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20語法填空應(yīng)對策略(無提示詞)

【策略精析】

策略回顧1:如何確定填何種冠詞

1.用定冠詞the的??键c

(1)特指某人或某事;

(2)用在序數(shù)詞或最高級前或用于only,very,same等詞前;

(3)用在世界上獨一無二的東西及某些專有名詞前;

(4)用在樂器名詞前;

(5)和形容詞、過去分詞連用,表示一類人或事物。

(6)用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在某世紀幾十年代”。

2.用不定冠詞a/an的??键c

(1)泛指一類人與物,表示概念“一”;

(2)在序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。

3.固定搭配或抽象名詞具體化的名詞前填冠詞

(1)定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:atthesametime,onthecontrary,totellthetruth,inthedistance,makethe

most/bestof,onthespot等。

(2)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中,如:catchacold,haveafever,allofasudden,asamatteroffact,asaresult,

haveagiftfor,makealiving,have/takearest,givesbalift,haveagoodknowledgeof等。

(3)動詞(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介詞+the+身體部位

(4)抽象名詞具體化

抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時,可以與不定冠詞連用,??嫉降挠校簊urprise,pleasure,fort,danger,success,

failure,beauty等。

【典例分析1】(2020全國卷II)

Theplumtreesare70.firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthe

promiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

答案the[句意:雪還在融化時,梅花是第一個開花的。這里表示特指,所以序數(shù)詞first前要加定冠詞

the。]

【典例分析2】(2020浙江7月卷)

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64.riseofscience,changesbegan.

答案the[根據(jù)空后的riseofscience可知,此處是名詞的限定性修飾,語意表示“科學(xué)的興起”,故填定

冠詞the,表示特指。]

【典例分析3】(2020浙江1月卷)

AchildbornintheUstodayhas63.veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplan

according.

答案a[根據(jù)下文的chance可知,這里語意表示“非常實際的一個可能性”,故填不定冠詞,表示泛指。]

【典例分析4】(2019全國卷I)

Of69.nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six7O.are(be)stable,

oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

答案the[此處特指確認的19個北極熊亞種群,故用定冠詞the。]

【典例分析5】(2019浙江6月卷)

Everybodywears57.samestyleofclothes.

答案the[此處特指校服的款式相同,thesame...“相同的...”。1

【典例分析6】(2019全國卷H)

Whenwegotacall68.saying(sav)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69.joke.

答案a「joke"笑話,玩笑”,是可數(shù)名詞??崭窈笥昧藛螖?shù)joke,故其前用a。]

策略回顧:如何確定填何種介詞

1.介詞多義看語境

(Din表示情況、狀態(tài),意為“處在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意為“以,用”;表示服飾,意為“穿

著,戴著“;表示范圍、領(lǐng)域,意為“在……方面”。

(2)with表示狀態(tài),意為“帶有,具有“;表示手段、方法,意為“以,用”;表示關(guān)系,意為“和……在一起”;

表示伴隨,意為“隨著”;表示原因,意為“因為,由于

(3)by用于被動語態(tài),表示“被,由”;表示“用,靠,憑借“;表示乘用交通工具。

(4)for表示方向,意為“往,向”;表示對象,用途等,意為“為,給”;表示時間、距離、數(shù)量等,意為“計,

達”;表示原因,意為“因為,由于

(5)through表示位置,意為“穿過”;表示時間,意為“整個……”;表示手段、媒介,意為“依據(jù),經(jīng)由”。

2.依據(jù)句式和搭配填介詞

⑴與動詞搭配,如:remindsbofsth”提醒某人某事“;robsbofsth"搶劫某人某物“;gobackto/datefrom”追

溯至...";exchange...fbr...”交換...”

(2)與名詞或代詞搭配,如:byaccident“偶然”;byonesel*靠自己”

(3)與形容詞搭配,如:becuriousabout”對...感到好奇”;beproudof4H........而自豪),

【典例分析1】(2020全國卷川)

Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist70.earth,MotherNature.

答案on[onearth在世上。]

【典例分析2】(2020新高考卷I)

Museumsmustpete45.people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.

答案for[根據(jù)語境可知,此處表達的是“為了人們的空閑時間和金錢與其他的娛樂活動進行競爭“,pete

fbr"為……競爭”,故應(yīng)用介詞for。J

【典例分析3】(2020浙江7月卷)

Sometimeafter10>000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56.

throughagriculture.

