縣域空間貧困的地理識別研究以寧夏涇源縣為例

縣域空間貧困的地理識別研究以寧夏涇源縣為例一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在探討縣域空間貧困的地理識別研究，并以寧夏涇源縣為例進行深入分析?？臻g貧困是一個涉及地理學、經濟學、社會學等多學科的復雜問題，它不僅關乎貧困地區(qū)的社會經濟發(fā)展，也直接影響到貧困人口的生活質量和福祉。因此，對縣域空間貧困進行地理識別研究具有重要的理論和實踐意義。Thisarticleaimstoexplorethegeographicalidentificationofspatialpovertyincountiesandconductin-depthanalysisusingJingyuanCountyinNingxiaasanexample.Spatialpovertyisacomplexprobleminvolvingmultipledisciplinessuchasgeography,economics,sociology,etc.Itnotonlyconcernsthesocio-economicdevelopmentofimpoverishedareas,butalsodirectlyaffectsthequalityoflifeandwell-beingoftheimpoverishedpopulation.Therefore,conductinggeographicalidentificationresearchoncounty-levelspatialpovertyhasimportanttheoreticalandpracticalsignificance.文章首先對空間貧困的相關概念進行界定，明確其內涵和外延。接著，通過對國內外相關文獻的梳理和評價，總結現有研究的不足之處，為本文的研究提供理論支撐和方法指導。在此基礎上，文章提出了基于地理信息系統(tǒng)的空間貧困識別方法，該方法結合了遙感技術、地理信息系統(tǒng)和統(tǒng)計分析等多種手段，能夠對縣域空間貧困進行準確、全面的識別。Thearticlefirstdefinestherelevantconceptsofspatialpoverty,clarifyingitsconnotationandextension.Subsequently,byreviewingandevaluatingrelevantliteraturebothdomesticallyandinternationally,theshortcomingsofexistingresearcharesummarized,providingtheoreticalsupportandmethodologicalguidancefortheresearchinthisarticle.Onthisbasis,thearticleproposesaspatialpovertyidentificationmethodbasedongeographicinformationsystems,whichcombinesremotesensingtechnology,geographicinformationsystems,andstatisticalanalysistoaccuratelyandcomprehensivelyidentifyspatialpovertyincounties.以寧夏涇源縣為例，文章運用上述方法對縣域空間貧困進行了實證研究。通過對涇源縣的自然地理環(huán)境、社會經濟狀況、人口分布等多個方面的分析，揭示了該縣空間貧困的分布特征和影響因素。文章還提出了針對性的扶貧政策和建議，旨在為涇源縣的脫貧攻堅工作提供科學依據和決策支持。TakingJingyuanCountyinNingxiaasanexample,thisarticleusestheabovemethodstoempiricallystudyspatialpovertyinthecountyarea.Byanalyzingthenaturalgeographicalenvironment,socio-economicstatus,populationdistribution,andotheraspectsofJingyuanCounty,thedistributioncharacteristicsandinfluencingfactorsofspatialpovertyinthecountywererevealed.Thearticlealsoproposestargetedpovertyalleviationpoliciesandsuggestions,aimingtoprovidescientificbasisanddecision-makingsupportforthepovertyalleviationworkinJingyuanCounty.本文的研究不僅有助于深入理解縣域空間貧困的地理特征和形成機制，也為其他地區(qū)的空間貧困識別提供了可借鑒的方法和經驗。文章的研究結果對于推動貧困地區(qū)的社會經濟發(fā)展、改善貧困人口的生活狀況具有重要的現實意義和應用價值。Thisstudynotonlyhelpstogainadeeperunderstandingofthegeographicalcharacteristicsandformationmechanismsofspatialpovertyincounties,butalsoprovidesreferencemethodsandexperiencesforidentifyingspatialpovertyinotherregions.Theresearchresultsofthearticlehaveimportantpracticalsignificanceandapplicationvalueforpromotingthesocio-economicdevelopmentofpoverty-strickenareasandimprovingthelivingconditionsoftheimpoverishedpopulation.