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20語法填空應(yīng)對(duì)策略(無提示詞)
【策略精析】
策略回顧1:如何確定填何種冠詞
1.用定冠詞the的??键c(diǎn)
(1)特指某人或某事;
(2)用在序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)前或用于only,very,same等詞前;
(3)用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西及某些專有名詞前;
(4)用在樂器名詞前;
(5)和形容詞、過去分詞連用,表示一類人或事物。
(6)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。
2.用不定冠詞a/an的??键c(diǎn)
(1)泛指一類人與物,表示概念“一”;
(2)在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。
3.固定搭配或抽象名詞具體化的名詞前填冠詞
(1)定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:atthesametime,onthecontrary,totellthetruth,inthedistance,makethe
most/bestof,onthespot等。
(2)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:catchacold,haveafever,allofasudden,asamatteroffact,asaresult,
haveagiftfor,makealiving,have/takearest,givesbalift,haveagoodknowledgeof等。
(3)動(dòng)詞(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介詞+the+身體部位
(4)抽象名詞具體化
抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí),可以與不定冠詞連用,常考到的有:surprise,pleasure,fort,danger,success,
failure,beauty等。
【典例分析1】(2020全國(guó)卷II)
Theplumtreesare70.firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthe
promiseofspringandarenewaloflife.
答案the[句意:雪還在融化時(shí),梅花是第一個(gè)開花的。這里表示特指,所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞
the。]
【典例分析2】(2020浙江7月卷)
Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64.riseofscience,changesbegan.
答案the[根據(jù)空后的riseofscience可知,此處是名詞的限定性修飾,語意表示“科學(xué)的興起”,故填定
冠詞the,表示特指。]
【典例分析3】(2020浙江1月卷)
AchildbornintheUstodayhas63.veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplan
according.
答案a[根據(jù)下文的chance可知,這里語意表示“非常實(shí)際的一個(gè)可能性”,故填不定冠詞,表示泛指。]
【典例分析4】(2019全國(guó)卷I)
Of69.nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six7O.are(be)stable,
oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.
答案the[此處特指確認(rèn)的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群,故用定冠詞the。]
【典例分析5】(2019浙江6月卷)
Everybodywears57.samestyleofclothes.
答案the[此處特指校服的款式相同,thesame...“相同的...”。1
【典例分析6】(2019全國(guó)卷H)
Whenwegotacall68.saying(sav)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.joke.
答案a「joke"笑話,玩笑”,是可數(shù)名詞。空格后用了單數(shù)joke,故其前用a。]
策略回顧:如何確定填何種介詞
1.介詞多義看語境
(Din表示情況、狀態(tài),意為“處在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意為“以,用”;表示服飾,意為“穿
著,戴著“;表示范圍、領(lǐng)域,意為“在……方面”。
(2)with表示狀態(tài),意為“帶有,具有“;表示手段、方法,意為“以,用”;表示關(guān)系,意為“和……在一起”;
表示伴隨,意為“隨著”;表示原因,意為“因?yàn)?,由?/p>
(3)by用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示“被,由”;表示“用,靠,憑借“;表示乘用交通工具。
(4)for表示方向,意為“往,向”;表示對(duì)象,用途等,意為“為,給”;表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量等,意為“計(jì),
達(dá)”;表示原因,意為“因?yàn)椋捎?/p>
(5)through表示位置,意為“穿過”;表示時(shí)間,意為“整個(gè)……”;表示手段、媒介,意為“依據(jù),經(jīng)由”。
2.依據(jù)句式和搭配填介詞
⑴與動(dòng)詞搭配,如:remindsbofsth”提醒某人某事“;robsbofsth"搶劫某人某物“;gobackto/datefrom”追
溯至...";exchange...fbr...”交換...”
(2)與名詞或代詞搭配,如:byaccident“偶然”;byonesel*靠自己”
(3)與形容詞搭配,如:becuriousabout”對(duì)...感到好奇”;beproudof4H........而自豪),
【典例分析1】(2020全國(guó)卷川)
Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist70.earth,MotherNature.
答案on[onearth在世上。]
【典例分析2】(2020新高考卷I)
Museumsmustpete45.people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.