答案in[livein是固定詞組,表示“在……地方生活”,故填in。]

【典例分析4】(2020浙江1月卷)

Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven59.twofactors.

答案by[空處位于表示被動的動詞后,故應(yīng)該填by。]

【典例分析5】(2019全國卷I)

Modernmethods63.trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-

1980s.

答案of/for[methodsof/fordoingslh做某事的方法,故填of/for。]

【典例分析6】(2018浙江6月卷)

Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome

65_dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.

答案for[gotosomeplacefbrdinner”去某個地方吃飯介詞for在此表示目的。]

策略回顧3:如何確定填何種代詞

1.常見考法

(1)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語,可根據(jù)代指的情況用he,she或者it。

(2)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了單數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語,可根據(jù)代指的情況用him,her或者it。

(3)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作主語,填they。

(4)如果空格前文出現(xiàn)了復(fù)數(shù)名詞,并且空處作賓語,填them。

2.it的用法

(1)指代天氣、時間、距離等。

(2)代替上文提到過的事物。

(3)代替性別不明的嬰兒、動物或不確定的某個人。

(4)代替不定式、動名詞或從句形式主語或形式賓語。

(5)it的常用固定句型

Itis/was+被強調(diào)成分+that+其他

It+be+adj.+of/forsbtodosth

Itisnogood/nouse/useless/awasteoftimedoingsth

Itisapity/afact/nowonder/。好.+that...

Itseems/appears/turnsout/occurstosb+that...

Itissaid/reported/be1ieved...+that...

Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth

主語+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep...+it+補語+todosth/that...

主語+like/hate/love/appreciate...+it+從句

【典例分析1】(2018浙江6月卷)

Manywesterners57.whoetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap

58.canbetoeatout.

答案it[考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用it作形式主語,真正的主語是toeatout。]

【典例分析2】(2017全國卷H)

However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewere

using67.everyday.

答案it[指代前句中的therailway,故填it。]

策略回顧4:如何確定填連詞或引導(dǎo)詞

1.關(guān)系分析法

分析設(shè)空前后單詞、短語或分句之間的關(guān)系,確定用哪個連詞。

(1)表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的有:and,both...and...,notonly...but(also)...等。

(2)表示選擇關(guān)系的有:or,either...or...,not...but…等。

(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有:but,while等。

(4)表示因果關(guān)系的有:so,for等。

IwasgladtomeetJennyagain,but1didn'twanttospendalldaywithher.

很高興又見到詹妮了,但是我不想花一整天的時間和她在一起。

Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.

昨晚一定下雨了,因為到處都這么濕。

2.句型法

⑴祈使句+and/or+陳述句

'beabouttodo...when...

bedoing...when...

beonthepointofdoing...when...

hadjustdone...when...

Pleasesenduspostcardsandwe'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.

請給我們寄些明信片,我們好知道你到過哪里。

Wewerehavingaheateddiscussionwhentherewasafailurepower.

我們正在熱烈地討論,突然停電了。

【典例分析1】(2020新高考卷I)

Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37.untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoa

museum.

答案or[句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然后這些藏品被捐給一

家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知,前后陳述的是兩種可能性,應(yīng)使用連詞or“或者”。故填or。J

【典例分析2】(2020浙江1月卷)

It,salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier65.moreproductiveforlonger.

答案and[結(jié)合句意可知,healthier和moreproductive構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,故填and。]

【典例分析3】(2019全國卷H)

IworknotbecauseIhaveto.67.becauseIwantto.

答案but[not...but…“不是……而是……”。句意:我工作不是因為我必須工作,而是因為我想工作。]

3.定語從句:確定關(guān)系詞

設(shè)空處無提示詞,而設(shè)空前的主句完整:設(shè)空后的句子不完整,且對設(shè)空前的某一名詞或代詞起限定

作用,就要考慮填定語從句關(guān)系詞。

(1)分清限制與非限制

在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號的,是非限制性定語從句。

①that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

②which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句可代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容,which意為“這一點”。

③as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可置句中或句首,意為“正如”。其后的謂語動詞多是beseen,beknown,be

reported,bementioned,besaid,beoftenthecase等。

Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

我們在日常生活中遇到的問題有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。

Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.

這個男孩離家出走一周了,這令他的父母很擔(dān)心。

Justasthesayinggoes,“Onetreedoesn'tmakeafbrest.”

