初中英語閱讀理解技巧方法+例題理解

英語閱讀技巧1精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第一頁，共二十五頁。閱讀理解ReadingSkills細(xì)節(jié)理解和判斷推測詞語意義推斷深層含義理解主旨大意理解作者意圖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度2精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第二頁，共二十五頁。一、細(xì)節(jié)理解和判斷細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生對文章重要細(xì)節(jié)、信息的綜合理解能力以及推理判斷能力等。細(xì)節(jié)題大多可以直接或間接地從文章中找到答案。Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue(nottrue)?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept__.Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.以及where,how,who,why,howlong等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。閱讀理解3精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第三頁，共二十五頁。二、推測詞語意義推測詞語意義是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇提供的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、關(guān)鍵詞或短語的詞義。提高這種技巧可以使我們在閱讀過程中能很快通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)推斷出詞義來，從而提高閱讀速度和閱讀能力。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”mean? 2.Bysaying“...”，thewritermeans_______.3.Themeaningofthewordis__________. 4.Theunderlinedword“...”probablymeans______.5.Theword“...”refersto________. 6.Theunderlinedword“...”canbereplacedby____.7.Whichisthefollowingistheclosetinmeaningtotheword……?閱讀理解4精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第四頁，共二十五頁。三、推斷深層含義推斷深層含義主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知信息或深層含義的能力。要求考生把已有的信息作為已知條件，從中推斷出符合因果關(guān)系變化的未知結(jié)論。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深層含義甚至包括作者意圖等，分清哪些是事實(shí)，哪些是推理。記?。号袛嘤袚?jù)，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.2.Thewritersuggeststhat_____.3.Fromthepassage(story),wecanlearnthat_____.4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying…?5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat___.閱讀理解5精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第五頁，共二十五頁。四、理解主旨大意理解主旨大意題主要是測試學(xué)生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章大意的能力，一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題或目的設(shè)題。Thepassage/articleismainlyabout_______. 2.Themainideaofthepassageis_______.3.Whattopicisdiscussedinthepassage?4.Fromthepassageweknow/learnthat_____.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage? 6.Thetitleofthispassagecouldbe______.閱讀理解6精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第六頁，共二十五頁。解答這類題目時，最直接、最有效的方法是通過快速瀏覽，找出每個段落的主題句。一般來說，主題句通常是一段中的第一句或最后一句，有時也會出現(xiàn)在段落中間。有時文中沒有直接出現(xiàn)主題句，而需要我們總結(jié)。此時應(yīng)該注意每一段的中心句，把這些中心句的意思總結(jié)起來就是文章大意。閱讀理解7精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第七頁，共二十五頁。配色花哨文字多套用模板套用模板邏輯不清內(nèi)容空洞太土太雜太亂太繁“”精品PPT·實(shí)用可編輯第八頁，共二十五頁。五、理解作者意圖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和情緒，作者期望讀者能夠通過文章字面意思，真正領(lǐng)悟其言外之意，如作者的態(tài)度或?qū)懽饕鈭D以及隱喻等Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis_____.2.Inthewriter’sopinion,…should______.3.Whenthewritersays…,hemeans_____. 4.Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is_____.5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeshowthewriterfeelsabout_____?6.Theauthorwouldagreethat_____. 7.Thewritermainlywantstotellus_____.（中考題57題）推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。閱讀理解9精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第九頁，共二十五頁。五、理解作者意圖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度ThewriterusesbloodtypeAandBasanexampletoexplain_______.（中考題57題）推測作者的寫作目的，必須首先了解文章的主題，然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。閱讀理解10精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十頁，共二十五頁。1.如何捕捉大意？命題思路，題目中會有themainpoint/mainidea/besttitle等等。讀首句/段抓大意Eg.TodayNewtownisaverycleanplace.Butmanyyearsago,thereweremillionsofratsinNewtown.Theyattackedthecatsanddogs.Sometimesalotofthemknockeddownamanorwomanwalkinghomeatnight.Theratswereverybiginsizeandtheyhurtmanypeople….Question:Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoKillRats B.Newtown---CityofRatsC.HowNewtownPeopleBecameRich D.HowNewtownBecameaVeryCleanCity.D11精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十一頁，共二十五頁。(2)讀尾句/段抓大意Eg.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisroller-skater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime.Question:Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthisparagraph?A.TherollerskatesneededfurtherimprovementB.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.C12精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十二頁，共二十五頁。(3)從段落中抓大意Eg.Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecasttheweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld…Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriescanreceivesatellitepictures…Sotheweathersatellitesareofagreathelptothescientistsatthestation.Inthepasttheycouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hoursearlier.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsfor3or5days….Question：Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin___________________.A.takingpicturesoftheatmosphere B.manywaysC.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphere D.weatherforecastingD13精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十三頁，共二十五頁。2.如何搜索文章細(xì)節(jié)(1)直接對號入座Eg.Atthesametimeaftertheageoften,atelevenortwelve,boys’andgirls’bodiesstartchanging.Thistimeofchangeiscalledpuberty…

