熱能表檢定規(guī)程

JJG225—20011熱能表檢定規(guī)程本規(guī)程參照采用國(guó)際法制計(jì)量組織(OIML)的國(guó)際建議R75《熱能表》(草案)(2001年5月),并參照我國(guó)國(guó)情,增減了少量?jī)?nèi)容。1范圍用于計(jì)量吸收熱量的熱能表的檢定,可參考本規(guī)程。2引用文獻(xiàn)本規(guī)程引用下列文獻(xiàn)1.OIMLR75—2001熱能表(草案)(OIMLR75—2001Heatmeters)(Draft)2.EN1434—1997熱能表(EN1434—1997Heatmeters)3.GB2423—1989電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗(yàn)4.GB6587—1986電子測(cè)量?jī)x器環(huán)境試驗(yàn)5.GB/T17626—1998電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)6.GB/T8622—1997工業(yè)鉑電阻溫度傳感器7.GB/T778.3—1996冷水水表第3部分:試驗(yàn)方法和試驗(yàn)設(shè)備使用本規(guī)程時(shí)應(yīng)注意使用上述引用文獻(xiàn)的現(xiàn)行有效版本。3術(shù)語(yǔ)與定義3.1熱能表Heatmeter用于測(cè)量及顯示熱交換回路中載熱液體所釋放的熱量的計(jì)量器具。3.1.1組合式熱能表Combinedheatmeter由獨(dú)立的流量傳感器、配對(duì)溫度傳感器和計(jì)算器組合而成的熱能表。3.1.2一體式熱能表Completeheatmeter由流量傳感器、配對(duì)溫度傳感器和計(jì)算器組成,而且組成后全部或部分不可分開的熱能表。3.2熱能表的組成部件Sub-assembliesofaheatmeter3.2.1流量傳感器Flowsensor在熱交換回路中用于產(chǎn)生載熱液體的流量信號(hào)的部件,該信號(hào)是載熱液體體積或質(zhì)量的函數(shù),也可是體積流量或質(zhì)量流量的函數(shù)。3.2.2配對(duì)溫度傳感器Temperaturesensorpair在熱交換回路中用于同時(shí)采集載熱液體在入口和出口的溫度信號(hào)的部件。3.2.3計(jì)算器Calculator用于接收流量傳感器和配對(duì)溫度傳感器的信號(hào),并進(jìn)行計(jì)算、累積、存儲(chǔ)和顯示熱2交換回路中釋放的熱量的部件。3.3標(biāo)稱運(yùn)行條件Ratedoperatingconditions3.3.1溫度范圍限Limitsoftemperaturerange3.3.1.1溫度范圍上限θmaxtheupperlimitofthetemperaturerange流經(jīng)熱能表的載熱液體的最高允許溫度。在此溫度下熱能表示值不超過(guò)最大允許誤3.3.1.2溫度范圍下限θminthelowerlimitofthetemperaturerange流經(jīng)熱能表的載熱液體的最低允許溫度。在此溫度下熱能表示值不超過(guò)最大允許誤3.3.2溫差限Limitsoftemperaturedifference3.3.2.1溫差Δθthetemperaturedifference熱交換回路中載熱液體入口溫度和出口溫度之差。3.3.2.2溫差上限Δθmaxtheupperlimitofthetemperaturedifference最大允許溫差,在此溫差下且在熱功率上限值內(nèi),熱能表不超過(guò)最大允許誤差。3.3.2.3溫差下限Δθminthelowerlimitofthetemperaturedifference最小允許溫差,在此溫差下,熱能表不超過(guò)最大允許誤差。3.3.3流量限Limitofflow-rate3.3.3.1流量上限qstheupperlimitoftheflow-rate熱能表在示值不超過(guò)最大允許誤差的情況下能夠短期運(yùn)行(<1小時(shí)/天及<200小時(shí)/年)的最大流量。3.3.3.2常用流量(額定流量)qpthepermanentflow-rate熱能表在不超過(guò)最大允許誤差的情況下可連續(xù)運(yùn)行的最大流量。3.3.3.3最小流量qithelowerlimitoftheflow-rate熱能表在不超過(guò)最大允許誤差下運(yùn)行的最小流量。3.3.4熱功率上限Pstheupperlimitofthethermalpower熱能表在不超過(guò)最大允許誤差下運(yùn)行的最大熱功率。3.3.5最大允許工作壓力Maximumadmissibleworkingpressure(MAP)熱能表在上限溫度下運(yùn)行可持久承受的最大壓力。3.3.6最大壓損Δpmaximumpressureloss熱能表在常用流量下運(yùn)行時(shí),載熱液體流過(guò)熱能表所產(chǎn)生的壓力損失。3.3.7最大允許誤差Maximumpermissibleerror(MPE)熱能表允許誤差的極限值。3.4總量檢定對(duì)熱能表的熱量值直接進(jìn)行檢定的方法稱為總量檢定。3.5分量檢定將組成熱能表的流量傳感器的參數(shù)、溫度傳感器的參數(shù)和積算儀的參數(shù)視為熱量的分量,按照分量或分量組合分別檢定的方法稱為分量檢定。34概述4.1工作原理熱能表的工作原理是:將配對(duì)溫度傳感器分別安裝在熱交換回路的入口和出口的管道上,將流量傳感器安裝在入口或出口管上;流量傳感器發(fā)出流量信號(hào),配對(duì)溫度傳感器給出入口和出口的溫度信號(hào),計(jì)算器采集流量信號(hào)和溫度信號(hào);經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算,顯示出載熱液體從入口至出口所釋放的熱量值。4.2結(jié)構(gòu)熱能表主要由流量傳感器、配對(duì)溫度傳感器和計(jì)算器組成。熱能表按結(jié)構(gòu)類型一般可分為一體式熱能表和組合式熱能表。4.3熱能的計(jì)算公式熱量的計(jì)算公式有下面兩種形式:Q=·Δh·dt(1)式中:Q—釋放的熱量,kJ;—流經(jīng)熱能表中載熱液體的質(zhì)量流量,kg/s;Δh—熱交換回路中入口溫度與出口溫度對(duì)應(yīng)的載熱液體的比焓值差,kJ/kg(水的焓值和密度表見(jiàn)附錄B);t時(shí)間,s。Q=·Δθ·dV(2)式中:Q—釋放的熱量,J或kW·h;V—載熱液體流過(guò)的體積,m3;Δθ熱交換回路中載熱液體入口處和出口處的溫差,℃;k熱系數(shù),它是載熱液體在相應(yīng)溫度、溫差和壓力下的函數(shù),[J/(m3·℃)或kW·h/(m3℃)],水的熱系數(shù)k值見(jiàn)附錄C。注:1查熱系數(shù)表時(shí),允許線性內(nèi)插。2式中的體積計(jì)量位置是在熱交換回路的出口處,否則,應(yīng)進(jìn)行密度修正。3附錄C熱系數(shù)k值的計(jì)算公式來(lái)源于歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EN1434《熱能表》。5計(jì)量性能要求5.1流量傳感器的密封性和強(qiáng)度應(yīng)能承受密封性和水壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn),無(wú)泄漏、滲漏或損壞。5.2熱能表的準(zhǔn)確度等級(jí)5.2.1按總量檢定時(shí),準(zhǔn)確度等級(jí)及最大允許相對(duì)誤差E列在表1中。5.2.2按分量檢定時(shí),各分量的準(zhǔn)確度等級(jí)及最大允許相對(duì)誤差E列在表2中。5.3熱能表的誤差限使用中檢驗(yàn)的熱能表的誤差限為上述誤差限的2倍(即最大允許誤差的2倍)。JJG225—20014表11級(jí)2級(jí)3級(jí)E=±2+4+0.01%Eq=±1+0.01%且≤±5%E=±3+4+0.02%E=±4+4+0.05%注:1對(duì)1級(jí)表qp≥100m3/h。2q為流量。表2流量傳感器誤差限Eq配對(duì)溫度傳感器誤差限Eθ計(jì)算器誤差限EG1級(jí)±1+0.01%且≤±5%配對(duì)溫度傳感器的溫差誤差應(yīng)滿足±(|0.5+3Δθmin)|%(Δθ)對(duì)單支溫度傳感器溫度誤差應(yīng)滿足±(0.30+0.005|θ|)℃±0.5+%2級(jí)±2+0.02%且≤±5%3級(jí)±3+0.05%且≤±5%注:對(duì)1級(jí)表qp≥100m3/h。5.4非葉輪式的流量傳感器的重復(fù)性Er非葉輪式的流量傳感器的重復(fù)性應(yīng)不大于最大允許誤差的一半。注:對(duì)于葉輪式的流量傳感器,可以不做重復(fù)性。5.5熱能表的溫度下限熱能表的溫差下限Δθmin一般為3℃。5.6流量傳感器的最大壓降流量傳感器的最大壓降Δp不應(yīng)超過(guò)25kPa。6通用技術(shù)要求6.1熱能表外殼應(yīng)涂層均勻,無(wú)裂紋、毛刺等表面缺陷,殼體應(yīng)能防水、塵侵入,并用箭頭標(biāo)出載熱液體流動(dòng)的方向。