建筑環(huán)境與能源應(yīng)用工程專業(yè)英語16

ReviewSalvationLieswithin“得救之道，就在其中”練習(xí)：英譯漢Applyingthemeasuredglobalanddiffusesolarradiationdatafrom78meteorologicalstationsinChina,acountrywidegeneralcorrelationmodelforcalculatingthedailydiffuseradiationwasderived

onthebasisofLiuandJordanmethod.Twowidelyusedstatistics:rootmeansquareerrorandmeanbiaserrorwereused

toassesstheperformanceofthecorrelation.Andthecorrelationshowsgoodbehaviorwhenappliedtomostofthestations.Subsequently,withthemeasureddatafromthe78stations,ananalysisofgeographicaldistributionofsolarenergyresourceinChinawasalsopresentedintheformofclearnessindex(theratioofglobalsolarradiationtoextraterrestrialradiation)percentagefrequency,andresultsshowthatthesolarenergyresourceinwesternandnorthernChinaisrelativelyabundant.練習(xí)：英譯漢Applyingthedailyglobalsolarradiationdatameasuredatleast10years,thetypicalsolarradiationyearfor30meteorologicalstationsinChinaisgeneratedusingtheFinkelstein–Schaferstatisticalmethod.Basedonthetypicalsolarradiationdataobtained,thegeographicaldifferenceofsolarenergyresourceofthese30stationswasalsoanalyzed.TheresultsinthispaperwillfillthisgapthatcompleteanddetailedtypicalsolarradiationdataarenotavailableforChina,andwillbeusefultothedesignersofsolarenergyconversionandutilizationdevices.練習(xí)：英譯漢1）HVACsystemsandtheassociateddistributionsystemsoftenoccupyasignificantamountofspace.Majorcomponentsmayalsorequirespecialsupportfromthestructure.Thesizeandappearanceofterminaldevices(i.e.,diffusers,fan-coilunits,radiantpanels,etc.)haveanaffectonthearchitecturaldesignbecausetheyarevisibleintheoccupiedspace.2）Thedesignengineerisresponsibleforconsideringvarioussystemsandrecommendingoneortwothatwillsatisfythegoalandperformasdesired.Itisimperativethatthedesignengineerandtheownercollaborateonidentifyingandratingthecriteriaassociatedwiththedesigngoal.UnitOne: HVACRandInternet

heating采暖供熱ventilation通風(fēng)airconditioning空氣調(diào)節(jié)refrigeration制冷HVACR暖通空調(diào)制冷technicalsophistication技術(shù)精通entrepreneur企業(yè)家proprietarytechnology專利技術(shù)highlyeducated受過良好教育的Internet-savvy熟悉網(wǎng)絡(luò)的Plumbing&Drainage給水、排水distanceeducation遠(yuǎn)程教育searchingliterature文獻(xiàn)查詢web-enabled具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的civilbuilding民用建筑industrialbuilding工業(yè)建筑residentialbuilding居住建筑publicbuilding公共建筑commercialbuilding商業(yè)建筑sizingHVACcomponents確定空調(diào)系統(tǒng)部件容量大小UnitTwo: SustainableBuiltEnvironmentbuiltenvironment

建筑環(huán)境

sustainability

可持續(xù)性sustainabledevelopment

可持續(xù)發(fā)展

sustainableapproach

可持續(xù)性方法integratedapproach集成化方法

theory＆practice理論與實踐lifecycleanalyses壽命周期分析

thermalcomfort熱舒適visualcomfort視覺舒適acousticcomfort聲覺舒適indoorairquality室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)professionalareas專業(yè)領(lǐng)域decision-making決策resourceconsumption資源消耗globalenergyconsumption全球能耗environmentalimpact環(huán)境影響greenhousegasemissions溫室氣體排放sickbuildingsymptoms病態(tài)建筑綜合癥financialgains經(jīng)濟(jì)效益costbenefitanalyses成本收益分析interdisciplinary跨學(xué)科的promotionalmaterial促銷材料academicresearch學(xué)術(shù)研究dynamiccharacteristic動態(tài)特性apartment公寓dweller居住者Buildingstructure建筑結(jié)構(gòu)UnitThree: IndoorAirQualityIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)