正如諺語所說:“獨木不成林

(2)尋找先行詞,判斷屬性(指人還是指物,表時間,地點,還是原因)

①先行詞指人:that/who/whom/whose;

②先行詞指物:that/which/whose等;

③表時間/地點/原因:when/where/whyo

Theannualcampusbookfairaimstoprovideaplatformwherestudentscanhaveachancetoexchangeandmake

useoftheirbooks.

一年一度的校園書展目的是為學(xué)生提供一個平臺,使學(xué)生有機會交換和利用書籍。

(2018浙江6月卷)Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncethey

realizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.

許多來到中國的西方人一旦意識到在外面吃飯多么便宜,他們就會比在自己國家做飯少得多。

(3)判斷所缺成分,確定關(guān)系詞

①缺少主語:that/which/who;

②缺少動詞的賓語:that/which/who/whom;

③缺少介詞的賓語:whom/which;

④缺少定語:whose;

⑤缺少時間、地點或原因狀語:分別用when,where,why。

Manytraditionalartsarelosingnowadays,someofwhicharebeingreplacedbymodernproducts.

目前,許多傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)正在丟失,其中有一些正在被現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品所取代。

ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.

我不相信他的理由是他經(jīng)常說謊。

(2018天津卷)Kate,whosesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.

凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了,上大學(xué)時,我和她妹妹住在一個房間。

【典例分析4](2020全國卷I)

Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbit

abovethemooninaspot63.itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

答案where[句意:中國首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個點,人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個點向

航天器和地球發(fā)射信號。分析句子可知,空處引導(dǎo)一個定語從句,先行詞是aspot,關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在

從句中作地點狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。]

【典例分析5】(2020全國卷m)

InancientChinalivedanartist61.paintingswerealmostlifelike.

答案whose[句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且

先行詞在從句中作定語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。]

【典例分析6】(2020新高考卷I)

The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38.formed(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritish

Museum39.openedin1759.

答案which/that[句意:例如,漢斯斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。

此處是限制性定語從句,先行詞是theBritishMuseum,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that

引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。]

【典例分析7】(2020北京卷)

Someuniversitystudentscarriedoutacampaign4.theyspenttheirwholedaywithoutcellphone.

答案where[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為campaign,空格處在從句中作地點狀

語,故填where。]

[典例分析8](2019全國卷II)

NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62.sheopened

withherlatehusbandLes.

答案which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,逗號后是非限制性定語從句,thepetshop是先行詞,定語從句中缺少

opened的賓語,故用which。]

【典例分析9】(2019全國卷m)

Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64.hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

答案who/that[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾指人的先行詞theirmasters,且在從句中

作主語,故填關(guān)系代詞who/that。]

【典例分析10](2019浙江6月卷)

Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth58.givesofflightinthedark.

答案that/which[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句。先行詞為apieceofcloth,而且空格處在從句

中作主語,所以用that或which來引導(dǎo)。]

[注意]

⑴不能忘記“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的使用3規(guī)則

構(gòu)成用法

介詞提前時,指物只能用Which,指人只

介詞(短語)+which/whom

能用whom

數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級/不定代詞+of+

表示部分與整體的關(guān)系

which/whom

the+名詞+of+which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系,可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose+名詞”

⑵注意并列句和定語從句的區(qū)別

[辨析1]

?Theyliveinasmallhouse,infrontofstandsanorangetree.

②Theyliveinasmallhouse,andinfrontofstandsanorangetree.

答案①which;②il[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞and,句①逗號后為非限制性定語從句,設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示物,

故填which;句②and連接兩個并列分句,設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的asmallhouse,故填it。]

[辨析2J

@Theoldmanhasthreesons,noneofisadoctor.

②Theoldmanhasthreesons,butnoneofisadoctor.

答案①whom;②them[兩句的區(qū)別是連詞but,句①逗號后為非限制性定語從句,設(shè)空處為引導(dǎo)詞表示

人,故填whom;句②but連接兩個并列分句,設(shè)空處指代前面分句中的threesons,故填them。]

4.名詞性從句:確定名詞性從句的5方向

①Thatyoudidn'tknowtheruleswon'tbeanexcusefor

方向1:不缺任何成分,且

yourfailure.

引導(dǎo)詞無意義,常用that

②Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedto

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

serveinthearmy.

方向2:不缺任何成分,且

引導(dǎo)詞表示“是否“,常用@Heaskedherthequestionwhethertheycanbefriends.

whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,②1didn'tknowwhether/ifhewouldattendtheconcert.

其中if可以用于賓語從句

?Whenyouarereading,makeanoteofwhatyouthinkisof

方向3:缺少主/賓/表語,

greatimportance.