6.2熱能表應(yīng)有銘牌,銘牌上應(yīng)注明廠名或注冊(cè)商標(biāo)、口徑、型號(hào)與編號(hào)、標(biāo)志、q的測(cè)量范圍、θ的測(cè)量范圍、Δθ的測(cè)量范圍、最大允許工作壓力、準(zhǔn)確度等級(jí)、環(huán)境等級(jí)、制造年月、安裝位置(管道入口或出口)、水平安裝或垂直安裝(如有必要)。注:環(huán)境等級(jí)為A級(jí)環(huán)境(戶內(nèi)安裝):環(huán)境溫度為(+5~+55)℃;通常濕度;通常的電氣和電磁狀態(tài)。JJG225—20015B級(jí)環(huán)境(戶外安裝):環(huán)境溫度為(-25~+55)℃;通常濕度;通常的電氣和電磁環(huán)境。6.3送檢的熱能表中,新制造的熱能表應(yīng)具有產(chǎn)品合格證及使用說(shuō)明書;使用中和修理后的熱能表應(yīng)具有產(chǎn)品合格證、使用說(shuō)明書和上次檢定的合格證書。6.4熱能表顯示要求6.4.1熱能表應(yīng)至少能顯示熱量、累積流量、載熱液體入口溫度和出口溫度。熱量的顯示單位用J或W·h或其十進(jìn)制倍數(shù)。累積流量的顯示單位用m3。溫度的顯示單位用℃。顯示單位應(yīng)標(biāo)在不宜混淆的地方。6.4.2熱能表應(yīng)在最大熱功率下持續(xù)3000h而不超量程地顯示熱量,并在最大熱功率下工作1h而熱量顯示的最小位數(shù)至少步進(jìn)一位。6.4.3顯示數(shù)字的可見(jiàn)高度不應(yīng)小于4mm。6.4.4顯示分辨力6.4.4.1使用時(shí)顯示分辨力熱量:1kW·h或1MJ;累積流量:0.01m3;溫度:0.1℃。6.4.4.2檢定時(shí)顯示分辨力對(duì)于DN15和DN20的熱能表,熱量:一般為0.001kW·h或0.001MJ;累積流量:一般為0.00001m3;溫度:0.1℃。注:1達(dá)不到上述要求的熱能表應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)有接口并配有接線,檢定時(shí)可以使分辨力提高至上述要求。2對(duì)于其他口徑的熱能表,熱量和累積流量的顯示分辨力應(yīng)滿足檢定分辨力的要求。6.4.5熱能表通載熱液體,平穩(wěn)地運(yùn)行幾分鐘后應(yīng)進(jìn)入正常運(yùn)行。當(dāng)載熱液體不流時(shí),熱量顯示值應(yīng)不變。6.5影響熱能表計(jì)量的可拆部件應(yīng)有可靠的封印。封印必須是有效的。6.6熱能表的材料與結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成熱能表的所有部件應(yīng)有堅(jiān)固的結(jié)構(gòu)。在規(guī)定的溫度條件下,與載熱液體接觸的熱能表的材料應(yīng)具有相應(yīng)的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和足夠的耐磨強(qiáng)度,并能正常工作。熱能表中,凡與載熱液體接觸的部件材料應(yīng)能耐載熱液體和大氣的腐蝕或有可靠的防腐層。7計(jì)量器具控制計(jì)量器具控制包括首次檢定、后續(xù)檢定、使用中檢驗(yàn)、定型鑒定及樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)。附錄A規(guī)定了定型鑒定、樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目和試驗(yàn)方法。7.1檢定條件7.1.1主要檢定設(shè)備主要檢定設(shè)備列于表3中,恒溫槽的溫場(chǎng)要求列于表4中。7.1.2熱水流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置的擴(kuò)展不確定度(覆蓋因子為2)應(yīng)小于等于熱能表最大允許誤差的1/3,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻箱的擴(kuò)展不確定度(覆蓋因子為2)應(yīng)小于等于熱能表最大允許誤差的1/5。也可采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熱能表作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熱能表的擴(kuò)展不確定度(覆蓋因子為2)應(yīng)小于等于熱能表最大允許誤差的1/3。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熱能表應(yīng)在熱水裝置上檢定。對(duì)于其他JJG225—20016表3總量檢定分量檢定流量傳感器配對(duì)溫度傳感器計(jì)算器熱水流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置耐壓試驗(yàn)設(shè)備恒溫槽二等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì)熱水流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置耐壓試驗(yàn)設(shè)備恒溫槽二等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì)信號(hào)發(fā)生器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻箱表4℃名稱測(cè)量范圍工作區(qū)域最大溫差工作區(qū)域水平溫場(chǎng)恒溫水槽1~950.020.01恒溫油槽90~2000.030.015原理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器,如果其不確定度能夠滿足要求,也可以使用。7.1.3熱量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置應(yīng)具有測(cè)量壓力損失的功能。7.1.4環(huán)境及外部要求大氣溫度一般為(15~35)℃;大氣相對(duì)濕度一般為(15~85)%;大氣壓力一般為(86~106)kPa;供電電源:電源電壓為(187~242)V;電源頻率為(50±1)Hz;外界磁場(chǎng)干擾應(yīng)小到對(duì)熱能表的影響可忽略不計(jì)。7.1.5被檢熱能表實(shí)驗(yàn)前在實(shí)驗(yàn)室存放不少于2h。7.2檢定項(xiàng)目熱能表的檢定項(xiàng)目列于表5中。表5序號(hào)檢定項(xiàng)目檢定類別首次檢定后續(xù)檢定使用中檢驗(yàn)1外觀檢查+++2運(yùn)行檢查+++3密封性檢查++-4示值誤差+++5重復(fù)性++-注:“+”表示應(yīng)檢定;“-”表示可不檢定。7.3檢定方法7.3.1總量檢定法7按總量檢定的熱能表應(yīng)至少在以下3種情況下進(jìn)行檢定。在每一種情況下,選擇給定范圍內(nèi)的一溫差、一流量點(diǎn)并在(50±5)℃的水溫下進(jìn)行檢定。1)Δθmin≤Δθ≤1.2Δθmin和0.9qp≤q≤qp2)10≤Δθ≤20和0.2qp≤q≤0.22qp;3)(Δθmax-5)≤Δθ≤Δθmax和qi≤q≤1.1qi7.3.2分量檢定法7.3.2.1流量傳感器檢定流量傳感器時(shí),應(yīng)在下列每個(gè)流量范圍內(nèi)選一流量點(diǎn)并在(50±5)℃的水溫下進(jìn)行檢定。1)qi≤q≤1.1qi2)0.1qp≤q≤0.11qp3)0.9qp≤q≤1.0qp如果提供了型式批準(zhǔn)證書及可說(shuō)明室溫下和(50±5)℃下流量傳感器的對(duì)比性能的試驗(yàn)報(bào)告,可在室溫下進(jìn)行檢定。7.3.2.2配對(duì)溫度傳感器配對(duì)溫度傳感器的每個(gè)溫度傳感器,應(yīng)在同一個(gè)恒溫槽內(nèi),在下列的每個(gè)溫度范圍內(nèi)選一溫度點(diǎn)進(jìn)行檢定。1)θmin~(θmin+10℃)(當(dāng)θmin<20℃時(shí))或(35~45)℃(當(dāng)θmin≥20℃時(shí))2)(45~55)℃(常溫型)或(75~85)℃(高溫型)3)(θmax-5℃)~θmax配對(duì)溫度傳感器的兩個(gè)溫度傳感器,應(yīng)在溫度不同的兩個(gè)恒溫槽內(nèi),在下列的每個(gè)溫差范圍內(nèi)選一溫差點(diǎn)進(jìn)行檢定。1)Δθmin≤Δθ≤1.2Δθmin2)10℃≤Δθ≤20℃3)(Δθmax-5℃)≤Δθ≤Δθmax注:1做溫差試驗(yàn)時(shí),高溫端溫度應(yīng)在(θmax-5℃)~θmax范圍內(nèi)。2Δθmin一般為3℃。7.3.2.3計(jì)算器計(jì)算器必須在表6中給定的模擬溫度及溫差下檢定。7.3.3計(jì)算公式7.3.3.1熱量相對(duì)誤差Ei與EQ計(jì)算公式:Ei×100%(3)式中:Qdi,Q式中:Qdi,Qci———分別表示第i點(diǎn)指示值與約定真值。