答案for[根據(jù)語境可知,此處表達(dá)的是“為了人們的空閑時(shí)間和金錢與其他的娛樂活動(dòng)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)“,pete
fbr"為……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,故應(yīng)用介詞for。J
【典例分析3】(2020浙江7月卷)
Sometimeafter10>000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56.
throughagriculture.
答案in[livein是固定詞組,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]
【典例分析4】(2020浙江1月卷)
Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59.twofactors.
答案by[空處位于表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后,故應(yīng)該填by。]
【典例分析5】(2019全國(guó)卷I)
Modernmethods63.trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-
1980s.
答案of/for[methodsof/fordoingslh做某事的方法,故填of/for。]
【典例分析6】(2018浙江6月卷)
Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome
65_dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.
答案for[gotosomeplacefbrdinner”去某個(gè)地方吃飯介詞for在此表示目的。]
策略回顧3:如何確定填何種代詞
1.常見考法
(1)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語,可根據(jù)代指的情況用he,she或者it。
(2)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語,可根據(jù)代指的情況用him,her或者it。
(3)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語,填they。
(4)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語,填them。
2.it的用法
(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。
(2)代替上文提到過的事物。
(3)代替性別不明的嬰兒、動(dòng)物或不確定的某個(gè)人。
(4)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句形式主語或形式賓語。
(5)it的常用固定句型
Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that+其他
It+be+adj.+of/forsbtodosth
Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth
Itisapity/afact/nowonder/。好.+that...
Itseems/appears/turnsout/occurstosb+that...
Itissaid/reported/be1ieved...+that...
Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth
主語+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...+it+補(bǔ)語+todosth/that...
主語+like/hate/love/appreciate...+it+從句
【典例分析1】(2018浙江6月卷)
Manywesterners57.whoetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap
58.canbetoeatout.
答案it[考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用it作形式主語,真正的主語是toeatout。]
【典例分析2】(2017全國(guó)卷H)
However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewere
using67.everyday.
答案it[指代前句中的therailway,故填it。]
策略回顧4:如何確定填連詞或引導(dǎo)詞
1.關(guān)系分析法
分析設(shè)空前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關(guān)系,確定用哪個(gè)連詞。
(1)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有:and,both...and...,notonly...but(also)...等。
(2)表示選擇關(guān)系的有:or,either...or...,not...but…等。
(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有:but,while等。
(4)表示因果關(guān)系的有:so,for等。
IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,but1didn'twanttospendalldaywithher.
很高興又見到詹妮了,但是我不想花一整天的時(shí)間和她在一起。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.
昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)榈教幎歼@么濕。
2.句型法
⑴祈使句+and/or+陳述句
'beabouttodo...when...
bedoing...when...
beonthepointofdoing...when...
hadjustdone...when...
Pleasesenduspostcardsandwe'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.
請(qǐng)給我們寄些明信片,我們好知道你到過哪里。
Wewerehavingaheateddiscussionwhentherewasafailurepower.
我們正在熱烈地討論,突然停電了。
【典例分析1】(2020新高考卷I)
Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37.untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoa
museum.
答案or[句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然后這些藏品被捐給一
家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知,前后陳述的是兩種可能性,應(yīng)使用連詞or“或者”。故填or。J
【典例分析2】(2020浙江1月卷)
It,salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65.moreproductiveforlonger.
答案and[結(jié)合句意可知,healthier和moreproductive構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,故填and。]
【典例分析3】(2019全國(guó)卷H)
IworknotbecauseIhaveto.67.becauseIwantto.
答案but[not...but…“不是……而是……”。句意:我工作不是因?yàn)槲冶仨毠ぷ鳎且驗(yàn)槲蚁牍ぷ?。?/p>
3.定語從句:確定關(guān)系詞
設(shè)空處無提示詞,而設(shè)空前的主句完整:設(shè)空后的句子不完整,且對(duì)設(shè)空前的某一名詞或代詞起限定
作用,就要考慮填定語從句關(guān)系詞。
(1)分清限制與非限制
在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)的,是非限制性定語從句。
①that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
②which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句可代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容,which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。
③as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可置句中或句首,意為“正如”。其后的謂語動(dòng)詞多是beseen,beknown,be
reported,bementioned,besaid,beoftenthecase等。
Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.
我們?cè)谌粘I钪杏龅降膯栴}有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。
Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.
