一例結(jié)核性胸膜炎病例討論

RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesUnit5GrammarRevisionofUnit5Grammar11.Istillremembersomepeopleandthings

thatwererelatedtoMissbrown.2.Ican’tremembereverythingthathappenedduringthetimeinuniversity.3.Theexamisgettingnear.Wehavelittletime

thatwecanmakeuseof.4.Whoisthegirlthatyoureferredinyourdiary?5.Youarethefirstperson

thatIwillthinkofintroubleHaveALk1.Istillremembersomepeople26.HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseenwhocanjumpsohigh.7.Itishightimethatwestartedtogohome.ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveleftmymotherland.6.HeisthestudentthatIhav3【結(jié)論1】指物時，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：①當先行詞為everything,anything,nothing,theone,none,all,much,few,any,little等不定代詞時，只用that。②當先行詞被theonly,thevery,all,much,few,any,little,no修飾時，只用that。③當先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時，只用that。先行詞既有人又有物時，只用that。④當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時，為避免重復要用that?！窘Y(jié)論1】指物時，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：4Dearfriends,I’mverygladtohavethechancetospeaktosomuchclassmateshereatpresent.TodayI’dliketotalkabouthowmiddleschoolstudentsshoulddealtheirpocketmoneyproperly.Whichisknowntoall,mostparentsgivetheirchildrenthepocketmoney.Butitisnogoodspendingthemonwhateverweliked.Inmyopinion,wecanspendsomeonbooks,forwhichwecangainalotofknowledgeandpleasure.Ifwehaveanyhobbies,wecanusesomepocketmoneytodevelopourinterestsinthem.Ontheotherhand,ifpossibly,we’dbetterputtingsomeinthebank.Itwillhelpusdevelopthehabitsofsaving.Don’tyouthinkso?Ihopeyouwillgivemeyouropinionsaboutit.Thankyou.Dearfriends,5情況例句當先行詞本身就是that時；引導非限制定語從句時；直接放在介詞后面作定從賓語時。which情況例句當先行詞本身就是that時；which6Practice:1.Iknowthereason___hecamelate.2.Doyouknowthewoman,_____sonwenttocollegelastyear?3.Thehouse_____colorisredisJohn’s.4.Thisisthebestfilm____I’veeverseen.5.That’sthetown_____heworkedin1987.6.Ihave2brothers,____

arebothsoldiers.7.Nextweek,_____you’llspendinyourhometown,iscoming.8.I’vetried2pairsofshoes,neitherof_____

fitsme

well.whywhosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichPractice:whywhosewhosethatwher79.Thosewho____togotothecinemamustbeattheschoolgateby3:30p.m.(want)10.Hewho___________thegreatwallisnotatrueman.(notreach)11.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho___beentoBeijing.(have)12.Heisoneoftheboyswho____seenthefilm.(have)13.Thetime________Iwentto

Tokyoisin1982.14.Theshop__________Iboughtthe

bookinisbig.wantdoesn’treachhashavewhen/thatwhich/that9.Thosewho____togotothe815.Tellmethereason____youwerelateforclass.16.Whoisthegirl_____isspeakingthere?17.ThisisMr.Smith,____hassomethinginterestingtotellyou.18.Thecomputer______CPUdoesn’tworkhastoberepaired.19.Theoldmanhas4sons,threeof____aredoctors.whythatwhowhosewhom15.Tellmethereason____you91.定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

Revision1.定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從Revision10

關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A.引導定語從句B.代替先行詞C.在定語從句中擔當一個成分

11【完成例句】(1)所有能做的都做了。

Allthatcanbedone

hasbeendone.(2)這是我第三次看這場電影。ItisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenthemovie.

(7)他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方是大本鐘。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.(8)站在那兒的是誰？

Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?【完成例句】12一例結(jié)核性胸膜炎病例討論13【完成例句】(1)我，你的好朋友，當你陷入困境的時候會幫你的。

I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble.(2)

《哈利·波特》是最受青少年歡迎的暢銷書之一。

HarryPotterisoneofthebest－sellersthatarepopularwithteenagers.

(3)

《哈利·波特》是唯一一本讓作者成為億萬富翁的暢銷書。

HarryPotteristheonlyoneofthebest－sellersthatmakestheauthorabillionaire.【完成例句】14(3)他通過了考試，這使我們很驚訝。

Hehaspassedtheexam,whichconfusesus.