Question:Accordingtothetextthechangesinpubertystartattheageof___________.A.8or9 B.11or12 C.15or16 D.17or18(2)同義/反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換Eg.From1262to1944IcelandwasruledfirstbyNorwayandthenbyDenmark.Question:HowmanyyearsdidNorwayandDenmarkruledIceland?A.700 B.682 C.388 D.1070Eg.Kuminghasapopulationofmorethan5,000,000.Question:What’sthepopulationofKuming?A.Overfivemillion B.OverfivethousandC.Overfivebillion D.OverfivehundredBBA14精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十四頁，共二十五頁。(3)短語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換CanadaGeesearelargeblueandwhitebirds.Whenautumnarrives,theyhavetoflysouthwheretheweatheriswarmer.Question:CanadaGeesehavetoflysouth___________.A.inspring B.beforeautumn C.inwinter D.aftersummer(4)概括歸納Eg.Studentssitintheclassroomlisteningtotheteacher.Thisisawayoflearning.Isthistheonlywayforstudentstolearnsomething?Ofcoursenot.Question:Listeningtotheteacheris________forstudentstolearnsomething.A.notaway B.thebestway C.theonlyway D.nottheonlywayDD15精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十五頁，共二十五頁。3.猜測詞義的技巧(1)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義Eg1.IhadwalkedtwokilometersbeforeIfoundaphone-boxandeventuallyIwasabletogetagaragetosendsomeonetogivesomehelp.Question:Theworld“eventually”means__________.A.rightaway B.atlast C.withdifficulty D.unhappilyEg2:Mosttelephonehotlinesarecompletelyanonymous---callersdon’thavetosaytheirnamesortelephonenumbers.Question:Theword“anonymous”probablymeans____________.A.withaname B.withoutaname C.freeofcharge D.interestingBB16精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十六頁，共二十五頁。(2)根據(jù)同義詞，反義詞猜測詞義OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.Question:Thework“positive”inthepassageprobablymeans_______________.A.terrible B.bad C.good D.realC17精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第十七頁，共二十五頁。PPT內(nèi)容概述英語閱讀技巧。細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查學(xué)生對文章重要細(xì)節(jié)、信息的綜合理解能力以及推理判斷能力等。A.700 B.682 C.388 D.1070。C.withdifficulty D.unhappily。A.terrible B.bad C.good D.real。A．站起來 B.飛起來。C.脫穎而出 D.取出來。A.increase B.drink。C.stop D.makeless。A.$21 B.$24 C.$25 D.527。24第十八頁，共二十五頁。精品PPT·收集整理第十九頁，共二十五頁。(3)根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義EveryDecemberinLondon,theNationalCageandAviaryBirdShowtirestofindthebest“talking”birdintheworld.OnebirdnamedPrudlestoodoutamongthe“talkingbirds”.Shewonthisprizefor12yearsform1965to1976.Question:Whatdoestheword“standout”meaninthispassage?A．站起來 B.飛起來 C.脫穎而出 D.取出來C20精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第二十頁，共二十五頁。（4）根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義Eg.Mancanonlydrinkorusetheother3%ofthefreshwaterwhichcomesfromrivers,lakesanunderground.Ontheotherhand,becausethenumberofpeopleintheworldisbecominglargerandlarger,moreandmorefreshwaterisneeded.Sowatershortagebecomesabigproblem.Question:Theword“shortage”inthispassagemeans__________________.A.beingenough B.beingshortof C.beingshortfor D.beinglessB21精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第二十一頁，共二十五頁。(5)根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測詞義Forexample,twocupsofcoffeewillmakeyoubreathefasterandaugmentbodyheat.Allthismakesyourheartbeatfaster,anddoctorswarnthatthismaybealittledangerous.Question:Theworld“augment”means________________.A.increase B.drink C.stop D.makelessA22精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第二十二頁，共二十五頁。4.推斷隱含含義(1)推斷數(shù)據(jù)Eg:“Howmuchisthetomatosoup”Paulasked.‘Sixdollars,“thewaitersaid.“It’sverygood.”“Howmuchistheduckwithorange?”Paulaskednext.“Fifteendollars,”thewaitersaid.“Howmuchisthechocolateicecream?”“Sixdollars”thewaitersaid.Pauladdeditupquickly.Sixplusfifteenplussixistwenty-seven.Hethoughthecouldhavetheduckandthesoup,ortheduckandtheicecream.”I’llhavetheduckandthechocolateicecream,please.”Hesaidtothewaiter.Question:HowmuchdidPaul’smealcost?A.$21 B.$24 C.$25 D.527A23精品PPT|實(shí)用可編輯第二十三頁，共二十五頁。（2）推斷隱含句義Eg.WeareallbusytalkingaboutandusingtheInternet,buthowmanyofusknowthehistoryoftheInternet?TheInternethasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportantpartsofpeople’slife.Question:Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentence?