi)(……)(2)defendvt. 防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)；辯護(hù)defendoneself 自衛(wèi)；為自己辯護(hù)defendagainst 抵御defendsb.from/against 保護(hù)某人免受……

defend的賓語(yǔ)是保護(hù)的對(duì)象，而against后接的是防御的對(duì)象。[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Mostcountrieshavearmiesfortheir_______(defend)．(2)完成句子③Hegavehislife_____________hiscountry.他為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)而獻(xiàn)出了生命。④Hemadealongspeech__________________________________________ objection.他作了長(zhǎng)篇演講來(lái)保護(hù)他的觀點(diǎn)不遭反對(duì)。defencein

defence

ofdefending/to

defend

his

views

from/against2．

eager★eageradj.熱切的；渴望的

beeagertodosth.

渴望做某事beeagerforsth. 求某事物beeagerin

衷于[辨析]

eager,anxious單詞釋義eager強(qiáng)調(diào)“對(duì)成功的期望”或“進(jìn)取的熱情”，含有積極向上的意思anxious強(qiáng)調(diào)“焦急；擔(dān)心”，表示對(duì)結(jié)果感到不安[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空②Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager_____knowledge andeager_______(make)progress,sosheiseager____herstudyandis alwayspraisedbyherteachers.(2)選詞填空：eager/anxious③Sheis______togotocollege,but________aboutnotpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.她渴望上大學(xué)，但擔(dān)心無(wú)法通過(guò)高考。forto

makeineageranxious

3．★puzzlen．迷；智力游戲；疑問(wèn)vt.迷惑；使困惑①Iaminapuzzleaboutthematter.＝Iampuzzledwiththematter.我對(duì)這事大惑不解。[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Thisletter________(puzzle)me,asweallknow.③Ifindthequestion_________(puzzle)．④Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.puzzles

puzzling

puzzled[歸納拓展](1)beinapuzzle(about) 對(duì)(……)感到困惑不解apuzzletosb. 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)謎(2)puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzledadj. 感到困惑的bepuzzledwith/about 對(duì)……困惑不解4．

brokeawayfrom

★breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫

①Hehasbrokenawayfromthehabitofbeinglate.他已經(jīng)改掉了遲到的習(xí)慣。[歸納拓展]breakin

打斷；插嘴；強(qiáng)行闖入(不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))breakinto 突然開始；強(qiáng)行闖入(及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))breakout (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))爆發(fā)；(火災(zāi))突然發(fā)生breakup 分解；解散；(關(guān)系)破裂[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Theboywassoangrythathebrokeaway______hismotherandranaway.③AsthePresident'scararrived,thecrowdbroke______loudapplause.④Whenthenewscamethatthewarbroke_______hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.from

into

out5．

belongto

★belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)；適應(yīng)①Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.學(xué)生們覺(jué)得他們屬于一個(gè)特殊的群體。②Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.

我們正在尋找這本書的主人。[名師點(diǎn)津]

belongto中的to是介詞，該短語(yǔ)既不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式為“...belongingto”。[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

Nomatterwhathappens,thisislandbelongs____China.④Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountry_________(belong)totheThirdWorld.⑤Thetaxidriveroftenremindspassengerstotaketheir__________(belong)whentheyleavethecar.tobelongingbelongings

[歸納拓展](1)aswellas常在句中連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分(若連接主語(yǔ)及其附屬成分時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致)；(2)aswell“除……之外；也；還”，常位于肯定句句末，無(wú)需用逗號(hào)與句子分開；(3)may/mightaswelldosth.只好做某事；做某事倒也無(wú)妨[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIcanspeakFrench_____well.③ManystudentsaswellasTom______(be)presentatthemeeting.④Nowthatyouhaveagoodchance,youmay/might____wellmakefulluseof it.aswereas8．★surroundvt.圍繞；包圍

①Onceuponatime,akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountrieslivedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings.

從前，在一個(gè)綠樹環(huán)繞、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的城堡里住著一位國(guó)王，他對(duì)鄰邦十分友好。with/by

surrounded

9evidence

(1)Thereissome/noevidencethat...有/沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明……inevidence 顯眼；顯而易見(jiàn)(2)evidentadj. 明顯的；明白的It‘sevidentthat... 很明顯……evidentlyadv. 顯然；明顯地；清楚地that

evidenceItin10．

achievements

★achievementn．[C]成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到[

歸納拓展](1)asenseofachievement

成就感(2)achievevt. 完成；達(dá)到vi. 成功achieveone‘ssuccess 獲得成功achieveone‘sgoal 達(dá)到目標(biāo)senseofachievementachieve

the

final

successachieve

her

goal10．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?那么如果這些名稱有區(qū)別的話，區(qū)別何在？

句中的ifany是ifthereisanydifference的省略形式。ifany為省略句式，意為“如果有的話”，if用作連詞。if的其他省略結(jié)構(gòu)：ifnecessary

如果有必要的話ifpossible

如果有可能的話ifnot 如果不這樣的話ifso 如果這樣的話ifever

如果曾經(jīng)有的話[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

①Willyougetafreeeveningnextweek?____let'shaveadinner.下周你會(huì)有一個(gè)晚上的空嗎？如果有，讓我們一起吃頓飯吧。②Iseverybodyfeelingcold?________let'sopenthewindow.

