英語選修8教師用書Module2SectionⅠReading（IntroductionReadingandVocabulary）

達(dá)·芬奇16世紀(jì)創(chuàng)作的不朽名畫《蒙娜·麗莎》中的女子一直充滿著神秘的色彩。前不久，法國(guó)一位藝術(shù)家提出了新的見解?，F(xiàn)在讓我們一起來看看是怎么回事吧！MonaLisa，themysteriouswomaninLeonardodaVinci's16thcenturymasterpiece，hadjustgivenbirthtohersecondsonwhenshesatforthepainting，aFrenchartexpertsaidonTuesday.ThediscoverywasmadebyateamofCanadianscientistswhousedspecialtechnologytopeerthroughthepaintlayersonthework，whichnowsitsintheLouvreMuseuminParis.OneoftheresearcherssaidthatonverycloseexaminationofthepaintingitbecameclearthattheMonaLisa'sdresswascoveredinathintransparentgauzeveil.“Thistypeofdresswastypicalofthekindworninearly16thcenturyItalybywomenwhowerepregnantorwhohadjustgivenbirth.Thisissomethingthathasneverbeenseenuptonowbecausethepaintingwasalwaysjudgedtobedarkanddifficulttoexamine，”hetoldanewsconference.Healsosaidthat，contrarytopopularbelief，thesubjecthadnotletherhairhangfreelybutinfactworeabonnetfromwhichonlyafewcurlsmanagedtoescape.“PeoplealwayswrotethatMonaLisahadallowedherhairtohangfreelyoverhershoulders.ThisgreatlysurprisedhistoriansbecauselettingyourhairhangfreelyduringtheRenaissancewastypicalofyounggirlsandwomenofpoorvirtue，”hesaid.TheteamhadhopedtodiscovermoredetailsaboutLeonardo'spaintingtechnique，whichtheartistusedtocreateahazyeffect.ButscientistJohnTaylorsaidtheteamhadbeenfrustratedbythelackofbrushstrokedetailonthepainting.[閱讀障礙詞]1．peer v．凝視；盯著看2．gauze n．薄紗3．veil n．面紗4．bonnet n．(帶子系于下巴的)舊式女帽5．curl n．(一綹)卷發(fā)6．hazy adj.朦朧的[誘思導(dǎo)讀]根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題1．WhendidMonaLisasitforthepaintingaccordingtothepassage?Aftershehadjustgivenbirthtohersecondson.2．WhatwasthepopularbeliefaboutthepaintingMonaLisa?MonaLisahadallowedherhairtohangfreelyoverhershoulders.SectionⅠReading(Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary)Ⅰ.匹配下列單詞的詞性及漢語意思()1.disturbing A．a(chǎn)dv.基本上，本質(zhì)上，大致說來()2.subject B．n.作品()3.dull C．n.效果；作用()4.basically D．a(chǎn)dj.有技巧的，熟練的()5.work E．a(chǎn)dj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的()6.effect F．n.(繪畫，攝影等的)主題()7.shade G．a(chǎn)dj.枯燥的；沉悶的()8.frontier H．n.(圖畫等中的)陰影；陰暗部分()9.motivate I．n.新領(lǐng)域()10.skilled J．v.激發(fā)，激勵(lì)[答案]1－5EFGAB6－10CHIJDⅡ.選擇下列句中詞組的漢語意思A．第一次B．與……形成對(duì)照C．與……相比D．總之；簡(jiǎn)言之E．醒來；喚醒F．手拉手；密切合作G．也；不僅……而且H．永遠(yuǎn)1．Don'tletitplayonyourmind，becausemydevotionisforalltime.2．Ihavetowakeupat6amforIhavealotofthingstodo.3．Theyellowcurtainscontrastwiththebluebedcover.4．Imethimatthecinemaforthefirsttime.5．Hewenttothepartyaswellashissister.6．Inshort，finishingthejobisnotsoeasyasyoumaythink.7．Isawthemwalkinghandinhandthroughthetowntheotherday.8．paredwith/tocars，bicycleshavemanyadvantages.[答案]1－5HEBAG6－8DFCTheRenaissanceFormanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly,andthedevelopmentsinartandarchitecture,musicandliteraturewhichtookplacethereatthattime①.Butthereisoneworkwhich，perhapsmorethananyother,expressesthespiritoftheRenaissance:theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobe②thebestexampleofanewlifelikestyleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506③，theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling④.EvenifpeopledonotknowmuchabouttheRenaissance⑤，theyhaveheardofthispainting.