中考題型全接觸-名詞復(fù)習(xí)【含答案】

中考題型全接觸基礎(chǔ)題型篇基礎(chǔ)題型一單項選擇§1基礎(chǔ)語法（一）名詞01命題趨勢考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年全國各地中考對名詞的考查主要是詞義辨析及名詞所有格，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則也是各地中考的考點之一。隨著“淡化語法，注重語言運用和交際”這一理念被廣泛認同，預(yù)計年各地中考對名詞辨析的考查將呈上升趨勢。02定義概念清晰化名詞是指人、地點、事物、行為、品質(zhì)、抽象概念、感情等的名稱的詞。名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。專有名詞表示具體的人、事物、地點或機構(gòu)的專有名稱(如：Beijing，China，Jack)。普通名詞表示某類人或某類事物的名稱。普通名詞又可分為個體名詞(表示單個的人或事物，如：astronaut，building等)、集體名詞(表示一群人或一些事物的總稱，如：family，group等)、物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，如：water，rice等)和抽象名詞(表示抽象概念的詞，如：health，education等)。一般地說，個體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)的，稱為可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，稱為不可數(shù)名詞，通常只有單數(shù)，但在某些具體情況下也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。03知識歸類知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)化?可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞分類圖解可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞分單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式desk→desksbus→buses沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式teameat前面可用基數(shù)詞、不定冠詞修飾threeboys;anorange不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞直接修飾，若表示數(shù)量可用“單位詞+不可數(shù)名詞”apieceofpaper;twocupsoftea可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)前可用many,some,any修飾manyteachers;somefriends可用much,some,any修飾muchbread;somemilk特例清單◎有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，又是不可數(shù)名詞，但意義有所不同。如：work(工作)—awork(著作)glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)—apaper(報紙；文件；試卷)tea(茶)—atea(一種茶)(表示種類)wood(木頭)—awood(小樹林)room(空間)—aroom(房間)chicken(雞肉)—achicken(小雞)light(光，光線)—alight(電燈)fish(魚肉)—fishes(各種各樣的魚)exercise(鍛煉，運動)—exercises(習(xí)題)life(生活)—lives(生命)orange(橘子汁)—anorange(橘子)time(時間)—times(倍，次數(shù))hand(幫助)—ahand(手)radio(無線電)—aradio(收音機)【題組訓(xùn)練】()1.(襄陽)—Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?—My_______istobecomeanastronaut.A.hobbyB.dreamC.jobD.advice()2.(涼山)—Whereareyougoing，Sam?—Thereisn’tany______inthefridge.I’llgoandbuysome.A.vegetablesB.beefC.eggsD.money()3.(揚州)—Whatagood_____you’vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice()4.(烏魯木齊)—Ihavegreat_____inlearningphysicsandIamsoworried.Couldyouhelpme?—Sure，I’dbegladto.A.interestB.funC.questionD.trouble()5.(菏澤)Myteachergavememuch_____onhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenIhadsometrouble.A.adviceB.questionC.suggestionD.problem?可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分類圖解情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-scap→caps;dog→dogs;bike→bikes;driver→drivers以字母s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾加-esbus→buses;wish→wishes;watch→watches;box→boxes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加-eslady→ladies;century→centuries;family→families;story→stories以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f,fe為v，再加-esleaf→leaves;life→lives;half→halves;knife→knives以o結(jié)尾o前為輔音音素時加-es,o前為元音音素時加-s。tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes;potato→potatoes;radio→radios;zoo→zoos;例外，photo→photos;piano→pianos復(fù)合名詞將后一個詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)tooth-brush→tooth-brushes;film-goer→film-goers兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)mandoctor→mendoctors;womanteacher→womenteachers特殊名詞改變內(nèi)部元音字母foot→feet;tooth→teeth;man→men;mouse→mice詞尾加-renchild→children單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese→Chinese;sheep→sheep;deer→deer特例清單1.“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。如：five-year-old5歲大的；afive-poundnote一張5英鎊的紙幣asix-foot-deephole一個6英尺深的洞aten-story-highbuilding一幢10層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本2英寸厚的字典a100-meterrace一場百米賽跑2.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，有的作單數(shù)使用，有的作復(fù)數(shù)使用。(1)以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科類名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞。如：maths,physics,politics等。(2)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，其形式上可數(shù)，若表達具體數(shù)目時，要借助數(shù)量詞pair來表示，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：apairoftrousers一條褲子。(3)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名、劇名、報紙、雜志名詞，看作單數(shù)名詞。如：TheNewYorkTimes(《紐約時報》)；TheArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)(4)以-s結(jié)尾表示國家、組織或公司名稱的專有名詞，通常被看做單數(shù)。如：theUnitedStates(美利堅合眾國)；theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國)(5)以-s結(jié)尾表示群島、山脈、瀑布等自然景觀的專有名詞，通常被看做復(fù)數(shù)。如：theHuangguoshuFalls(黃果樹瀑布)；theOlympicGames(奧林匹克運動會)(6)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分為兩種：一是只將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式；二是如果是man，woman與其他名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞，那么兩個名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees;awomanteacher→somewomenteachers【題組訓(xùn)練】()6.(廣安)—Howmany______arethere?—Aboutfifty.A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomato()7.(內(nèi)江)Youcanfindmany_______aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.A.newsB.picturesC.ticketsD.information()8.(永州)—Whose_______arethese?—IthinktheyareJohn’s.A.keyB.keiesC.keys()9.(茂名)Inautumntherearealotof_____ontheground.A.leafB.leafsC.leaves()10.(賀州)—Whatkindofporridgewouldyoulike，Alice?