二、涇源縣縣域概況OverviewofJingyuanCounty涇源縣，位于寧夏回族自治區(qū)南部，地處六盤山東麓，是一個以山地為主的縣域。全縣總面積約為1131平方公里，下轄多個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，總人口相對較少，多數居民以農業(yè)為生。涇源縣地理位置獨特，地勢南高北低，境內山脈起伏，河流縱橫，地形復雜多樣。JingyuanCountyislocatedinthesouthernpartofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,attheeasternfootofLiupanMountain.Itisamountainouscounty.Thetotalareaofthecountyisabout1131squarekilometers,withmultipletownshipsunderitsjurisdiction.Thetotalpopulationisrelativelysmall,andmostresidentsmakealivingthroughagriculture.JingyuanCountyhasauniquegeographicallocation,withhighterraininthesouthandlowterraininthenorth.Themountainsandriverswithinthecountyareundulating,andtheterrainiscomplexanddiverse.涇源縣是一個典型的山區(qū)農業(yè)縣，經濟發(fā)展相對滯后。由于地理位置偏遠，交通不便，信息閉塞，加上自然環(huán)境惡劣，干旱、水土流失等自然災害頻發(fā)，使得縣域經濟發(fā)展面臨諸多困難。同時，涇源縣也是國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點縣之一，貧困人口占比較大，貧困程度較深。JingyuanCountyisatypicalmountainousagriculturalcountywithrelativelylaggingeconomicdevelopment.Duetoitsremotegeographicallocation,inconvenienttransportation,informationblockage,andharshnaturalenvironment,frequentnaturaldisasterssuchasdroughtandsoilerosion,thecounty'seconomicdevelopmentfacesmanydifficulties.Atthesametime,JingyuanCountyisalsooneofthekeycountiesfornationalpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentwork,witharelativelylargeproportionofimpoverishedpeopleandadeeperlevelofpoverty.近年來，涇源縣政府積極響應國家扶貧政策，采取了一系列措施加強扶貧開發(fā)工作。通過發(fā)展特色農業(yè)、推進鄉(xiāng)村旅游、加強基礎設施建設等方式，努力改善貧困地區(qū)的生產生活條件，取得了一定的成效。然而，由于歷史、地理等多方面原因，涇源縣的貧困問題仍然較為突出，扶貧工作仍需持續(xù)加強。Inrecentyears,thegovernmentofJingyuanCountyhasactivelyrespondedtothenationalpovertyalleviationpolicyandtakenaseriesofmeasurestostrengthenpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentwork.Bydevelopingcharacteristicagriculture,promotingruraltourism,andstrengtheninginfrastructureconstruction,effortshavebeenmadetoimprovetheproductionandlivingconditionsinimpoverishedareas,achievingcertainresults.However,duetovariousreasonssuchashistoryandgeography,thepovertyprobleminJingyuanCountyisstillprominent,andpovertyalleviationworkstillneedstobecontinuouslystrengthened.本研究以涇源縣為例，通過地理識別方法，深入分析縣域空間貧困的分布特征、形成機制及影響因素，旨在為進一步推進涇源縣扶貧開發(fā)工作提供科學依據和決策支持。通過對涇源縣的研究，也可以為類似地區(qū)的扶貧工作提供借鑒和參考。ThisstudytakesJingyuanCountyasanexampleandusesgeographicidentificationmethodstodeeplyanalyzethedistributioncharacteristics,formationmechanisms,andinfluencingfactorsofspatialpovertyinthecounty.Theaimistoprovidescientificbasisanddecision-makingsupportforfurtherpromotingpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentworkinJingyuanCounty.ThroughthestudyofJingyuanCounty,itcanalsoprovidereferenceandguidanceforpovertyalleviationworkinsimilarareas.三、縣域空間貧困的地理識別方法Geographicalidentificationmethodsforspatialpovertyincounties在縣域空間貧困的地理識別研究中，我們采用了一套綜合性的方法體系，以寧夏涇源縣為例，深入探討了空間貧困的地理分布特征和形成機制。本研究主要采用了地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）技術、空間統(tǒng)計分析方法以及多元數據融合技術，從多個角度對縣域空間貧困進行了精細化的地理識別。Intheresearchongeographicalidentificationofspatialpovertyincounties,weadoptedacomprehensivemethodsystem,takingJingyuanCountyinNingxiaasanexample,todeeplyexplorethegeographicaldistributioncharacteristicsandformationmechanismofspatialpoverty.Thisstudymainlyusedgeographicinformationsystem(GIS)technology,spatialstatisticalanalysismethods,andmultivariatedatafusiontechnologytofinelyidentifyspatialpovertyincountiesfrommultipleperspectives.我們利用GIS技術，對涇源縣的地形、地貌、氣候、水文等自然地理要素進行了空間化表達，建立了縣域空間數據庫。在此基礎上，結合社會經濟統(tǒng)計數據，通過空間疊加分析，識別出了縣域內貧困地區(qū)的主要分布區(qū)域。這些區(qū)域往往具有地形復雜、生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、基礎設施落后等共同特征。WeutilizedGIStechnologytospatiallyexpressthenaturalgeographicelementssuchasterrain,topography,climate,andhydrologyofJingyuanCounty,andestablishedacounty-levelspatialdatabase.Onthisbasis,combinedwithsocio-economicstatisticaldata,themaindistributionareasofpoverty-strickenareaswithinthecountywereidentifiedthroughspatialsuperpositionanalysis.Theseareasoftenhavecommoncharacteristicssuchascomplexterrain,fragileecologicalenvironment,andoutdatedinfrastructure.我們采用了空間統(tǒng)計分析方法，對縣域內的貧困程度進行了量化評估。通過計算貧困發(fā)生率、貧困深度指數等指標，我們揭示了縣域內不同區(qū)域的貧困程度和空間分布特征。同時，運用空間自相關分析等方法，探討了貧困空間分布的集聚性和異質性，為深入解析貧困形成機制提供了依據。Weusedspatialstatisticalanalysismethodstoquantitativelyevaluatethepovertylevelwithinthecounty.Bycalculatingindicatorssuchaspovertyincidencerateandpovertydepthindex,wehaverevealedthepovertylevelandspatialdistributioncharacteristicsindifferentregionswithinthecounty.Atthesametime,methodssuchasspatialautocorrelationanalysiswereusedtoexploretheagglomerationandheterogeneityofpovertyspatialdistribution,providingabasisforin-depthanalysisofpovertyformationmechanisms.我們利用多元數據融合技術，將不同來源、不同尺度的數據進行整合和融合，提高了空間貧困識別的精度和可靠性。通過整合遙感影像、社會經濟數據、地形地貌數據等多源信息，我們構建了一個多維度的貧困識別模型，對縣域空間貧困進行了更加全面和深入的分析。Weusemulti-dimensionaldatafusiontechnologytointegrateandfusedatafromdifferentsourcesandscales,improvingtheaccuracyandreliabilityofspatialpovertyidentification.Byintegratingmultiplesourcesofinformationsuchasremotesensingimages,socio-economicdata,andtopographicandgeomorphologicaldata,wehaveconstructedamultidimensionalpovertyidentificationmodelandconductedamorecomprehensiveandin-depthanalysisofspatialpovertyincounties.本研究通過綜合運用GIS技術、空間統(tǒng)計分析方法和多元數據融合技術，對寧夏涇源縣的空間貧困進行了精細化的地理識別。這不僅有助于我們更加準確地了解縣域內貧困的空間分布特征和形成機制，也為制定針對性的扶貧政策和措施提供了科學依據。