8表6℃1θmin≤θd≤θmin+5Δθmin,5,20,Δθref2θd=θref±5Δθmin,5,203θmax-5≤θe≤θmax20,Δθref,Δθmax-5注:1θd為出口溫度;θe為入口溫度。θrefΔθref2模擬流量信號(hào)應(yīng)不超過(guò)計(jì)算器可接收的最大值。7.3.3.2重復(fù)性Er計(jì)算公式:Ej×100%(5)式中:Vdj和Vcj———j次(j=1,2,3)檢定的體積Emax=Ejmax(6)Emin=Ejmin(7)7.3.4外觀檢查Er=Emax-Emin7.3.4外觀檢查用目測(cè)法檢查熱能表的外觀,并查驗(yàn)相關(guān)資料是否齊全,其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合第6條的規(guī)7.3.5運(yùn)行檢查將熱能表安裝在熱量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置上,通水幾分鐘后,目測(cè)法檢查;然后切斷水流,再目測(cè)檢查。其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合6.4的有關(guān)規(guī)定。7.3.6密封性試驗(yàn)將熱能表安裝在熱量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置上,通溫度為(60±10)℃的熱水5min以上,同時(shí)將壓力調(diào)節(jié)為該裝置的公稱壓力,然后關(guān)閉出水閥,10min后用目測(cè)法檢查。其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.1條的有關(guān)要求。7.3.7熱能表的總量檢定7.3.7.1檢定時(shí)載熱液體的溫度、進(jìn)口與出口溫差與流量點(diǎn)按7.3.1要求。7.3.7.2檢定次數(shù)一般為1次。如果第一次的E大于最大允許誤差,允許再補(bǔ)做2次,但后面2次的E均不應(yīng)超過(guò)最大允許誤差。以3次試驗(yàn)的算術(shù)平均值做為熱能表的示值。7.3.7.3當(dāng)選用質(zhì)量法流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置時(shí),將熱能表安裝到質(zhì)量法熱量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置上,通水使其平衡地運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間。JJG225—200197.3.7.4用流量調(diào)節(jié)閥將流量調(diào)到第i個(gè)點(diǎn),并將載熱液體的溫度調(diào)到檢定溫度值,通過(guò)恒溫槽,將溫差調(diào)到規(guī)定值,穩(wěn)定10min,秤出m0i,m1i;記錄熱能表的讀數(shù)Q0i,Q1i,水溫與室溫。7.3.7.5實(shí)際熱量Qci和熱能表顯示熱量Qdi分別按式(9)和式(10)計(jì)算。Qci=(m1i-m0i)×(h1i-h0i)(9)式中:h1i,h0i———分別表示載熱液體在高溫恒溫槽的溫度下的比焓值與設(shè)定的低溫恒溫槽的溫度下的比焓值。Qdi=Q1i-Q0i(10)7.3.7.6熱能表第i檢定點(diǎn)的示值誤差Ei按式(3)計(jì)算。7.3.7.7重復(fù)7.3.7.4至7.3.7.6,將流量、溫度、溫差調(diào)到其他點(diǎn),完成全部檢定。7.3.7.8熱能表的示值誤差E按式(4)計(jì)算,其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.2的要求。7.3.8熱能表的分量檢定(以質(zhì)量法流量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置為例)7.3.8.1流量傳感器1)檢定時(shí)水溫與流量點(diǎn)按7.3.2.1的規(guī)定。2)每個(gè)流量點(diǎn)一般檢定1次,如果第一次的E大于最大允許誤差,允許再補(bǔ)做2次,但后面2次的E均不應(yīng)超過(guò)最大允許誤差。以3次試驗(yàn)的算術(shù)平均值做為流量傳感器的示值。3)將流量傳感器安裝到裝置上,通水使其平衡地運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間。4)用流量調(diào)節(jié)閥將流量調(diào)到第i個(gè)流量點(diǎn),并將水溫調(diào)到檢定溫度范圍,穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行10min,記錄流量傳感器初始值V0i和秤初始值m0i;起動(dòng)換向器,切換水流,使水流注入稱量容器。當(dāng)秤的示值達(dá)到預(yù)先規(guī)定的值時(shí),切換水流,記錄流量傳感器的終止值V1i、水溫T1i與室溫,待容器內(nèi)水面波動(dòng)穩(wěn)定后,記錄秤終止值m1i。5)計(jì)算流過(guò)流量傳感器的體積量Vci:Vci·Cfi(11)Mi=m1i-m0i(12)Cfi(13)式中:Mi—第i檢定點(diǎn)檢定時(shí)載熱液體的質(zhì)量,kg;ρi—第i檢定點(diǎn)檢定時(shí)載熱液體的密度,kg/m3(可查表);Cfi—第i檢定點(diǎn)檢定時(shí)的浮力修正系數(shù);—所用砝碼的密度,kg/m3;ρa(bǔ)—空氣密度,kg/m3。6)流量傳感器各流量點(diǎn)示值誤差按式(14)計(jì)算。Ei×100%(14)Vdi=V1i-V0i(15)JJG225—2001107)重復(fù)步驟第4),調(diào)節(jié)流量,直到完成全部流量點(diǎn)檢定。8)流量傳感器的示值誤差按式(16)計(jì)算,其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.2的要求。9)流量傳感器的示值重復(fù)性按式m8)計(jì)算,其結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.4的要6)7.3.8.2溫度傳感器1)檢定點(diǎn)根據(jù)7.3.2.2的要求選取。2)檢定時(shí)溫度傳感器應(yīng)插入恒溫水槽或油槽的工作區(qū)域內(nèi),浸沒(méi)深度為300mm,穩(wěn)定15min。檢定前后水槽或油槽內(nèi)溫度變化不應(yīng)超過(guò)0.1℃。3)對(duì)單支傳感器的檢定是在同一恒溫槽內(nèi)進(jìn)行,將恒溫槽的溫度控制在檢定點(diǎn)溫度,每個(gè)點(diǎn)至少讀兩個(gè)循環(huán),每個(gè)讀數(shù)循環(huán)為:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì)→傳感器1→傳感器2→標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì);對(duì)配對(duì)溫度傳感器溫差的檢定是在兩臺(tái)恒溫槽內(nèi)進(jìn)行,按溫差檢定點(diǎn)的要求控制其溫度,每個(gè)溫差點(diǎn)至少讀兩個(gè)過(guò)程,每個(gè)讀數(shù)過(guò)程為:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì)1→傳感器1→標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉑電阻溫度計(jì)2→傳感器2。4)誤差計(jì)算方法,對(duì)單支溫度傳感器的檢定,取被檢傳感器顯示溫度的算術(shù)平均值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器對(duì)應(yīng)溫度值的算術(shù)平均值之差作為傳感器的誤差;對(duì)配對(duì)溫度傳感器溫差的檢定,取兩次被檢傳感器顯示溫度之差的算術(shù)平均值與兩次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器對(duì)應(yīng)溫度差的算術(shù)平均值之差作為配對(duì)溫度傳感器溫差的誤差。5)單支溫度傳感器和配對(duì)溫度傳感器的誤差應(yīng)符合表2的要求。7.3.8.3計(jì)算器采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)脈沖發(fā)生器和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電阻箱提供模擬流量和溫度信號(hào)。檢定點(diǎn)按表6進(jìn)行設(shè)置,每個(gè)檢定點(diǎn)至少檢定兩次。計(jì)算器的示值誤差E按式(3)及式(4)計(jì)算,其中Qci為理論計(jì)算值。檢定結(jié)果應(yīng)符合5.2.2表2中EG的要求。7.3.9重復(fù)性檢定7.3.9.1流量點(diǎn)選擇與測(cè)量次數(shù)選擇qp流量點(diǎn),在(50±5)℃下重復(fù)測(cè)量3次。