用連接代詞(which,what,

②Whenopportunityknocks,pleaseanswerthedoor.Don't

who等)

keepaskingwhoitis.

方向4:缺少狀語,用連接@Ihavenoideawhenhewillebackhome.

副詞(where,when,why,②Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwe

how)等feel.

方向5:it作形式主語或形?Itisannouncedintoday'snewspaperthatthepresident

式賓語的名詞性從句要牢willpayavisittoChinanextweek.

記②[feelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget-together.

(典例分析111(2020浙江7月卷)

Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57.couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthe

wild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

答案what[根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)可知,what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,作on的賓語,由于該賓語從句中缺少主語,同時

空處表示”……的事物",故填what。]

【典例分析12](2020天津卷改編)

ThestudentpletedthisexperimenttomakeetrueProfessorJosephhadsaid.

答案what[句意:這個學(xué)生完成了這個實驗,使約瑟夫教授所說的變成了現(xiàn)實。此處需要用what引導(dǎo)

賓語從句。]

【典例分析13](2019全國卷I)

ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whilethey

arerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic>andasfarsouth

asJamesBayinCanada.

答案that[本句含有一個同位語從句,解釋了名詞evidence”證據(jù)”的具體內(nèi)容,空處在從句中不充當(dāng)成

分,也無意義,故本空填連接代詞that。J

(典例分析14](2018全國卷IH)

I'mnotsure61.ismorefrightened>meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutof

nowhere.

答案who[句意:我不確定誰受到了更大的驚嚇,是我還是那只不知從何處突然蹦出來的雌性大猩猩。

根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中作主語,表示“誰",故填who。]

【典例分析15】(2018北京卷改編)

Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

答案what[句意:這就是父親教我的——總是要面對困難,并且抱最大的希望。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空

處引導(dǎo)表語從句,并在從句中作taught的賓語,故應(yīng)用what。]

(典例分析16](2017北京卷改編)

Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.

答案where[句意:簡在綠樹成蔭的街道上漫無目的地走著,不知道去往哪里。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空

處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,且從句中缺少地點狀語,應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句。]

5.狀語從句:根據(jù)句意及固定句式定引導(dǎo)詞

a.句意法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞

(1)while/when/as/since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

(2)before/after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

(3)if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句

(4)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

(5)when/where引導(dǎo)的時間、地點狀語從句

Whenheknockedatthedoor,Iwasworkingatthetable.

當(dāng)他敲門時,我正在桌旁工作。

Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.

許多高樓在一年前還全是廢墟的地方拔地而起。

Shesaysthatshe'llhavetoclosetheshopunlessbusinessimproves.

她說她不得不關(guān)閉此商品,除非生意得到改善。

b.固定句式法確定狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞

(1)連詞before的意義及句型

Itwillbe+一段時間+before...表示“多久以后才...”

Itwon'tbe+一段時間+before…表示“用不了多久就會……”

Itwon'tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment.

要不了多久我們就會知道試驗的結(jié)果了。

⑵連詞since的意義及句型

Itissometime(一段時間)+since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

=Ithasbeensometime(一段時間)+since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。該固定句型意思是“自從...以來已經(jīng)多長

時間了”

Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceQinghuaUniversitywasfounded.

據(jù)報道,清華大學(xué)建校已有一百多年了。

(3)whether...or(not)...”無論...還是....”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.

無論你是否相信,這都是真的。

【典例分析17](2020全國卷III)

65.heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)

artist,theysmiledand66.pointeddowntheriver.

答案When/As[When/As在句中表示“當(dāng)...時”。]

【典例分析181(2019天津卷改編)

Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents,opinionhewantstheirsupport.

答案unless[句意:湯姆很獨立,除非他想得到父母的支持,否則他從不征求父母的意見。根據(jù)語境可

知,這里用從屬連詞unless“除非”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。J

【典例分析19】(2018北京卷改編)

wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.

答案If[句意:如果我們不能阻止氣候變化,世界上的許多動物和植物將會消失。故用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語

從句。]

【典例分析20](2017北京卷改編)

Ifyoudon^understandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigure

itout.

答案until[句意:如果你不明白某件事情,你可以研究,學(xué)習(xí),也可以與其他人談?wù)劊钡脚靼诪橹埂?/p>

until“直到”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。]

【策略精講】

1

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Mostpeopledreamoflivinginabigexpensivehouse.ButTimSheajustwantedtofindaplace__1

couldbeehishome.