文藝復(fù)興對(duì)于很多人來說，文藝復(fù)興指的是14－16世紀(jì)時(shí)期的意大利，及其當(dāng)時(shí)在藝術(shù)、建筑、音樂以及文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表達(dá)文藝復(fù)興的精神——《蒙娜·麗莎》。它被認(rèn)為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫風(fēng)格的最好代表，這種繪畫風(fēng)格一經(jīng)使用就使人們驚嘆不已?！睹赡取惿酚扇R奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇于1503到1506年期間繪制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人們想知道蒙娜·麗莎是誰，她又為什么在微笑。即使是對(duì)文藝復(fù)興了解不多的人，他們也都聽說過這幅作品。[助讀講解]①此處which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞developments。②Itisbelievedtobe...“它被認(rèn)為是……”，此處的it指代theMonaLisa。③Paintedby...是過去分詞短語作狀語。④此處and連接兩個(gè)分別由who和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。⑤此處Evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。ButtheRenaissanceis,ofcourse,morethanjustMonaLisa.RenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”⑥anditfirstappearedinEnglishinthe19thcentury.ThewordwasusedtodescribeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica,anageofexploration,andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingupafterthelongsleepoftheMiddleAges⑦.FromItaly,theideasoftheRenaissancerapidlyspreadnorthwardstoFrance,Germany，England,andtherestofEurope.當(dāng)然文藝復(fù)興不僅僅是《蒙娜·麗莎》。文藝復(fù)興是一個(gè)法語單詞，意為“再生”，于19世紀(jì)首次出現(xiàn)在英語中。這個(gè)詞被用來描繪隨著首批歐洲人抵達(dá)美洲而開始的那段歐洲歷史，這是一段探險(xiǎn)的歷史，也是現(xiàn)代世界史的開端。仿佛歐洲在經(jīng)歷了中世紀(jì)的長(zhǎng)眠之后，就要蘇醒過來了。從意大利開始，文藝復(fù)興的精神很快向北傳遍了法國(guó)、德國(guó)、英國(guó)以及歐洲的其他國(guó)家。[助讀講解]⑥此處which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞aFrenchword。⑦此處asif引導(dǎo)表語從句。TradewithotherpartsoftheworldmeantthatEuropewasgettingricher,too.Thismeantthatpeoplehadmoneytospendonthearts⑧；anditbecameeasierforartiststofindpeoplewhocouldaffordtobuytheirworksoremploythem⑨.LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofMilan,and,towardstheendofhislife,theKingofFrance.與世界其他地方的貿(mào)易意味著歐洲也在變得更加富裕。也就是說人們有錢來花費(fèi)在藝術(shù)上，對(duì)于藝術(shù)家來說想要找到人來購買他們的作品或者雇用他們也更容易。萊奧納多為一些重要的人物工作過，比如米蘭公爵，在晚年他也曾經(jīng)為法國(guó)國(guó)王工作過。[助讀講解]⑧此處不定式短語作后置定語，修飾money。⑨此處it為形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語，其中包含一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾people。RenaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassicalGreeceandRome.Buttheylookedforward,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspective(透視效果)andtheeffectsoflight;posersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphony(復(fù)調(diào)音樂)(“manyvoices”);architectspreferreddesigningbuildingswithmorelightwhichcontrastedwiththeheavinessoftheGothiccathedrals(大教堂)oftheMiddleAges⑩.文藝復(fù)興的藝術(shù)家從古希臘以及古羅馬的文獻(xiàn)中來尋找他們作品的靈感。而他們也通過開辟新的藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域來展望未來。畫家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣利用透視和光的作用；作曲家們將不同的聲音合到一起創(chuàng)造了復(fù)調(diào)音樂(“許多音調(diào)”)；相比于中世紀(jì)哥特式教堂的沉重來說，建筑師們則更喜歡設(shè)計(jì)更加光亮的建筑。[助讀講解]⑩此處which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞buildings。Thesenseofexplorationwhichmotivatedtheartistswenthandinhandwithanewtypeofphilosophy.AftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldviewinwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevalueparedwiththegreatnessofGod?，philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”Forthefirsttime,theyputpeople,notreligion,atthecentreoftheuniverse.這種激發(fā)藝術(shù)家的探索意識(shí)與一種新的哲學(xué)攜手共進(jìn)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，哲學(xué)家們都持有中世紀(jì)的世界觀，認(rèn)為與上帝的偉大相比人的生命很渺小。現(xiàn)在他們開始提出諸如“人為何物？”以及“我為何存在？”這樣的問題。有史以來第一次，他們將人而不是宗教放在了整個(gè)宇宙的中心。[助讀講解]?此處inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾view。TheRenaissancewasatimeofscientificinvention,too.Leonardo,aswellasbeingoneofthegreatestpainterstheworldhaseverknown?，wasalsoaskilledinventor.Whereverhewent?，hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas?.Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuiltuntilhundredsofyearslater?，suchasaeroplanes,parachutes(降落傘),submarines(潛艇)andtanks(坦克)．TowardstheendofhislifehewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearch,andhedidnothavealotoftimeforpainting.文藝復(fù)興也是一個(gè)科學(xué)發(fā)明層出不窮的時(shí)代。作為舉世公認(rèn)的最偉大的畫家之一，萊奧納多同時(shí)也是一個(gè)出色的發(fā)明家。不管走到哪里他都隨身攜帶一個(gè)筆記本，以便隨時(shí)記錄下自己的想法。它們(這些想法)包括細(xì)致的人體素描、供工程師建造運(yùn)河和橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)以及一些令人震驚的直到數(shù)百年之后才被造出來的機(jī)器制圖，例如飛機(jī)、降落傘、潛艇和坦克。在晚年，萊奧納多受法國(guó)國(guó)王委托去做一些科學(xué)研究，所以很少有時(shí)間從事繪畫創(chuàng)作。[助讀講解]?此處為省略關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，修飾thegreatestpainters。?此處wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere。?此處inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞notebook。?此處which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞machines。Inshort,Leonardowasanextraordinarygenius,anexampleofwhathasbeendescribedas“Renaissanceman”?：someoneinterestedineverythingandwithmanydifferenttalents?.ButevenifhisonlycontributiontohistoryhadbeentheMonaLisa?，itwouldhavebeengeniusenoughforalltime.簡(jiǎn)言之，萊奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇是一個(gè)非凡的天才，一個(gè)被描繪成“文藝復(fù)興人”的典范：一個(gè)對(duì)凡事皆有興趣并有諸多才能的人。但即使他對(duì)歷史的貢獻(xiàn)僅僅是一幅《蒙娜·麗莎》，這也已經(jīng)是恒久的天才作品。[助讀講解]?此處what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作主語。?此處形容詞性短語和介詞短語都作someone的定語。?此處evenif“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意速讀P16－17教材課文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．Theimplicationofthe Renaissance.2．Para.2 B．Trade—onefactorofthe Renaissance.3．Para.3 C．Achangeinideasaboutreligion.4．Para.4 D．TheintroductionoftheMonaLisa.5．Para.5 E．SomethingLeonardodidasa skilledinventor.6．Para.6 F．Leonardo'sinfluenceonhistory.7．Para.7 G．Thenewideasonpainting，music andarchitecture.[答案]1－5DABGC6－7EF第二步細(xì)讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細(xì)讀P16－17教材課文，選擇最佳答案1．WhywastheRenaissancegiventhisname?A．Becauseofthedevelopmentsinart，musicandliterature，etc.B．Becauseithastheconceptof“rebirth”．C．BecauseofMonaLisa.D．BecauseEuropewasgettingricher.2．What'sthegeneralideaofthepassage?A．Thesenseofexploration.B．Atimeofscientificinvention.C．ThemeaningofRenaissance，therepresentativefigureandworks.D．TheMonaLisaandLeonardodaVinci.3．HowmanyyearsdidLeonardodaVincispendpaintingtheMonaLisa?A．10years. B．5years.C．2years. D．3years.4．Howdidphilosophychangeatthattime?A．Religionwasputatthecentreoftheuniverse.B．Art，architecture，musicandliteraturewereputatthecentreoftheuniverse.C．Peoplewereputatthecentreoftheuniverse.D．Godwasputatthece