7.3.9.2按公式(8)計(jì)算其重復(fù)性Er。7.4檢定結(jié)果的處理經(jīng)檢定,符合本規(guī)程要求的熱能表,簽發(fā)檢定證書;不合格的熱能表,簽發(fā)檢定結(jié)果通知書,并注明不合格項(xiàng)目。7.5檢定周期熱能表的檢定周期一般不得超過(guò)3年。JJG225—200111附錄A定型鑒定及樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)定型鑒定項(xiàng)目除按照首次檢定的要求進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)(參見(jiàn)規(guī)程正文第7.2條)之外,還應(yīng)對(duì)本附錄所規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。A.1試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目本附錄所涉及的全部試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目列于表A.1。表A.1熱能表及其組件的試驗(yàn)程序序號(hào)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目溫度傳感器流量傳感器計(jì)算器1示值誤差√√√2耐久性√3干熱試驗(yàn)√√☆√4低溫儲(chǔ)存√√☆√5低溫試驗(yàn)√6濕熱儲(chǔ)存√√☆√7電源電壓變化√√8電源頻率變化√√9電源中斷√☆√10電快速瞬變√☆

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11電浪涌√☆

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12電磁場(chǎng)√☆

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13靜電放電√☆√14靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)√√15工頻電磁場(chǎng)√☆√16耐壓強(qiáng)度√17壓損試驗(yàn)√√—應(yīng)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn);☆—只適用于帶有電子設(shè)備的流量傳感器;

—試驗(yàn)應(yīng)在電纜已經(jīng)連接好的情況下進(jìn)行。A.2示值誤差應(yīng)該在水溫為室溫、(50±5)℃、(85±5)℃及規(guī)定的流量下進(jìn)行,流量點(diǎn)選擇應(yīng)按下列要求:qi≤q≤1.1qiJJG225—2001120.1qp≤q≤0.11qp0.3qp≤q≤0.31qp0.9qp≤q≤1.0qp0.9qs≤q≤1.0qs在干熱試驗(yàn)、低溫儲(chǔ)存和濕熱儲(chǔ)存實(shí)驗(yàn)全部完成后,應(yīng)抽查示值誤差試驗(yàn),抽查實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)在(50±5)℃以及至少包含下列2個(gè)流量點(diǎn)的條件下進(jìn)行。0.1qp≤q≤0.11qp0.9qp≤q≤1.0qpA.3耐久性試驗(yàn)用加速磨損試驗(yàn)來(lái)確定熱能表的耐久性。A.3.1流量傳感器在流量為qs,并處于流量傳感器需要承受的載熱流體的溫度上限時(shí),試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間應(yīng)為300h。在耐久性試驗(yàn)之后,應(yīng)該在(50±5)℃及按規(guī)程正文7.3.2.1所規(guī)定的流量下進(jìn)行示值誤差試驗(yàn),結(jié)果應(yīng)符合規(guī)程正文5.2的要求(如果θmax<50℃,則在(θmax-5℃)~θmax的溫度范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行)。A.3.2溫度傳感器溫度傳感器應(yīng)緩慢(1min至3min)插入已達(dá)上限溫度的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中,并在該溫度下保持足夠的時(shí)間,以達(dá)到熱平衡。緩慢(1min至3min)從上限溫度的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中取出,在室溫停留一段時(shí)間,然后再將溫度傳感器緩慢(1min至3min)插入已達(dá)下限溫度的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中,并在該溫度下保持足夠的時(shí)間,以達(dá)到熱平衡。最后緩慢(1min至3min)從下限溫度的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置中取出。這一過(guò)程應(yīng)重復(fù)10次。在溫度循環(huán)之后,作為一個(gè)組件的溫度傳感器的電阻應(yīng)在以下條件下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。傳感器金屬殼和連在傳感器上的每個(gè)導(dǎo)體間的絕緣阻抗應(yīng)在參考條件下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),使用的試驗(yàn)電壓不超過(guò)直流100V。電壓的極性應(yīng)顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。被測(cè)電阻不應(yīng)少于100MΩ。測(cè)量應(yīng)在傳感器處于最高溫度時(shí)進(jìn)行。傳感器的金屬殼與連接到傳感器上每一個(gè)導(dǎo)體間的電阻,測(cè)試電壓不應(yīng)超過(guò)直流10V。電壓的極性應(yīng)顛倒過(guò)來(lái)。測(cè)量的電阻任何時(shí)候都不能少于10MΩ。A.4干熱試驗(yàn)參照GB2423.2—1989《電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗(yàn):高溫》執(zhí)行。溫度(55±2)℃;時(shí)間2h;在加熱和冷卻過(guò)程中,溫度的變化率不應(yīng)超過(guò)1℃/min;試驗(yàn)大氣的相對(duì)濕度不應(yīng)超過(guò)20%。經(jīng)過(guò)干熱試驗(yàn)后,熱能表或其組件的外觀應(yīng)無(wú)明顯變化。在加熱到(55±2)℃并達(dá)到溫度穩(wěn)定之后,應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)算器做示值誤差試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)條件如下:模擬的出口溫度為θmin和θref;模擬的流量應(yīng)不超過(guò)計(jì)算器可接收的最大值;模擬的溫差為Δθmin和Δθref。JJG225—200113試驗(yàn)結(jié)果應(yīng)符合規(guī)程正文中第5.2.2條表2中EG的要求。A.5低溫儲(chǔ)存參照GB2423.1—1989《電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗(yàn):低溫》執(zhí)行。A級(jí)環(huán)境:溫度(-15±3)℃,時(shí)間2hB級(jí)環(huán)境:溫度(-30±3)℃,時(shí)間2h低溫儲(chǔ)存試驗(yàn)后,熱能表或其組件的外觀應(yīng)無(wú)明顯變化。A.6低溫試驗(yàn)A級(jí)環(huán)境:溫度(-5±3)℃,時(shí)間2hB級(jí)環(huán)境:溫度(-25±3)℃,時(shí)間2h在冷卻和加熱過(guò)程中,溫度的變化率不應(yīng)超過(guò)1℃/min。在冷卻到預(yù)定溫度并達(dá)到溫度穩(wěn)定之后,應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)算器做示值誤差試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)條件如下:模擬的出口溫度為θmin和θref;模擬的流量應(yīng)不超過(guò)計(jì)算器可接收的最大值;模擬的溫差為Δθmin和Δθref。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果應(yīng)符合規(guī)程正文中第5.2.2條表2中EG的要求。A.7濕熱循環(huán)參照GB/T2423.4—1993《電工電子產(chǎn)品基本環(huán)境試驗(yàn):交變濕熱》執(zhí)行。