This70yearoldhomelessmanhadspentseveralyearslivingonthestreetsuntilhebecamethefirstresident

ofavillagefilled23Dprintedlittlehouses.

Sheawaschosentobethefirstperson3(move)intomunityFirstVillage,a51acresiteinAustin,

Texas.Thesmallhousesinthevillage,likeShea's400squarefbothome,werebuiltbytheAustinbasedstartup

panyICON.

Lifewasn'teasyforSheabefore4(live)inmunityFirstVillage.HelivedinanRV(野營車)for

mostofhislife.Thismade5(he)stayawayfrompeople.uIthinkfrommy6(person)experienceof

myformerlifestyle,Idevelopedashell,“Sheasaid."Ididn'tfeelsecure(安心的)andanytimeIhadthe

opportunity,Iwouldhide.”

Luckily,7(thing)changedwhenSheagothisnewhouse.Sincethen,hehasbeenmeetingnewpeople

andmakingfriends."NoweverythingIdo8(be)justtheopposite.Ihavemanyactivitiestodoeveryday

withothers,“Sheasaid.

Thehouses9(design)byICONhavesixdifferentlayouts(布局).Sheachoseahomewithanopen

floor.Thisway,10willbeeasierforhimtousehiswheelchair.

2

MeetAlexa,YourDigitalRoommate

WhoisAlexa?SheisadigitalassistantthatispartofthevoiceactivatedEchoDot“smartspeaker“produced

byAmazon.ThisyearSaintLouisUniversityinMissourihasplacedoneofthespeakersineverydorm

room11itscampus.Studentscanaskthevirtualassistantanythingfrom“Whenarethefootballteams

playing?^^to“What'sthesquarerootof1440?”

SLUstudentBrendanMcGuiresaid:"InsteadofsearchingontheInternetwhileI12(tap)awayatmy

puter,IcanjustaskAlexa:HeyAlexa,askSLUwhat'sthemolecular(分子的)weighlofwater?AndIcanhavethe

answerwithout13(interrupt)myprocess.^^That'sexactly14schoolofficialshadinmindwhenthey

decidedtoprovidethesmartspeakersfreeofchargeforstudents.

“Thestudentsweattract15(drive)toachievesuccessinandoutoftheclassroom,DavidHakanson,

SLU'svicepresident,said.uEveryminutewecansaveourstudentsfromhavingtosearchfortheinfoimation

onlineisanotherminute16(mit)totheireducation/

SaintLouisUniversityisthefirstintheU.S.17(include)anEchoDotsmartspeakerineverycampus

livingspace.Othercollegeshavealsofoundwaystoofferthetechnologytostudents.ThisyearNortheastern

UniversityinBostoninstalled60speakersinpublicplaces18studentscouldgetanswerstomon

questions.

AtArizonaStateUniversity,engineeringstudentslivinginthebrandnewresidencehallhavetheoptionof

addinganAmazonEchoDottotheirrooms.t4Ourfbcusisputtingthistechnologyintothehandsofourstudentsin

away19willbuildanecosystem.20supportsvoicetechnologiesthroughouttheASUcampus,“

saidHeredia,adirectoratASU.

3

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Thissummer,haveyoubeensurprisedbywomenwearinghanfu,orHanstyleclothing,atsubwaystations,

shoppingmallsorscenicareas?

In2018,theCentralmitteeofthemunistYouthLeagueofChinasetthe21(three)dayofMarchin

theChineselunarcalendar,22(traditional)thebirthdayoftheYellowEmperorastheannualTraditional

ChineseGarmentDay.Sincethen,23beautyofhanfuhasgainedmoreandmorerecognitionand

acceptancebymonpeople.

Generally,hanfurefers24traditionalChineseclothingwornbytheHanethnic(民族的)groupbefore

theQingDynasty(1644—1911).Historically,HanChineseclothinghasalsoinfluencedsomeofitsneighboring

culturalclothing,25(include)theJapanesekimono,Koreanhanbok,andclothingofMongolia,Vietnam

andBhutan.

Hanfuappearselegantandbeautiful,26isnotonlyduetothethousandsofyearsofculturebehindits

beautifuldesign,butalsobecauseofitsextraordinarycraftsmanship(工藝)3ndaesthetics(美學(xué)).Hanfuincludes

morethan3027(example)ofChina'sintangible(非物質(zhì)的)culturalheritageaswellasChineseartsand

craftsunder28(preserve).