眾所周知，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.(4)每家有臺電視,30年前我們認為是不可能的，現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)了。

ToownaTVsetineachfamily,whichwethinkwasimpossible30yearsago,nowhasbecometrue.

(3)他通過了考試，這使我們很驚訝。15【結(jié)論2】定語從句中的主謂一致問題(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。(2)oneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋復數(shù)謂語動詞；而theonlyoneof＋復數(shù)名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋單數(shù)謂語動詞。(3)非限制性定語從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個主句時，從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語動詞之間有插入語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。

【結(jié)論2】定語從句中的主謂一致問題16【完成例句】(1)那棵四百年的老樹很有名。Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)這本書是關(guān)于我們要去參觀的那座有名的建筑嗎？Isthisthebookthatreferstothefamousbuildingwhichwewillgotovisit?【完成例句】17【結(jié)論3】只能用which的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句時，只能用which。②介詞后只用which，且不能省略。③有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個宜用which。【結(jié)論3】只能用which的情況：18限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句譯法上

譯成先行詞的定語：“……的”通常譯成主句的并列句關(guān)系詞的使用上

1.作賓語時可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制19限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號“，”與主句隔開用逗號“，”與主句隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式上不用逗號“，20非限制性定語從句的用法非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,去掉了也不會影響主句意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。引導“非限定”的關(guān)系詞有：1.指人時：2.指物時：

which

（可指某個詞也可指整個主句，從句只能位于主句之后）

as

（表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后）3.指地點時：4.指時間時：5.指原因時：who,whom,whosewhich,aswhere=相應(yīng)介詞+whichwhen=相應(yīng)介詞+whichforwhich（切不可用why）非限制性定語從句的用法非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明,211.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMr.Black,with______shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,______costmealot.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_______hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.8.Themanager’sdaughter,_______nameisAnn,gavemeapatientsmile.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhichwhose1.Thefamousbasketballstar,22Otherexamples:1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allof______arequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someof_______arenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof_______comefromUS.▲在ofwhich/whom

之前可以使用表達數(shù)量或定位的數(shù)詞或代詞whichwhomwhomOtherexamples:1.Iamdoingd23“非限定”使用須知1.從句中所有的關(guān)系詞都不可省略2.從句通常不能用that引導3.在“非限定”中,指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時,只能用賓格whom,不能用who替換,也不能省略。4.從句不能用why引導,要用forwhich

代替why5.從句置于句首時,不能用which引導;而要用關(guān)系代詞as

引導(as可放主句前,也可放主句后)要點歸納要點歸納241.從句也要符合句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2.從句只是做為句子某一成分出現(xiàn)的3.從句的關(guān)系詞是從句開始的標志從句的特點1.從句也要符合句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2.從句只是做為句子某一成25解題方法：還原法

即把先行詞還原回到定語從句中，觀察先行詞在定語從句中做什么成分.一找二查三選：定語從句和先行詞：先行詞在定語從句中充當什么成分即定語從句中的動詞和先行詞的搭配：適合的關(guān)系詞解題方法：還原法一找：定語從句和先行詞：先行詞在定語從句26Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略。Teacherswhoarekindarepopu27非限制性定語從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that非限制性定語從句和單句的比較1.Hefailedin28二、非限制性定語從句不能用why引導要用forwhich代替why。1.我已經(jīng)把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.2.我告訴了他們我不去開會的理由。IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.(限制性定語從句“thereasonwhy...”是常見搭配。)要點歸納二、非限制性定語從句不能用why引導要點歸納29三、非限制性定語從句置于句首時，不能用which引導。關(guān)系代詞as引導非限制性定語從句位置比較靈活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.正如我所預料的，他不相信我。2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.她聽到一個可怕的聲音，這讓她把心都提到嗓子眼了。三、非限制性定語從句置于句首時，不能用which引導。關(guān)系30四、非限制性定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導時，其中的關(guān)系代詞不能用as。1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.他花兩萬多美元買了這輛車，他父親對此很生氣。2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.我提前干完了我的活，隨后我坐著看了會兒報紙。四、非限制性定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導時，其中的關(guān)系31五、