表A.2濕熱循環(huán)環(huán)境等級(jí)AB溫度下限/℃25±325±3溫度上限/℃40±255±2相對(duì)濕度≥93%≥93%周期循環(huán)12h+12h12h+12h循環(huán)次數(shù)22濕熱循環(huán)試驗(yàn)后,熱能表或其組件的外觀應(yīng)無(wú)明顯變化。A.8電源電壓變化交流供電的熱能表或其組件在電源電壓187~242V條件下應(yīng)能正常工作。A.9電源頻率變化交流供電的熱能表或其組件在電源頻率47.5~52.5Hz條件下應(yīng)能正常工作。A.10電源中斷本條只適用于電網(wǎng)供電的熱能表。參照GB/T17626.11—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。中斷時(shí)間不得少于50ms,連續(xù)兩次中斷之間的時(shí)間間隔應(yīng)為(10±1)s。電壓中斷應(yīng)重復(fù)10次。JJG225—200114熱能表在電源中斷試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能正常工作。A.11電快速瞬變(脈沖串)參照GB/T17626.4—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。對(duì)于信號(hào)線和直流電源線,試驗(yàn)電壓(1±10%)×1.0kV。如果信號(hào)線或直流電源線的長(zhǎng)度小于1.2m,可以免做此項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)。對(duì)于交流電源線,試驗(yàn)電壓(1±10%)×2.0kV熱能表在電快速瞬變?cè)囼?yàn)后仍能正常工作。A.12電浪涌參照GB/T17626.5—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。對(duì)于信號(hào)線和直流電源線,試驗(yàn)電壓0.5kV。如果信號(hào)線或直流電源線的長(zhǎng)度小于10m,可以免做此項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)。對(duì)于交流電源線:試驗(yàn)電壓(共模方式):(1±10%)×2.0kV試驗(yàn)電壓(差模方式):(1±10%)×1.0kV熱能表在電浪涌試驗(yàn)后應(yīng)能正常工作。A.13電磁場(chǎng)參照GB/T17626.3—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。頻率范圍:26MHz~1000MHz;3V/m熱能表在電磁場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能正常工作。A.14靜電放電參照GB/T17626.2—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。放電電壓:空氣放電8kV或接觸放電4kV。熱能表在靜電放電試驗(yàn)后應(yīng)能正常工作。A.15靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中,一個(gè)具有100kA/m電磁力的永久磁鐵應(yīng)在流量傳感器、計(jì)算器外殼和熱能表的讀數(shù)裝置上的幾個(gè)位置與之相接觸。在熱能表的外殼,在靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)會(huì)影響熱能表正常運(yùn)行的位置上應(yīng)標(biāo)明做過(guò)試驗(yàn)與否、誤差、熱能表類型、結(jié)構(gòu)和(或)重要的歷史記錄。無(wú)論磁鐵放置在上述的任何位置,熱能表的示值都能讀出。試驗(yàn)的持續(xù)時(shí)間應(yīng)足夠長(zhǎng),以使熱能表的誤差可以確定。熱能表在靜態(tài)磁場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能正常工作。A.16工頻電磁場(chǎng)參照GB/T17626.8—1998《電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測(cè)量技術(shù)》執(zhí)行。磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度60A/m。熱能表在工頻電磁場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能正常工作。A.17耐壓強(qiáng)度流量傳感器應(yīng)在無(wú)溢漏或危害的情況下承受下列兩種情況之一:(1)在比溫度上限低(10±5)℃的水溫下開始試驗(yàn),水壓為1.6MPa或1.6倍于最JJG225—200115大工作壓力。(2)在比溫度上限高5℃的溫度下,水壓等于最大工作壓力。試驗(yàn)的持續(xù)時(shí)間應(yīng)為15min。A.18壓損試驗(yàn)在流量為qp、溫度為(50±5)℃時(shí),最大的壓力降Δp不應(yīng)超過(guò)25kPa。16附錄B水的焓值和密度表當(dāng)p=0.60000MPa時(shí),水的焓值密B.1。溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)11000.24.784151987.80214.03101957.86423.7621000.28.996352987.33218.21102957.14427.9731000.213.20653986.87222.39103956.41432.1941000.217.41254986.39226.57104955.67436.4151000.221.61655985.91230.75105954.93440.6361000.225.81856985.42234.94106954.19444.8571000.130.01857984.93239.12107953.44449.0781000.134.21558984.43243.30108952.69453.3091000.038.41159983.93247.48109951.93457.5210999.9442.60560983.41251.67110951.17461.7511999.8446.79861982.90255.85111950.40465.9812999.7450.98962982.37260.04112949.63470.2013999.6155.17863981.84264.22113948.86474.4414999.4859.36764981.31268.41114948.08478.6715999.3463.55465980.77272.59115947.29482.9016999.1867.74066980.22276.78116946.51487.1417999.0171.92667979.67280.97117945.71491.3718998.8376.11068979.12285.15118944.92495.6119998.6480.29469978.55289.34119944.11499.8520998.4484.47670977.98293.53120943.31504.0921998.2288.65971977.41297.72121942.50508.3422998.0092.84072976.83301.91122941.68512.5823997.7797.02173976.25306.10123940.86516.8324997.52101.2074975.66310.29124940.04521.0825997.27105.3875975.06314.48125939.21525.3326997.01109.5676974.46318.68126938.38529.5827996.74113.7477973.86322.87127937.54533.8328996.46117.9278973.25327.06128936.70538.0929996.17122.1079972.63331.26129935.86542.3530995.87126.2880972.01335.45130935.01546.6131995.56130.4681971.39339.65131934.15550.8732995.25134.6382970.76343.85132933.29555.1333994.93138.8183970.12348.04133932.43559.4034994.59142.9984969.48352.24134931.56563.6735994.25147.1785968.84356.44135930.69567.9336993.91151.3586968.19360.64136929.81572.2137993.55155.5287967.53364.84137928.93576.4838993.19159.7088966.87369.04138928.05580.7639992.81163.8889966.21373.25139927.16585.0440992.44168.0690965.54377.45140926.26589.3241992.05172.2491964.86381.65141925.37593.6042991.65176.4192964.18385.86142924.46597.8843991.25180.5993963.50390.07143923.56602.1744990.85184.7794962.81394.27144922.64606.4645990.43188.9595962.12398.48145921.73610.7646990.01193.1396961.42402.69146920.81615.0547989.58197.3197960.72406.90147919.88619.3548989.14201.4998960.01411.11148918.95623.6549988.70205.6799959.30415.33149918.02627.9550988.25209.85100958.58419.54150917.08632.2617當(dāng)p=1.60000MPa時(shí),水的焓值和密度見(jiàn)表B.2。