Hanfu29(represent)anaestheticforlivingandacontinuationoftraditionalChineseculture.

Nowadays,moreandmorefashiondesignslooktohanfuforinspiration30(create)theirownbrand.

4

閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。

31(see)fromouterspace,Earthisablueplanet,duetothefactthattheoceancoversover70percentof

itssurface.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalScience,theoceanplaysagreatrolein32

(slow)downglobalwarming.Itis33importantbuffer(緩沖物)34TheNewYorkTimesputit.

Theoceanscanabsorb93percentofthehealtrappedbythegreenhousegases35humansreleaseinto

theatmosphere.Andtheother7percent36(absorb)bytheair,landandicecaps,accordingtotheGuardian.

“Iftheoceanwasn'tabsorbingasmuchheat,thesurfaceofthelandwouldheatupmuch37(fast)

thanitisrightnow,“saidprofessorMalinL.PinskyatRutgersUniversityintheUS."Infact,theoceanissaving

usfromrapidwarmingrightnow.”

However,theoceanitself,asDiscoverMagazinenoted,isheatingup40percentfasteronaveragethanthe

UnitedNations38(believe)fiveyearsago.Thatmeansiftheoceantemperaturesincrease39this

speed,thehighwatertemperatures“willkilloffmarineecosystems,raisesea40(level)andmake

hurricanesmoredestructive(破壞性的)”,theGuardianreported.

5

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since201l,thecountry41(grow)more

cornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover42past25years,whilericehas

increasedonly7percent.

Atasteformeatis43(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeed

chickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcom'srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcom

insteadofrice44(improve)waterquality.Comuses45(little)waterthanriceandcreatesless

fertilizer(化月巴)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased46(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirs

andmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal47(globe)fertilizer

consumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment48

(start)asoiltestingprogram49givesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmersand2011,fertilizeruse

droppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China's

approachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile50(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagriculture

andfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVbegele.

6

Thisbookisabout51(die),butitisnotpessimistic.Indeed,itwasapleasantsurprise52

(find)thatthisbookisfilled53joyandhope.Morrie's54(brave)towardstheendofhislifeis

inspirationalandhasmademevaluemyownlifemore.Infact,farfrombeingabookaboutdeath,it'sabook

aboutlife.55Morriesays,“Onceyoulearnhowtodie,youlearnhow56(live).^^AsMorrie

knowsthatheissoongoingtodie,heobserveseverythingasifitisnew.Thethingsaroundhimlookeven57

(beautiful)thaneverbeforeandholdnew58(mean).Fromhiswindow,hewatcheseachseasonchange,

59(know)itcouldbehislast.Thisencouragesustoappreciate60wehave,andtomakethemost

ofeachday.

7

閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(每空至多3詞)。

Thecavedwelling(YaodonginChinese)inXi'an,ShaanxiProvince,islaidoutinrowsoneatoptheother,

lookinglikebuildingsofmultiplefloorsinthedistance.Itisasortofdistinctivecavehouse61(dig)

intothemountainsfordwellingofmanylaboringpeopleontheLoessPlateauinnorthwestChina.

Acavehouseisusuallysixmetersdeepandfourmeterswide.Stoneslabs(厚板)62(pile)uptoforma

semicircleattheentrance,63isdecoratedwithbeautifulwoodormetalwindowsina64(vary)

ofstyles.Thetypesofthecavedwellingcanbedividedintotheearthcavedwelling,brickcavedwelling65

stonedwelling.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenregarded66thesymbolofthepeasantsinnorthernpartof

ShaanxiProvince.

Thebeautyaboutthecavedwellingis67theyhelpmaintainlocalgeographyandsaveonfarmlands

by68(make)useofspacethatwouldhavebeenotherwiseleftunused.Theyarewarminwinterandcool

insummer.Thetemperatureinsideisusually13degreesCelsiushigherthanintheopeninwinterand10degrees

Celsius69(low)insummer.Statisticsshowthat40millionpeopleliveincavedwellingsthatare

scatteredoveranareaof600,000squarekilometersin70middleandupperreachesoftheYellowRiver.

8

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Sixweeksbeforehis97,hbirthday,GiuseppePaternofulfilledthedreamofalifetime:He71(get)a

universitydegree.

Mr.Paterno^72(graduate)hasinspirednewsreportsaroundtheworld,partlybecause73

hisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofmitment,athemethathasresonated(產(chǎn)生

共鳴)asmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefaceextr

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