—Iwouldlike.A.eggporridgeB.eggsporridgeC.fishporridgesD.fishesporridge?不可數(shù)名詞的計量分類圖解類型英語漢譯例子個數(shù)單位詞piece張apieceofadvice;twopiecesofadvicedrop滴adropofink;threedropsofinkpile堆apileofwood;fourpilesofwood容器單位詞cup杯acupofcoffee;sevencupsofcoffeeglass(玻璃)杯aglassofmilk;eightglassesofmilkbottle瓶abottleofjuice;ninebottlesofjuicebox盒、箱aboxofchalk;tenboxesofchalkbag袋abagofflour;elevenbagsofflour度量衡單位詞pound磅apoundofmeat;fourteenpoundsofmeatkilo公斤akiloofoil;twokilosofoil特列清單1.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時，可用alotof，much，little，alittle，some，no等修飾。如：Iwantsomewater.我想要一些水。2.不可數(shù)名詞表示一定的數(shù)量時，可借助可數(shù)名詞，用“a+可數(shù)名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時，把可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Heneedstwopiecesofpaper.他需要兩張紙?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】()11.(達州)—AfterP.E.，Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysome_____todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas()12.(綏化)Johndidn’tfindmuch_____abouttheaccident.A.newsB.answerC.article()13.(廣州)YesterdayfordinnerIhadapieceofbeef，vegetablesand_______.A.somericeB.afewriceC.alittlericesD.arice()14.(益陽)Pleasegivemesome____onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.planB.informationC.advice()15.(黃岡)—Whatwouldyouliketodrink，girls?—_______，please.A.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwoglassesofwaterD.Twocupsofteas?名詞所有格分類圖解類型構(gòu)成方法例子有生命的名詞(人或動物)在詞尾加’sTom’sbook;thegirl’sear-ring;thedog’sears;thehero’sname以s,es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加’thestudents’desks;theworkers’tools;theteachers’office不以(e)s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’smen’sclothes;Children’sDay;Women’sDay;sheep’swool無生命的名詞時間、世界、國家、城市等一般在詞尾加’sChina’scapital;Chengdu’sindustries;theworld’spopulation;today’snews其他一般用of結(jié)構(gòu)thedooroftheroom;amapoftheworld;thelegsofthetables;awayoflife特列清單1.用and連接兩個并列名詞的所有格：(1)當(dāng)and連接的兩個并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時，只在最后一個名詞后加’s。如：Maryandhersister’sbedroom瑪麗和她姐姐共有的臥室；LilyandLucy’smother莉莉和露西的媽媽。(2)當(dāng)and連接的兩個并列名詞表示分別擁有各自的物品時，兩個名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關(guān)系。如：Tom’sandMary’sbags湯姆和瑪麗他們各自的包。2.表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時，常在表示職業(yè)的名詞或是姓氏后加上’s代表場所。如：atailor’s裁縫鋪；abarber’s理發(fā)店；adoctor’s診所；mysister’s我姐姐的家；astationer’s文具店；Chaplin’s卓別林的家。3.所有物+of+’s結(jié)構(gòu)或所有物+of+名詞性物主代詞=雙重所有格。如：afriendofmyfather’s我父親的一個朋友apenofmine我的一支鋼筆【題組訓(xùn)練】()16.(綏化)InChina，wecelebrate_____DayonJune1st，_____DayonSeptember，10th.A.Children’s;Teacher’sB.Children;TeachersC.Children’s;Teachers’()17.(賀州)—Who’sthatgirloverthere?—Julia，sheisastudentof______.A.myfathers’B.myfatherC.myfathersD.myfather’s()18.(曲靖)Knowledgecanhelpopenupthe_____eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.A.students’B.student’sC.studentsD.student’()19.(廣東)Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_____Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s()20.(長沙)—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No，it’smy_______.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother’sC.brothers’04整合集訓(xùn)反饋層級化()1.Thetwomodelplanesonthetableare____.A.thetwins’B.thetwin’sC.twinsD.twin’s()2.It’scommon_______thatkangaroosliveinAustralia.A.informationB.knowledgeC.directionD.instruction()3.Ahuman________candosomethingsbetterthanacomputer,forexample,itcancreateanewidea.A.headB.bodyC.brainD.arm()4.InEngland,if_____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner()5.—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh,she’s______grandmother.A.TomandMike’sB.Tom’sandMike’sC.Tom’sandMikeD.TomandMike()6.—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?—No,it’sabout_______.A.8minuteswalkB.8minutewalkC.8minutes’walkD.8minute’swalk()7.Look!The________areplayingfootballontheplaygroundnow.A.boy’sstudentB.boystudentC.boysstudentD.boystudents()8.ItiswellknownthatMr.Smithisagoodfriendof_______.A.Tom’suncle’sB.Tom’suncleC.uncle’sofTomD.uncleofTom’s()9.Wehaveno______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomecucumbers,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.eggsC.meatD.fruit()10.Therestaurantissopopularhere.Look,therearesomany________here.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter()11.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women()12.—IwanttobuythebookTheTransparentCarrotbyMoYan.Doyouknowits__________?—Notreally.Maybe25yuan.A.coverB.sizeC.colorD.price()13.—Canyougetapianoforme,dear?—Butthereisn’tenough______foritinourhouse.A.placeB.floorC.roomD.ground()14.Listen!Agroupof_____aretalkingabouttwo_____.A.Frenchmans;GermanB.Germans;FrenchmansC.Frenchmen;GermansD.German;Frenchmen()15.Hisfatherisnotan_____doctorbuta_____doctor.A.animal’s;children’sB.animal;childrenC.animal’s;childrenD.animal;children’s()16.Ifyouworkhard,you’llgetgood__________.A.gradesB.notesC.lessonsD.answers()17.—Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?—Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare_________.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers()18.—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat’swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe______ofeatingbadfood.A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.end()19.Afterathree-dayheavyra