表B.2溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)溫度/℃密度/(kg·m-3)焓/(kJ·kg-1)11000.75.796451988.23214.89101958.33424.5121000.710.004052987.77219.07102957.61428.7231000.714.209053987.30223.25103956.88432.9341000.718.411054986.83227.42104956.15437.1551000.722.611055985.35231.60105955.41441.3761000.726.808056985.86235.78106954.67445.5971000.631.004057985.37239.96107953.92449.8181000.635.197058984.87244.14108953.17454.0391000.539.389059984.36248.33109952.41458.25101000.443.579060983.85252.51110951.65462.48111000.347.768061983.33256.69111950.89466.70121000.251.956062982.81260.87112950.12470.93131000.156.142063982.28265.05113949.34475.1614999.9560.327064981.75269.24114948.57479.3915999.8064.511065981.21273.42115947.78483.6216999.6468.693066980.66277.61116947.00487.8517999.4772.875067980.11281.79117946.21492.0818999.2977.057068979.55285.98118945.41496.3219999.1081.237069978.99290.16119944.61500.5620998.8985.417070978.43294.35120943.81504.8021998.6889.596071977.85298.54121943.00509.0422998.4593.774072977.27302.72122942.19513.2823998.2297.952073976.69306.91123941.37517.5224997.98102.13074976.10311.10124940.55521.7725997.72106.31075975.51315.29125939.72526.0226997.46110.48076974.91319.48126938.89530.2727997.19114.66077974.30323.67127938.06534.5228996.91118.84078973.70327.86128937.22538.7729996.62123.01079973.08332.06129936.37543.0330996.32127.19080972.46336.25130935.52547.2831996.01131.36081971.84340.44131934.67551.5432995.69135.54082971.76344.64132933.82555.8033995.37139.72083970.21348.83133932.95560.0734995.04143.89084969.93353.03134932.09564.3335994.69148.07085969.29357.23135931.22568.6036994.35152.24086968.64361.42136930.35572.8737993.99156.42087967.99365.62137929.47577.1438993.62160.59088967.33369.82138928.58581.4139993.25164.77089966.66374.02139927.70585.6940992.87168.94090965.99378.22140926.81589.9641992.49173.12091965.32382.43141925.91594.2442992.09177.30092964.64386.63142925.01598.5343991.69181.47093963.96390.83143924.10602.8144991.28185.65094963.27395.04144923.19607.1045990.87189.82095962.58399.24145922.28611.3946990.44194.00096961.88403.45146921.36615.6847990.02198.18097961.18407.66147920.44619.9748989.58202.36098960.48411.87148919.51624.2749989.14206.53099959.77416.08149918.58628.5750988.69210.710100955.55420.29150917.65632.87JJG225—200118附錄C[壓力p=0.6MPa,單位kW·h/(m3·℃)]出口溫度/℃進(jìn)口溫度/℃949392919089888786858483951.1251.1261.1271.1271.1281.1291.1291.1301.1311.1311.1321.132941.1261.1271.1271.1281.1281.1291.1301.1301.1311.1321.132931.1261.1271.1281.1281.1291.1301.1301.1311.1321.132921.1271.1281.1281.1291.1301.1301.1311.1311.132911.1271.1281.1291.1291.1301.1311.1311.132901.1281.1291.1291.1301.1311.1311.132891.1281.1291.1301.1301.1311.132881.1291.1301.1301.1311.132871.1301.1301.1311.131861.1301.1311.131851.1311.131841.1318382818079787776757473727170696867666564636261605958575655545352515019表(續(xù))出口溫度/℃進(jìn)口溫度/℃828180797877767574737271951.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.1381.1391.1391.140941.1331.1341.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.1381.1391.140931.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.1381.1391.139921.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1361.1371.1381.1381.1391.139911.1331.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.1381.1391.139901.1321.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.1381.1391.139891.1321.1331.1341.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.1381.139881.1321.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.1381.139871.1321.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1361.1371.1381.1381.139861.1321.1331.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1381.1381.139851.1321.1331.