室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)interdisciplinary

跨學(xué)科的

concentration濃度EnvironmentalSustainableDevelopment

環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展pollutants污染物

occupant

居住者、室內(nèi)人員receptor受體

indoorairpollutants室內(nèi)空氣污染物PM(ParticulateMatter)

顆粒物VOC(VolatileOrganicCompounds)

揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物ETS(environmentaltobaccosmoke)

吸煙引起的煙物pollutantdistributions污染物分布controlstrategies控制策略localexhaust局部通風(fēng)residentiallife日常生活massbalanceequations質(zhì)量平衡方程empiricalmodel經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ蛂eductionismapproach簡化法expansionismapproach拓展法sampling抽樣、取樣environmentalecosystem環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)inhalation吸入UnitFour: EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingssolarenergy

太陽能

hydropower

水力發(fā)出的電力geothermalenergy

地?zé)崮?/p>

electricalpower

電能steamturbine

蒸汽輪機(jī)

mechanicalpower

機(jī)械能energyefficientsystem

高能效系統(tǒng)

costeffectiveness

成本效率chilledwater

冷凍水

condenserwater

冷卻水groundsourceheatpumps

地源熱泵

geothermalenergy地?zé)崮躡uildingenergyconsumption

建筑能耗

biomassenergy

生物質(zhì)能First(Second)LawofThermodynamics

熱力學(xué)第一（二）定律hydrodynamics

流體力學(xué)

thermodynamics

熱力學(xué)thermocouple

熱電偶

platinumresistance

鉑電阻powerplant

電廠CCHP（CombinedCoolingHeatingPower）System

熱電冷三聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)heatgains

得熱量

heatlosses

熱量損失energyefficientsystem

節(jié)能系統(tǒng)

existingbuilding

既有建筑UnitFour: EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingsEnergyUtilizationandConservation

能源利用與節(jié)約nonrenewableenergy

不可再生能源

renewableenergy

可再生能源secondaryequipment

二次設(shè)備

primaryequipment

初級設(shè)備conditionedspaces

空調(diào)區(qū)

centralplant

中央機(jī)組solareffects

太陽輻射的影響

internalgains

室內(nèi)得熱heatstorage

蓄熱interior

內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)buildingenvelope

建筑物圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)

infiltration

（風(fēng)）滲透pipinglossesorgains

管路熱損失或得熱

hour-by-hoursimulation

逐時模擬part-loadcharacteristics

部分負(fù)荷性能

energyaudit

能源審計chiller

冷水機(jī)組

capacity

容量variable-speeddrivers

變速驅(qū)動器

chilledwater

冷凍水condenserwater

冷卻水

coolingtower

冷卻塔watertreatment

水處理

hardwater

硬水feedwatersystems

補(bǔ)水系統(tǒng)SEER:SeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio

季節(jié)能效比HSPF:HeatingSeasonalPerformanceFactor

制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)UnitFive: HeatTransferheattransferequipment傳熱設(shè)備heatexchanger熱交換器boiler鍋爐condenser冷凝器radiator散熱器refrigerator冰箱solarcollector太陽能集熱器heattransferrate傳熱(速)率temperaturedifference溫差factorofsafety安全系數(shù)experimentalerror實驗誤差operatingcondition運行條件heattransfercoefficient傳熱系數(shù)conduction傳導(dǎo)convection對流radiation輻射sensibleHeat

顯熱latentheat

潛熱zeroenergybuilding

零能耗建筑lowenergybuilding

低能耗建筑sizingproblem

容量選擇的問題

differentialequation

微分方程variable

變量

derivative

導(dǎo)數(shù)declineinperformance

性能的降低

plateheatexchanger

板式換熱器shellandtubeheatexchanger

殼管式換熱器finnedtubeheatexchanger

翅片管式換熱器UnitSix: TurbulenceandComplexFlowfluiddynamics,fluidmechanics,hydrodynamics

流體力學(xué)turbulentflow,turbulence紊流湍流

laminarflow

層流DirectNumericalSimulation(DNS)

直接模擬法LargeEddySimulation(lES)

大渦模擬Reynolds-averagedNavier-Stokes(RANS)