這個(gè)男孩離家出走一周了,這令他的父母很擔(dān)心。
Justasthesayinggoes,“Onetreedoesn'tmakeafbrest.”
正如諺語所說:“獨(dú)木不成林
(2)尋找先行詞,判斷屬性(指人還是指物,表時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),還是原因)
①先行詞指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行詞指物:that/which/whose等;
③表時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因:when/where/whyo
Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmake
useoftheirbooks.
一年一度的校園書展目的是為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)平臺(tái),使學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)交換和利用書籍。
(2018浙江6月卷)Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncethey
realizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.
許多來到中國(guó)的西方人一旦意識(shí)到在外面吃飯多么便宜,他們就會(huì)比在自己國(guó)家做飯少得多。
(3)判斷所缺成分,確定關(guān)系詞
①缺少主語:that/which/who;
②缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少介詞的賓語:whom/which;
④缺少定語:whose;
⑤缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語:分別用when,where,why。
Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays,someofwhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.
目前,許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)正在丟失,其中有一些正在被現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品所取代。
ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.
我不相信他的理由是他經(jīng)常說謊。
(2018天津卷)Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.
凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了,上大學(xué)時(shí),我和她妹妹住在一個(gè)房間。
【典例分析4](2020全國(guó)卷I)
Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbit
abovethemooninaspot63.itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.
答案where[句意:中國(guó)首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn),人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向
航天器和地球發(fā)射信號(hào)。分析句子可知,空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞是aspot,關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在
從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。]
【典例分析5】(2020全國(guó)卷m)
InancientChinalivedanartist61.paintingswerealmostlifelike.
答案whose[句意:中國(guó)古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且
先行詞在從句中作定語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。]
【典例分析6】(2020新高考卷I)
The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38.formed(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritish
Museum39.openedin1759.
答案which/that[句意:例如,漢斯斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。
此處是限制性定語從句,先行詞是theBritishMuseum,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that
引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。]
【典例分析7】(2020北京卷)
Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign4.theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphone.
答案where[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為campaign,空格處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀
語,故填where。]
[典例分析8](2019全國(guó)卷II)
NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62.sheopened
withherlatehusbandLes.
答案which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,逗號(hào)后是非限制性定語從句,thepetshop是先行詞,定語從句中缺少
opened的賓語,故用which。]
【典例分析9】(2019全國(guó)卷m)
Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64.hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.
答案who/that[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters,且在從句中
作主語,故填關(guān)系代詞who/that。]
【典例分析10](2019浙江6月卷)
Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth58.givesofflightinthedark.
答案that/which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞為apieceofcloth,而且空格處在從句
中作主語,所以用that或which來引導(dǎo)。]
[注意]
⑴不能忘記“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的使用3規(guī)則
構(gòu)成用法
介詞提前時(shí),指物只能用Which,指人只
介詞(短語)+which/whom
能用whom
數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)/不定代詞+of+
表示部分與整體的關(guān)系
which/whom
the+名詞+of+which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系,可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose+名詞”
⑵注意并列句和定語從句的區(qū)別
[辨析1]
?Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontofstandsanorangetree.
②Theyliveinasmallhouse,andinfrontofstandsanorangetree.
答案①which;②il[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞and,句①逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句,設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示物,
故填which;句②and連接兩個(gè)并列分句,設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的asmallhouse,故填it。]
[辨析2J
@Theoldmanhasthreesons,noneofisadoctor.
②Theoldmanhasthreesons,butnoneofisadoctor.
答案①whom;②them[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞but,句①逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語從句,設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示
人,故填whom;句②but連接兩個(gè)并列分句,設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的threesons,故填them。]
4.名詞性從句:確定名詞性從句的5方向
①Thatyoudidn'tknowtheruleswon'tbeanexcusefor
方向1:不缺任何成分,且
yourfailure.
引導(dǎo)詞無意義,常用that
②Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedto
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句
serveinthearmy.
方向2:不缺任何成分,且
引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否“,常用@Heaskedherthequestionwhethertheycanbefriends.
whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,②1didn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.
其中if可以用于賓語從句
?Whenyouarereading,makeanoteofwhatyouthinkisof
方向3:缺少主/賓/表語,
greatimportance.
用連接代詞(which,what,
②Whenopportunityknocks,pleaseanswerthedoor.Don't
who等)
keepaskingwhoitis.