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.1381.139841.1321.1321.1331.1341.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.138831.1321.1321.1331.1341.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.138821.1321.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.1381.138811.1331.1331.1341.1351.1351.1361.1361.1371.1381.138801.1331.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1381.138791.1341.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.138781.1341.1351.1361.1361.1371.1371.138771.1351.1351.1361.1371.1371.138761.1351.1361.1371.1371.138751.1361.1361.1371.138741.1361.1371.138731.1371.137721.1377170696867666564636261605958575655545352515020表(續(xù))出口溫度/℃進(jìn)口溫度/℃706968676665646362616059951.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.1461.146941.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.1461.146931.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.1461.146921.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.146911.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.146901.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.146891.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1441.1441.1451.1451.146881.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.146871.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.145861.1391.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.145851.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.1451.145841.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1441.1441.1451.145831.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1451.145821.1391.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.145811.1391.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.145801.1391.1391.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.145791.1391.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.145781.1381.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.1441.145771.1381.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.145761.1381.1391.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.144751.1381.1391.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.144741.1381.1391.1391.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.144731.1381.1391.1391.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.1441.144721.1381.1391.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.1441.144711.1381.1381.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1441.144701.1381.1391.1401.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.144691.1391.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.144681.1391.1401.1411.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.144671.1401.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.144661.1401.1411.1421.1421.1431.1431.144651.1411.1411.1421.1431.1431.144641.1411.1421.1431.1431.144631.1421.1421.1431.144621.1421.1431.143611.1431.143601.1435958575655545352515021表(續(xù))出口溫度/℃進(jìn)口溫度/℃585756555453525150494847951.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.152941.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1501.1511.1511.152931.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1501.1511.1511.152921.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.1511.152911.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.1511.152901.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.1511.152891.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.1511.151881.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1501.1511.151871.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.151861.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.151851.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.151841.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1511.151831.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.1501.151821.1451.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151811.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151801.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151791.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151781.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151771.