ThisstudyconductedarefinedgeographicidentificationofspatialpovertyinJingyuanCounty,NingxiabycomprehensivelyutilizingGIStechnology,spatialstatisticalanalysismethods,andmultivariatedatafusiontechnology.Thisnotonlyhelpsustohaveamoreaccurateunderstandingofthespatialdistributioncharacteristicsandformationmechanismsofpovertywithinthecounty,butalsoprovidesascientificbasisforformulatingtargetedpovertyalleviationpoliciesandmeasures.四、涇源縣縣域空間貧困識別結果IdentificationresultsofspatialpovertyinJingyuanCounty涇源縣，位于寧夏回族自治區(qū)的南部，是一個典型的山區(qū)農業(yè)縣。由于其特殊的地理位置和自然條件，該縣長期以來面臨著空間貧困的問題。為了準確識別縣域空間貧困狀況，本研究采用了多維度的貧困識別方法，并結合了地理信息技術，以期能夠為縣域扶貧工作提供科學依據。JingyuanCounty,locatedinthesouthernpartofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,isatypicalmountainousagriculturalcounty.Duetoitsuniquegeographicallocationandnaturalconditions,thecountyhaslongfacedtheproblemofspatialpoverty.Inordertoaccuratelyidentifythespatialpovertysituationincounties,thisstudyadoptedamultidimensionalpovertyidentificationmethodandcombineditwithgeographicinformationtechnology,inordertoprovidescientificbasisforpovertyalleviationworkincounties.通過綜合運用地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）和遙感技術，我們對涇源縣的空間貧困狀況進行了深入的分析。識別結果顯示，涇源縣內的貧困地區(qū)主要集中在山區(qū)和交通不便的地區(qū)，這些地區(qū)的自然條件惡劣，基礎設施建設滯后，人口分布稀疏，經濟發(fā)展緩慢。Weconductedanin-depthanalysisofthespatialpovertysituationinJingyuanCountybyintegratinggeographicinformationsystems(GIS)andremotesensingtechnology.TheidentificationresultsshowthattheimpoverishedareasinJingyuanCountyaremainlyconcentratedinmountainousareasandareaswithinconvenienttransportation.Theseareashavepoornaturalconditions,lagginginfrastructureconstruction,sparsepopulationdistribution,andsloweconomicdevelopment.具體來說，貧困地區(qū)的空間分布呈現出明顯的集聚特征，主要集中在縣域的北部和東部山區(qū)。這些地區(qū)由于地勢高峻，交通不便，導致資源利用效率低下，農業(yè)生產條件惡劣，居民生活水平相對較低。同時，由于這些地區(qū)的教育、醫(yī)療等社會服務水平也相對滯后，進一步加劇了貧困的程度。Specifically,thespatialdistributionofimpoverishedareasshowsobviousclusteringcharacteristics,mainlyconcentratedinthenorthernandeasternmountainousareasofthecounty.Duetotheirhighterrainandinconvenienttransportation,theseareashavelowresourceutilizationefficiency,pooragriculturalproductionconditions,andrelativelylowlivingstandardsforresidents.Atthesametime,duetotherelativelylagginglevelofsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcareintheseregions,povertyhasfurtherintensified.通過對貧困人口的地理分布進行分析，我們發(fā)現貧困人口主要集中在距離縣城較遠的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。這些地區(qū)的居民由于缺乏穩(wěn)定的收入來源和就業(yè)機會，生活水平普遍較低，貧困發(fā)生率較高。Byanalyzingthegeographicaldistributionoftheimpoverishedpopulation,wefoundthattheyaremainlyconcentratedinruralareasfarfromthecountyseat.Duetothelackofstablesourcesofincomeandemploymentopportunities,residentsintheseareasgenerallyhavelowerlivingstandardsandhigherincidenceofpoverty.涇源縣縣域空間貧困識別結果顯示，該縣的貧困地區(qū)主要集中在山區(qū)和交通不便的地區(qū)，貧困人口的地理分布也呈現出明顯的集聚特征。