大家感到冷嗎？如果不，讓我們把窗戶打開吧。③______________youcanturntome.

如果有必要的話，你可以向我求助。④Pleasetrytofindoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwowords.________speakitout.試著找出這兩個(gè)單詞的不同點(diǎn)。如果有，請(qǐng)大聲說(shuō)出來(lái)。If

so,

If

not,

If

necessary,

If

any,

12．Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“the UK”．大多數(shù)人只是使用簡(jiǎn)稱：“聯(lián)合王國(guó)”。句中shortened是過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞還可作后置定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。①Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesame currencyandmilitarydefence.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))

像擁有同樣的貨幣和國(guó)防一樣，他們也使用同一面國(guó)旗。②TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegal system.(過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))在英國(guó)周圍，他們四處修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。13．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidence offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimes throughouthistory.英國(guó)歷史上有四個(gè)不同民族在不同歷史時(shí)期執(zhí)掌這個(gè)國(guó)家。無(wú)論你身處英國(guó)何方，這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見(jiàn)。everywhere用作連詞，意為“無(wú)論哪里”，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。Fires

broke

out

everywhere,

Everywhere

she

goes,

14．TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthe waypeoplebuilthouses.他們引入了英語(yǔ)的雛形，并改變了人們建造房屋的方式。定語(yǔ)從句peoplebuilthouses修飾先行詞theway，其前省略了關(guān)系詞that/inwhich，此時(shí)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。theway作先行詞時(shí)，若關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則關(guān)系詞用that/which；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可省略。[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________________.使我吃驚的不是他說(shuō)的話而是他說(shuō)話的方式。②Idon'tlikethewayshespeakstoyou.

＝Idon'tliketheway________shespeakstoyou.＝Idon'tliketheway____shespeakstoyou.我不喜歡她跟你講話的方式。the

way

he

said

itin

whichthat③Theway__________cameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.

在會(huì)議上提出來(lái)的方法是不切實(shí)際的。④Thereisanotherway___________________________tosolvetheproblem.有另外一個(gè)你能夠選擇的方法來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。that/which

(that/which)

you

can

choose

15．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.

用心去觀察，英國(guó)的過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在都將展示在你面前，令你嘆為觀止。keepyoureyesopen中的open是形容詞，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，修飾youreyes。(1)“keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種形式：(2)“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種形式：[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

①Thatshehadn'tkepthermind____herworkresultedinthefailure.②Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes_____(close)．③Youshouldmakeyourviews_______(know)．④Everydaymyparentsmakemehaveanegg. →EverydayIammade_________aneggbymyparents.

我父母每天要我吃一個(gè)雞蛋。onclosed

known

to

have16．★chargen．收費(fèi)；指控；主管vt.收費(fèi)；控告；充電①Youarenotinchargeoftheuniverse;youareinchargeofyourself.你不是宇宙的主宰；但你可以主宰你自己。[歸納拓展](1)charge(sb.)forsth. 為……(向某人)收費(fèi)/要價(jià)chargesb.withsth.

指控某人某事(2)incharge(of...) 主管/看管/負(fù)責(zé)(……)takechargeof... 負(fù)責(zé)/看管……in/underthechargeofsb.＝inone'scharge在某人的掌管之下freeofcharge 免費(fèi)charged

the

thief

with

took

charge

of

in

the

charge

ofin

charge

of17．★announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱①Theannouncermadeanannouncementthatallthedetailsshouldbeannouncedthroughthebroadcast.廣播員宣布所有的細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)通過(guò)廣播公布出來(lái)。[

歸納拓展](1)announcesth.(tosb.) (向某人)宣布、通告某事announcethat... 宣布……；通知……Itis/wasannouncedthat... 據(jù)宣布……(2)announcementn. 通知；通告makeanannouncement

宣布；下通知(3)announcern. 廣播員；播音員

★★

動(dòng)詞announce后不跟雙賓語(yǔ)，表示“向某人宣布某事”時(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)announcesth.tosb.或announcetosb.sth.。類似用法的單詞還有suggest,explain,report,say等。[