方向4:缺少狀語,用連接@Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.
副詞(where,when,why,②Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwe
how)等feel.
方向5:it作形式主語或形?Itisannouncedintoday'snewspaperthatthepresident
式賓語的名詞性從句要牢willpayavisittoChinanextweek.
記②[feelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget-together.
(典例分析111(2020浙江7月卷)
Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57.couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthe
wild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.
答案what[根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知,what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作on的賓語,由于該賓語從句中缺少主語,同時(shí)
空處表示”……的事物",故填what。]
【典例分析12](2020天津卷改編)
ThestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrueProfessorJosephhadsaid.
答案what[句意:這個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),使約瑟夫教授所說的變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。此處需要用what引導(dǎo)
賓語從句。]
【典例分析13](2019全國(guó)卷I)
ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whilethey
arerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic>andasfarsouth
asJamesBayinCanada.
答案that[本句含有一個(gè)同位語從句,解釋了名詞evidence”證據(jù)”的具體內(nèi)容,空處在從句中不充當(dāng)成
分,也無意義,故本空填連接代詞that。J
(典例分析14](2018全國(guó)卷IH)
I'mnotsure61.ismorefrightened>meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutof
nowhere.
答案who[句意:我不確定誰受到了更大的驚嚇,是我還是那只不知從何處突然蹦出來的雌性大猩猩。
根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作主語,表示“誰",故填who。]
【典例分析15】(2018北京卷改編)
Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.
答案what[句意:這就是父親教我的——總是要面對(duì)困難,并且抱最大的希望。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空
處引導(dǎo)表語從句,并在從句中作taught的賓語,故應(yīng)用what。]
(典例分析16](2017北京卷改編)
Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.
答案where[句意:簡(jiǎn)在綠樹成蔭的街道上漫無目的地走著,不知道去往哪里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空
處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]
5.狀語從句:根據(jù)句意及固定句式定引導(dǎo)詞
a.句意法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞
(1)while/when/as/since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
(2)before/after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
(3)if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
(4)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
(5)when/where引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語從句
Whenheknockedatthedoor,Iwasworkingatthetable.
當(dāng)他敲門時(shí),我正在桌旁工作。
Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.
許多高樓在一年前還全是廢墟的地方拔地而起。
Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.
她說她不得不關(guān)閉此商品,除非生意得到改善。
b.固定句式法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞
(1)連詞before的意義及句型
Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before...表示“多久以后才...”
Itwon'tbe+一段時(shí)間+before…表示“用不了多久就會(huì)……”
Itwon'tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment.
要不了多久我們就會(huì)知道試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果了。
⑵連詞since的意義及句型
Itissometime(一段時(shí)間)+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
=Ithasbeensometime(一段時(shí)間)+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。該固定句型意思是“自從...以來已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)
時(shí)間了”
Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.
據(jù)報(bào)道,清華大學(xué)建校已有一百多年了。
(3)whether...or(not)...”無論...還是....”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.
無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
【典例分析17](2020全國(guó)卷III)
65.heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)
artist,theysmiledand66.pointeddowntheriver.
答案When/As[When/As在句中表示“當(dāng)...時(shí)”。]
【典例分析181(2019天津卷改編)
Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents,opinionhewantstheirsupport.
答案unless[句意:湯姆很獨(dú)立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否則他從不征求父母的意見。根據(jù)語境可
知,這里用從屬連詞unless“除非”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。J
【典例分析19】(2018北京卷改編)
wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.
答案If[句意:如果我們不能阻止氣候變化,世界上的許多動(dòng)物和植物將會(huì)消失。故用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語
從句。]
【典例分析20](2017北京卷改編)
Ifyoudon^understandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigure
itout.
答案until[句意:如果你不明白某件事情,你可以研究,學(xué)習(xí),也可以與其他人談?wù)劊钡脚靼诪橹埂?/p>
until“直到”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。]
【策略精講】
1
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Mostpeopledreamoflivinginabigexpensivehouse.ButTimSheajustwantedtofindaplace__1
couldbeehishome.
This70yearoldhomelessmanhadspentseveralyearslivingonthestreetsuntilhebecamethefirstresident
ofavillagefilled23Dprintedlittlehouses.