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.1501.151761.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150751.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150741.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150731.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150721.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150711.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1501.150701.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.1491.150691.1441.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1481.1491.1491.150681.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150671.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150661.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150651.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150641.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150631.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.150621.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.1491.149611.1441.1441.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1481.1491.149601.1441.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149591.1441.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149581.1441.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149571.1451.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149561.1451.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149551.1461.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149541.1461.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149531.1471.1471.1481.1481.1491.149521.1471.1481.1481.1491.149511.1471.1481.1481.149501.1481.1481.14922表(續(xù))出口溫度/℃進(jìn)口溫度/℃464544434241403938373635951.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.1561.1561.157941.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1561.1561.1561.157931.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1561.1561.1561.157921.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.1561.157911.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.1561.156901.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1561.1561.156891.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1561.1561.156881.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.156871.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.156861.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.1561.156851.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1561.156841.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.156831.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.156821.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.156811.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.1551.156801.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.156791.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.1551.155781.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.155771.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.155761.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.1551.155751.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.155741.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.155731.1511.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.1551.155721.1511.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.155711.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.155701.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.1551.155691.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.155681.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.155671.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.155661.1501.1511.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.1541.155651.1501.1511.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.155641.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.155631.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.155621.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1531.1531.1531.1541.1541.154611.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.154601.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.154591.1501.1501.1511.1511.1521.1521.1521.1531.1531.1541.1541.154581.1501.1501.1511.1511.1511.1521.1