對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Hesaidtheluckywoman________________________________andthetripwillbesharedonline.他說(shuō)這位幸運(yùn)的女士將在網(wǎng)站上公布出來(lái)，整個(gè)旅行也會(huì)在線分享。③Onedaywithabasketofvegetables,he_____________hewasgoingtocookadeliciousdish.一天他帶著一籃子的蔬菜，向我們宣布他將烹飪一道佳肴。④Attheendofthemeeting,it__________________anagreementhadbeenreached.會(huì)議最后宣布已達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。will

be

announced

on

the

website

announced

to

us

that

was

announced

that

18．★amountn．金額；數(shù)量①Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.今天8美元或10美元似乎是一個(gè)小數(shù)目的錢，但在當(dāng)時(shí)這些數(shù)額對(duì)大多數(shù)公民是禁止的。[歸納拓展](1)“alargeamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)“l(fā)argeamountsof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“大量的”短語(yǔ)還有alargenumberof,agreatdealof,plentyof,alargequantityof等。①agreatdealof只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞；②alargenumberof只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；③alotof,plentyof,alargequantityof既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Alargeamountofdamage_____________(do)tothecityinaveryshorttime.③Peopleindisasterareashavehad______________________frompeopleallovertheworld.災(zāi)區(qū)人民得到了全世界人們的大量幫助。has

been

done

a

large

amount

of

help

19．★approachn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近①Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.她還接觸了牙醫(yī)，學(xué)習(xí)更多有關(guān)清潔牙齒的知識(shí)。[

歸納拓展](1)anapproachto(doing)sth.

(做)某事的方法/途徑attheapproachof 在快到……的時(shí)候makeapproachestosb. 想接近某人；想與某人打交道(2)approachableadj. 可接近的；友好的[應(yīng)用融會(huì)](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空②Yesterdayweheldameetingandmadeanapproach__thelow-carbonlife.③Wefoundhimvery____________(approach)andeasytotalkwith.(2)完成句子④Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,__________________from behind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.不幸的是，正當(dāng)我拿出相機(jī)的時(shí)候，一位女士從后面走了過(guò)來(lái)，站在了我

眼前，擋住了我的視線。⑤__________________thecinema,hestoppedandwaitedforhisfriends.在快到電影院時(shí)，他停下來(lái)等他的朋友。toapproachablea

woman

approached

At

the

approach

of

20．★generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的①Theyoungmanisverygenerouswithhistimeinhelpingothers.這個(gè)年輕人在幫助別人方面很慷慨。[

歸納拓展](1)begeneroustosb.

對(duì)某人慷慨begenerouswithsth. 在某方面大方；不吝嗇某物It'sgenerousofsb.todosth. 某人做某事真是慷慨(2)generouslyadv. 慷慨地；大方地generosityn. 慷慨；大方[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②Thesevolunteersareverygenerous____theoldmen.③Itisgenerousofyou_________(lend)yoursmartphonetome.④Sheiswell-knownforher____________(generous)．toto

lendgenerosity

[歸納拓展](1)afeastfor

對(duì)……大飽眼福/耳福aweddingfeast 婚宴(2)feaston/uponsth. 盡情享用某物feastyoureyes(onsb./sth.) 盡情欣賞；大飽眼福；賞心悅目21.★feastn．盛宴；宴會(huì)；節(jié)日[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

①Theeveningpartywas____________formusiclovers.這個(gè)晚會(huì)真是讓音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者大飽耳福。②We__________chickenandroastpotatoes.我們飽餐了一頓雞肉和烤土豆。③Ifyoulikeluxurycars,__________________these.要是你喜歡豪華轎車的話，就好好欣賞這些吧。a

real

feast

feasted

onfeast

your

eyes

on

22.★rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動(dòng)n.卷(軸)；翻滾[歸納拓展](1)rollup

卷起；(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手)關(guān)閉；到達(dá)rollover 翻身；翻滾；翻轉(zhuǎn)rollback 擊退；降低rollin 大量涌來(lái)(2)arollof 一卷rockandroll 搖滾樂(lè)[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

①Rollingthewindow__

hegavethemanasumofmoney.②Irolledthebaby____ontoitsstomach.③Thecarbegantoroll____downthehill.④Hetookoutaroll__newspapersfromunderhisarm.upoverback

of

23★greetvt.問(wèn)候；迎候[歸納拓展](1)greetsb.

迎接/問(wèn)候某人greetsb.with... 用……迎接某人begreetedwith/bysth. 對(duì)某事做出某種反應(yīng)(2)greetingn. 問(wèn)候；招呼；祝賀agreetingcard 賀卡(3)greetern. 迎賓；門迎[對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

②He______________________warmlyastheyarrived.客人到達(dá)時(shí)他都熱情接待。③They___________________andsatdowntolunch.他們相互致意后便坐下吃午飯。④He_______histeacher____“goodmorning”．他向老師說(shuō)了句“早安”。greeted

all

the

guests

exchanged

greetings

greetedwith

24．★custom