Sheawaschosentobethefirstperson3(move)intomunityFirstVillage,a51acresiteinAustin,
Texas.Thesmallhousesinthevillage,likeShea's400squarefbothome,werebuiltbytheAustinbasedstartup
panyICON.
Lifewasn'teasyforSheabefore4(live)inmunityFirstVillage.HelivedinanRV(野營(yíng)車)for
mostofhislife.Thismade5(he)stayawayfrompeople.uIthinkfrommy6(person)experienceof
myformerlifestyle,Idevelopedashell,“Sheasaid."Ididn'tfeelsecure(安心的)andanytimeIhadthe
opportunity,Iwouldhide.”
Luckily,7(thing)changedwhenSheagothisnewhouse.Sincethen,hehasbeenmeetingnewpeople
andmakingfriends."NoweverythingIdo8(be)justtheopposite.Ihavemanyactivitiestodoeveryday
withothers,“Sheasaid.
Thehouses9(design)byICONhavesixdifferentlayouts(布局).Sheachoseahomewithanopen
floor.Thisway,10willbeeasierforhimtousehiswheelchair.
2
MeetAlexa,YourDigitalRoommate
WhoisAlexa?SheisadigitalassistantthatispartofthevoiceactivatedEchoDot“smartspeaker“produced
byAmazon.ThisyearSaintLouisUniversityinMissourihasplacedoneofthespeakersineverydorm
room11itscampus.Studentscanaskthevirtualassistantanythingfrom“Whenarethefootballteams
playing?^^to“What'sthesquarerootof1440?”
SLUstudentBrendanMcGuiresaid:"InsteadofsearchingontheInternetwhileI12(tap)awayatmy
puter,IcanjustaskAlexa:HeyAlexa,askSLUwhat'sthemolecular(分子的)weighlofwater?AndIcanhavethe
answerwithout13(interrupt)myprocess.^^That'sexactly14schoolofficialshadinmindwhenthey
decidedtoprovidethesmartspeakersfreeofchargeforstudents.
“Thestudentsweattract15(drive)toachievesuccessinandoutoftheclassroom,DavidHakanson,
SLU'svicepresident,said.uEveryminutewecansaveourstudentsfromhavingtosearchfortheinfoimation
onlineisanotherminute16(mit)totheireducation/
SaintLouisUniversityisthefirstintheU.S.17(include)anEchoDotsmartspeakerineverycampus
livingspace.Othercollegeshavealsofoundwaystoofferthetechnologytostudents.ThisyearNortheastern
UniversityinBostoninstalled60speakersinpublicplaces18studentscouldgetanswerstomon
questions.
AtArizonaStateUniversity,engineeringstudentslivinginthebrandnewresidencehallhavetheoptionof
addinganAmazonEchoDottotheirrooms.t4Ourfbcusisputtingthistechnologyintothehandsofourstudentsin
away19willbuildanecosystem.20supportsvoicetechnologiesthroughouttheASUcampus,“
saidHeredia,adirectoratASU.
3
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Thissummer,haveyoubeensurprisedbywomenwearinghanfu,orHanstyleclothing,atsubwaystations,
shoppingmallsorscenicareas?
In2018,theCentralmitteeofthemunistYouthLeagueofChinasetthe21(three)dayofMarchin
theChineselunarcalendar,22(traditional)thebirthdayoftheYellowEmperorastheannualTraditional
ChineseGarmentDay.Sincethen,23beautyofhanfuhasgainedmoreandmorerecognitionand
acceptancebymonpeople.
Generally,hanfurefers24traditionalChineseclothingwornbytheHanethnic(民族的)groupbefore
theQingDynasty(1644—1911).Historically,HanChineseclothinghasalsoinfluencedsomeofitsneighboring
culturalclothing,25(include)theJapanesekimono,Koreanhanbok,andclothingofMongolia,Vietnam
andBhutan.
Hanfuappearselegantandbeautiful,26isnotonlyduetothethousandsofyearsofculturebehindits
beautifuldesign,butalsobecauseofitsextraordinarycraftsmanship(工藝)3ndaesthetics(美學(xué)).Hanfuincludes
morethan3027(example)ofChina'sintangible(非物質(zhì)的)culturalheritageaswellasChineseartsand
craftsunder28(preserve).
Hanfu29(represent)anaestheticforlivingandacontinuationoftraditionalChineseculture.