雷諾時均方程法Reynoldsnumber

雷諾數(shù)dissipation

耗散viscousstress

粘性力

shearstress

剪切力thermalanemometry熱線風(fēng)速儀

coherentstructure擬序結(jié)構(gòu)laserDopplerVelocimetry

激光多普勒測速儀two-phaseflow

兩相流

multiphaseflow

多相流continuummodel

連續(xù)型模型

dispersedphases

離散相、分散相particleimagevelocimetry(PIV)

粒子圖像測速（技術(shù)）flowvisualization

流動可視化

momentum

動量sub-gridscale

次網(wǎng)格尺度（范圍）

phrasechange

相變boundaryconditions

邊界條件

flowfield

流動區(qū)域coordinateframe

坐標(biāo)系

Galileantransformation

伽利略變換UnitSix: TurbulenceandComplexFlowvectorfield

向量場

frame-independent不依靠坐標(biāo)系的Vorticity渦量fine-scaleeffects

微尺度效應(yīng)roughness

粗糙（度）deformation

變形shearingstress

切應(yīng)力pressuresurge

壓力突然升高waterhammer

水錘現(xiàn)象UnitSeven: RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield

向量場

frame-independent不依靠坐標(biāo)系的refrigeration制冷refrigerationsystem制冷系統(tǒng)refrigerant制冷劑coolingmedium冷卻介質(zhì)vaporcompressionsystem蒸氣壓縮式系統(tǒng)absorptionsystem吸收式系統(tǒng)absorbent吸收劑gasexpansionsystem氣體膨脹式系統(tǒng)brine鹽水ozonedepletionpotential(ODP)臭氧消耗潛能globalwarmingpotential(GWP)全球變暖潛能hydrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔飄alocarbon鹵代烴phaseout逐步停用或淘汰alternative替代物Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)氫氟烴Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)氫氯氟烴Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)氯氟烴Bromofluorocarbons(BFCs)Halons溴氟烴HC（Hydrocarbon）碳?xì)銯C（Fluorocarbon）氟烴azeotropic共沸的nonazeotropic非共沸的UnitSeven: RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield

向量場

frame-independent不依靠坐標(biāo)系的Four-wayReversingValve

四通換向閥lithiumbromide

溴化鋰Ammonia

氨coolingeffect

冷卻作用heatsource

熱源heatsink

熱匯coolingmedium

冷卻介質(zhì)

throttle

節(jié)流節(jié)流閥expansionvalve

膨脹閥

capillary

毛細(xì)管absorbent

吸收劑

solution

溶液direct-firedgasfurnace

直燃式燃?xì)鉅t

wasteheat

廢熱concentration

濃度

volumetriccomposition

體積構(gòu)成saturationtemperature

飽和溫度

leak

泄漏charge

充注

dewpoint

露點（溫度）bubblepoint

泡點（溫度）

glide

滑移（溫度）Phaseout

逐步淘汰centrifugalchillers

離心式冷水機(jī)ReciprocationCompressor

往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)RotaryCompressor

轉(zhuǎn)子壓縮機(jī)ScrewCompressor

螺桿式壓縮機(jī)ScrollCompressor

渦旋式壓縮機(jī)CentrifugalCompressor

離心壓縮機(jī)mineraloil

礦物油UnitEight: Boilerfeedwater

補(bǔ)水bituminouscoal

煙煤naturalgas

天然氣lignite褐煤byproduct

副產(chǎn)品

blast-furnacegas高爐煤氣carbonmonoxide

一氧化碳

operatingcost運行費用fixedcharge

固定支出draftloss通風(fēng)熱損失Sootblower

吹灰器economizer

省煤器airpreheater

空氣預(yù)熱器chimneystack煙囪watertubeboiler

水管鍋爐

firetubeboiler火管鍋爐steamengine

蒸汽機(jī)steamturbine蒸汽輪機(jī)蒸汽透平pressure-reducingstation

減壓站

auxiliary輔助設(shè)備輔助的operatingpersonnel操作人員costoflabor人工費用firstcostcharge初投資initialcost初投資long-termsaving長期收益wastefuel廢棄燃料saturatedsteam飽和蒸汽superheatedsteam:??unsaturatedsteam:??UnitNine: HeatPumpsheatpump

熱泵

reversingvalve

四通換向閥heatingcycle

制熱循環(huán)

coolingcycle

制冷循環(huán)indoorcoil

室內(nèi)盤管

outdoorcoil

室外盤管frost

霜結(jié)霜defrost

除霜energyefficiencyratio(EER)

能效比coefficientofperformance(COP)

性能系數(shù)heatingseasonalperformancefactor(HSPF)

制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)seasonalenergyefficiencyratio(SEER)

(制冷)季節(jié)能效比ambienttemperatures

室外氣溫air-sourceheatpump

空氣源熱泵water-sourceheatpump

水源熱泵ground-waterheatpump

地下水源熱泵geothermalclosed-loopheatpump

閉環(huán)地源(或土壤源)熱泵UnitTen: ComfortHeatingfiretubeboilers

火管鍋爐

hydronicheating循環(huán)供暖secondaryheatexchanger

二次換熱器insulatingeffect

絕熱效應(yīng)firebox

燃燒室

alternateenergysources

替代能源cloudcover

云量shorterwavelength

短波longerwavelength

長波absorberplate吸收板antifreeze

防凍劑pressurestoragetank儲壓罐r(nóng)eliefvalve

排氣閥fiberglass

玻璃纖維centrifugalpump

離心泵checkvalve

逆止閥thermostat

溫控器auxiliaryheater輔助加熱器controlpanel

控制臺(面板)

greenhouse

溫室ASME(AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers)美國機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會UnitEleven: Ventilationventilationsystem

通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)emissionsources

排放源污染源generalexhaustventilation全面通風(fēng)

dilutionventilation

稀釋通風(fēng)localexhaustventilation

局部通風(fēng)

numberofairchanges換氣次數(shù)mixingefficiency混合效率

hood排風(fēng)罩contaminant污染物

make-upair

補(bǔ)充空氣aircleaner空氣處理器

stacks煙囪staticpressure

靜壓

velocitypressure

動壓axialflowfan

軸流風(fēng)機(jī)

centrifugalfan

離心風(fēng)機(jī)entrylosses入口損失

frictionlosses

摩擦損失precipitator除塵器

cyclone旋風(fēng)除塵器negativepressure負(fù)壓

positivepressure

正壓air-handlingsystem(AHU)

空氣處理系統(tǒng)ventilationcriteria通風(fēng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、通風(fēng)準(zhǔn)則UnitTwelve: AirConditioningSystemsairconditioningsystem

空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)humidify

加濕dehumidify

除濕filter

過濾過濾器central-stationsystem

集中式系統(tǒng)unitarysystem

單元式系統(tǒng)mechanicalroom

機(jī)房radiant-heatsystems

輻射采暖系統(tǒng)blower

送風(fēng)機(jī)facevelocity

迎面風(fēng)速

facearea迎風(fēng)面積mixingplenum

混合箱damper

閘板directexpansion(DX)

直接膨脹vibrationdamper

減震器acousticlining

隔音層acousticboard

隔音板grilles

格柵register

送風(fēng)口thefan-coilunitsystem風(fēng)機(jī)盤管系統(tǒng)

hydraulicsystem水力系統(tǒng)four-pipetype四管制two-pipetype兩管制diffuser散流器terminaldevice末端設(shè)備all-airsystem全空氣系統(tǒng)UnitThirteen: MeasurementErrorsandAccuracyuncertainty

不確定性measurementerror

測量誤差truevalue

真值

measuredvalue

測量值recordingerrors

記錄誤差systematicorfixederrors系統(tǒng)誤差accidentalorrandomerrors隨機(jī)誤差

measurementsystem測量系統(tǒng)meanvalue

平均值

frequencydistribution

頻率分布probabilitydensityfunction

概率密度函數(shù)distributionfunction

分布函數(shù)discreteprobabilitydistribution

離散型概率分布continuousprobabilitydensities

連續(xù)型概率密度conditionalprobability

條件概率LawofLargeNumbers

大數(shù)定律CentralLimitTheorem

中心極限定律UnitFourteen: ControlandBuildingAutomationSystemcontrolmode

控制模式On/OffControl