針對這些地區(qū)的貧困問題，需要制定更加精準的扶貧政策，加強基礎設施建設，提高資源利用效率，改善居民生活條件，推動縣域經濟社會的協(xié)調發(fā)展。ThespatialpovertyidentificationresultsofJingyuanCountyshowthatthepoverty-strickenareasaremainlyconcentratedinmountainousareasandareaswithinconvenienttransportation,andthegeographicaldistributionoftheimpoverishedpopulationalsoshowsobviousclusteringcharacteristics.Inresponsetothepovertyproblemintheseregions,itisnecessarytoformulatemoreprecisepovertyalleviationpolicies,strengtheninfrastructureconstruction,improveresourceutilizationefficiency,improvelivingconditionsofresidents,andpromotecoordinateddevelopmentofcounty-leveleconomyandsociety.五、縣域空間貧困的減貧路徑與對策Povertyreductionpathsandstrategiesforcounty-levelspatialpoverty以寧夏涇源縣為例，縣域空間貧困的減貧路徑與對策應綜合考慮地理環(huán)境、社會經濟條件、政策導向等多方面因素。基于前述的地理識別研究，我們提出以下針對性的減貧路徑與對策。TakingJingyuanCountyinNingxiaasanexample,thepovertyreductionpathandcountermeasuresforspatialpovertyinthecountyshouldcomprehensivelyconsidermultiplefactorssuchasgeographicalenvironment,socio-economicconditions,andpolicyguidance.Basedontheaforementionedgeographicalidentificationresearch,weproposethefollowingtargetedpovertyreductionpathsandstrategies.涇源縣空間貧困具有明顯的地域性特點，因此，要進一步細化貧困人口的識別工作，確保扶貧政策能夠精準到戶、到人。針對不同貧困類型的地區(qū)和人口，制定差異化的扶貧策略，如發(fā)展特色產業(yè)、改善基礎設施、提升教育水平等。ThespatialpovertyinJingyuanCountyhasobviousregionalcharacteristics,therefore,itisnecessarytofurtherrefinetheidentificationofimpoverishedpopulationsandensurethatpovertyalleviationpoliciescanbeprecisetohouseholdsandindividuals.Developdifferentiatedpovertyalleviationstrategiesfordifferenttypesofregionsandpopulations,suchasdevelopingcharacteristicindustries,improvinginfrastructure,andenhancingeducationlevels.基礎設施的完善是減少空間貧困的基礎。涇源縣應加大對交通、水利、電力等基礎設施的投資力度，特別是偏遠貧困地區(qū)的道路建設，提高交通便利性，降低生產成本，促進資源流通。Theimprovementofinfrastructureisthefoundationforreducingspatialpoverty.JingyuanCountyshouldincreaseinvestmentininfrastructuresuchastransportation,waterconservancy,andelectricity,especiallyinroadconstructioninremoteandimpoverishedareas,toimprovetransportationconvenience,reduceproductioncosts,andpromoteresourcecirculation.結合涇源縣的資源稟賦和地理特點，發(fā)展具有地方特色的農業(yè)、林業(yè)、旅游業(yè)等產業(yè)。通過政策扶持、技術培訓等方式，引導貧困人口參與特色產業(yè)發(fā)展，實現穩(wěn)定脫貧。BasedontheresourceendowmentandgeographicalcharacteristicsofJingyuanCounty,developindustrieswithlocalcharacteristicssuchasagriculture,forestry,andtourism.Throughpolicysupport,technicaltraining,andothermeans,guidetheimpoverishedpopulationtoparticipateinthedevelopmentofcharacteristicindustriesandachievestablepovertyalleviation.教育是阻斷貧困代際傳遞的根本途徑。涇源縣應加大對教育的投入，改善教育條件，提高教育質量。同時，加強職業(yè)技能培訓，提升貧困人口的就業(yè)能力和創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。