Nowadays,moreandmorefashiondesignslooktohanfuforinspiration30(create)theirownbrand.
4
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。
31(see)fromouterspace,Earthisablueplanet,duetothefactthattheoceancoversover70percentof
itssurface.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience,theoceanplaysagreatrolein32
(slow)downglobalwarming.Itis33importantbuffer(緩沖物)34TheNewYorkTimesputit.
Theoceanscanabsorb93percentofthehealtrappedbythegreenhousegases35humansreleaseinto
theatmosphere.Andtheother7percent36(absorb)bytheair,landandicecaps,accordingtotheGuardian.
“Iftheoceanwasn'tabsorbingasmuchheat,thesurfaceofthelandwouldheatupmuch37(fast)
thanitisrightnow,“saidprofessorMalinL.PinskyatRutgersUniversityintheUS."Infact,theoceanissaving
usfromrapidwarmingrightnow.”
However,theoceanitself,asDiscoverMagazinenoted,isheatingup40percentfasteronaveragethanthe
UnitedNations38(believe)fiveyearsago.Thatmeansiftheoceantemperaturesincrease39this
speed,thehighwatertemperatures“willkilloffmarineecosystems,raisesea40(level)andmake
hurricanesmoredestructive(破壞性的)”,theGuardianreported.
5
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since201l,thecountry41(grow)more
cornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover42past25years,whilericehas
increasedonly7percent.
Atasteformeatis43(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeed
chickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcom'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcom
insteadofrice44(improve)waterquality.Comuses45(little)waterthanriceandcreatesless
fertilizer(化月巴)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased46(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirs
andmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.
AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal47(globe)fertilizer
consumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment48
(start)asoiltestingprogram49givesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmersand2011,fertilizeruse
droppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China's
approachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile50(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagriculture
andfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVbegele.
6
Thisbookisabout51(die),butitisnotpessimistic.Indeed,itwasapleasantsurprise52
(find)thatthisbookisfilled53joyandhope.Morrie's54(brave)towardstheendofhislifeis
inspirationalandhasmademevaluemyownlifemore.Infact,farfrombeingabookaboutdeath,it'sabook
aboutlife.55Morriesays,“Onceyoulearnhowtodie,youlearnhow56(live).^^AsMorrie
knowsthatheissoongoingtodie,heobserveseverythingasifitisnew.Thethingsaroundhimlookeven57
(beautiful)thaneverbeforeandholdnew58(mean).Fromhiswindow,hewatcheseachseasonchange,
59(know)itcouldbehislast.Thisencouragesustoappreciate60wehave,andtomakethemost
ofeachday.
7
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。
Thecavedwelling(YaodonginChinese)inXi'an,ShaanxiProvince,islaidoutinrowsoneatoptheother,
lookinglikebuildingsofmultiplefloorsinthedistance.Itisasortofdistinctivecavehouse61(dig)
intothemountainsfordwellingofmanylaboringpeopleontheLoessPlateauinnorthwestChina.
Acavehouseisusuallysixmetersdeepandfourmeterswide.Stoneslabs(厚板)62(pile)uptoforma
semicircleattheentrance,63isdecoratedwithbeautifulwoodormetalwindowsina64(vary)
ofstyles.Thetypesofthecavedwellingcanbedividedintotheearthcavedwelling,brickcavedwelling65
stonedwelling.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenregarded66thesymbolofthepeasantsinnorthernpartof
ShaanxiProvince.
Thebeautyaboutthecavedwellingis67theyhelpmaintainlocalgeographyandsaveonfarmlands
by68(make)useofspacethatwouldhavebeenotherwiseleftunused.Theyarewarminwinterandcool
insummer.Thetemperatureinsideisusually13degreesCelsiushigherthanintheopeninwinterand10degrees
Celsius69(low)insummer.Statisticsshowthat40millionpeopleliveincavedwellingsthatare
scatteredoveranareaof600,000squarekilometersin70middleandupperreachesoftheYellowRiver.
8
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Sixweeksbeforehis97,hbirthday,GiuseppePaternofulfilledthedreamofalifetime:He71(get)a
universitydegree.
Mr.Paterno^72(graduate)hasinspirednewsreportsaroundtheworld,partlybecause73
hisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofmitment,athemethathasresonated(產(chǎn)生
共鳴)asmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefaceextr
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