在非限制性定語從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用賓格whom;不能用who替換，也不能省略。1.DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?你認識湯姆嗎?我們談到過他。2.Thisbook,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.這本書會給你提供所有你需要的資料，它在任何一家書店都能買到。

(非限制性定語從句中引導詞在從句中作賓語，無論指人還是指物都不能省略。)五、在非限制性定語從句中，指人的關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，只能用賓32六、Which可指前面整個句子。Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.太陽發(fā)出光和熱，這使得生物能夠在地球上生存。Hisfatherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.A.forwhat

B.which

C.that

D.what六、Which可指前面整個句子。33FunctionpracticeSuggestedanswerstoEx3onPage41.

1.Peterdancedandsangallevening.PeopleusedtothinkPeterwasquiet.

Peter,whompeopleusedtothinkwasquiet,dancedandsangallevening.2.Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday.Shehadpainteditespeciallyforme.

Sharongavemeapictureformybirthday,whichshehadpaintedespeciallyforme.FunctionpracticeSuggested343.Wepickedalltheapplesandputtheminboxes.Theywillbetransportedabroad.Wepickedalltheapples,whichwillbetransportedabroad,andputtheminboxes.4.ThebookbySamWaterswasnotavailable.Sheaskedforit.

ThebookwhichsheaskedforbySamWaterswasnotavailable.5.Thevisa(簽證)hasnotarrivedyet.IneedthevisatoentertheUS.

ThevisawhichIneedtoentertheUShasnotarrivedyet.3.Wepickedalltheapplesan356.Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning.Thentherewasaheavyfog.

Thetwotrafficaccidentshappenedonthesamemorning,whentherewasaheavyfog.7.TangLingvolunteeredtohelpthewelfarehouse.Theresheteachesthehomelesschildren.

TangLingvolunteeredtohelpthewelfarehouse,wheresheteachesthehomelesschildren.6.Thetwotrafficaccidentsh368.AnneisgoingtoAmericanextyear.Herdaughterisinmyclass.

AnnewhosedaughterisinmyclassisgoingtoAmericanextyear.9.Hewentonthebustourwithagroupofpeople.Mostofthemhadnevertraveledbefore.

Hewentonthebustourwithagroupofpeople,mostofwhomhadnevertraveledbefore.8.AnneisgoingtoAmericane371.YesterdayMr.Lifinallyboughthisownhouse,_______isahospital.A.inwhereB.totheeastofwhichC.totheeastofitD.intheeastofthat2.Mybrother'spurse,_______heput￥1,000,wasmissingonthebus.A.thereB.whichC.inwhichD.that課堂練兵1.YesterdayMr.Lifinallybo383.Hisglasses,_______hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.A.whichB.withoutwhichC.withwhichD.withoutthose4.Thecomputer,_______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.A.whichB.forwhichC.thatD.tothat3.Hisglasses,_______hecou395.Inthepastwelostmanychances,_______wepaidlittleattention.

A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.towhich6.Thepen,_______Ihadbeenwritingfortenyears,wasbroken.

A.withwhichB.withthatC.asD.withit5.Inthepastwelostmanych407.Maryhastwobrothers,________aredoctors.A.bothoftheyB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.whomofboth8.OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJohn,from_______homethethiefhadstolenacomputer.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.whose7.Maryhastwobrothers,____419.Paul,_________everyonesuspected,turnedouttobeinnocent.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whom10.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,

_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.whatB.asC.thatD.who9.Paul,_________everyonesu4211.Sheshowedherteacherareason,

________shewaslateforschoolthedaybeforeyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.why12.The10:00train,_______

isusuallyverypunctual,waslatethismorning.A.asB.whenC.thatD.which11.Sheshowedherteacherar431.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.(2005遼寧卷) A.which B.when C.where D.that實戰(zhàn)高考1.Iwalkedinourgarden,___442.TheBeatles,_______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as3.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.(2006陜西卷)A.afterwhichB.fromwhichC.fromthatD.afterthat2.TheBeatles,_______manyo454.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_______wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷)A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom5.

Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(2007四川卷)A.theybothB.whichboth C.bothofthemD.bothofwhich

4.Lastweek,onlytwopeople466.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat7.TheywillflytoWashington,_____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(2008重慶卷)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when6.Thegrowi