Educationisthefundamentalwaytoblocktheintergenerationaltransmissionofpoverty.JingyuanCountyshouldincreaseinvestmentineducation,improveeducationalconditions,andenhancethequalityofeducation.Atthesametime,strengthenvocationalskillstrainingtoenhancetheemploymentandentrepreneurialabilitiesoftheimpoverishedpopulation.建立健全覆蓋全體城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系，特別是針對貧困人口的社會救助、醫(yī)療保險等制度，確保貧困人口的基本生活需要得到保障。Establishandimproveasocialsecuritysystemthatcoversallurbanandruralresidents,especiallysocialassistanceandmedicalinsurancesystemsfortheimpoverishedpopulation,toensurethattheirbasiclivingneedsareguaranteed.涇源縣應積極與周邊地區(qū)開展合作，實現資源共享、優(yōu)勢互補。通過區(qū)域合作，推動產業(yè)協(xié)同發(fā)展、基礎設施建設、人才引進等方面的合作，共同推動區(qū)域減貧進程。JingyuanCountyshouldactivelycooperatewithsurroundingareastoachieveresourcesharingandcomplementaryadvantages.Throughregionalcooperation,wewillpromotecollaborativedevelopmentofindustries,infrastructureconstruction,talentintroduction,andotheraspectsofcooperationtojointlypromotetheprocessofregionalpovertyreduction.在現有扶貧政策的基礎上，積極探索創(chuàng)新扶貧模式和機制，如金融扶貧、電商扶貧、旅游扶貧等，激發(fā)貧困地區(qū)和貧困人口的內生動力，形成可持續(xù)的減貧長效機制。Onthebasisofexistingpovertyalleviationpolicies,activelyexploreinnovativepovertyalleviationmodelsandmechanisms,suchasfinancialpovertyalleviation,e-commercepovertyalleviation,tourismpovertyalleviation,etc.,stimulatetheendogenousdrivingforceofimpoverishedareasandpopulations,andformasustainablelong-termmechanismforpovertyreduction.涇源縣的減貧路徑與對策應以精準識別為基礎，強化基礎設施建設，發(fā)展特色產業(yè)，加強教育和人才培養(yǎng)，完善社會保障體系，加強區(qū)域合作，創(chuàng)新扶貧模式和機制等多方面的綜合施策，努力實現縣域空間貧困的有效緩解和最終消除。ThepovertyreductionpathandcountermeasuresofJingyuanCountyshouldbebasedonpreciseidentification,strengtheninfrastructureconstruction,developcharacteristicindustries,strengtheneducationandtalentcultivation,improvesocialsecuritysystem,strengthenregionalcooperation,innovatepovertyalleviationmodelsandmechanisms,andcomprehensivelyimplementvariousmeasurestoeffectivelyalleviateandultimatelyeliminatespatialpovertyinthecounty.六、結論與展望ConclusionandOutlook本研究以寧夏涇源縣為例，深入探討了縣域空間貧困的地理識別方法及其實際應用。通過綜合運用GIS技術、空間計量經濟學等多種手段，對涇源縣的空間貧困狀況進行了系統(tǒng)分析。研究發(fā)現，涇源縣的空間貧困呈現出明顯的地域性特征，其中地形、交通、資源等因素對貧困程度具有顯著影響。本研究還發(fā)現，空間貧困與人口分布、產業(yè)結構等因素密切相關，這為后續(xù)的扶貧工作提供了重要參考。ThisstudytakesJingyuanCounty,Ningxiaasanexampletoexploreindepththegeographicalidentificationmethodsandpracticalapplicationsofspatialpovertyinthecounty.AsystematicanalysiswasconductedonthespatialpovertysituationinJingyuanCountythroughthecomprehensiveapplicationofGIStechnology,spatialeconometricsandothermeans.ResearchhasfoundthatspatialpovertyinJingyuanCountyexhibitsobviousregionalcharacteristics,withfactorssuchasterrain,transportation,andresourceshavingasignificantimpactonpovertylevels.Thisstudyalsofoundthatspatialpovertyisc