2024年上海專用英語近兩年名校聯考模擬題04 閱讀理解（說明文）（解析版）

專題04閱讀理解（說明文）（解析版）

目錄

1.上海市格致中學2023-2024學年高三試卷

2.上海市盧灣高級中學2023年高三英語模擬考試

3.上海市楊浦區(qū)同濟大學第一附屬中學2023年高三試題

4.上海市寶山區(qū)2023年高三區(qū)統考試卷

5.上海市格致中學2023-2024學年高三試題

6.上海市控江中學2023年學高三試卷

7.上海市涌東新區(qū)新川中學2023年高三試題

8.上海市大同中學校考開學2023年高三試卷

9.上海市同濟大學第一附屬中學2023年高三試題

1（）.上海市吳淞中學2023年高三調研試卷

1.【上海市格致中學2023?2024學年高三試卷】

Mostmanagerscanidentifythemajortrendsoftheday.Butinthecourseofconductingresearchinanumber

ofindustriesandworkingdirectlywithcompanies,wehavediscoveredthatmanagersoftenfailtorecognizethe

lessobviousbutprofoundwaysthesetrendsareinfluencingconsumers'aspirations,attitudes,andbehaviors.This

isespeciallytrueoftrendsthatmanagersviewasperipheraltotheircoremarkets.ExpertsfromHarvardBusiness

Schoolgivesomeadvicetomanagers.

Onestrategy,knownas'infuseandaugment9,istodesignaproductorservicethatkeepsmostofthe

attributesandfunctionsofexistingproductsinthecategorybutaddsothersthataddresstheneedsanddesires

unleashedbyamajortrend.AcaseinpointisthePoppyrangeofhandbags,whichthefirmCoachcreatedin

responsetotheeconomicdownturnof2008.TheCoachbrandhadbeenasymbolofwealthandluxuryfornearly

70years,andthemostobviousreactiontothedownturnwouldhavebeentolowerprices.However,thatwould

haveriskedcheapeningthebrand'simage.Instead,theyinitiatedaconsumer-researchprojectwhichrevealedthat

customerswereeagertoliftthemselvesandthecountryoutoftoughtimes.Usingtheseinsights,Coachlaunched

thelower-pricedPoppyhandbags,whichwereinbrightcolors,andlookedmoreyouthfulandplayfulthan

conventionalCoachproducts.Creatingthesub-brandallowedCoachtoavoidanacross-the-boardpricecut.In

contrasttothemanycompaniesthatrespondedtotherecessionbycuttingprices,Coachsawthenewconsumer

mindsetasanopportunityforinnovationandrenewal.

Amoreradicalstrategyis'combineandtranscend,.Thisinvolvescombiningaspectsoftheproduct's

existingvaluepropositionwithattributesaddressingchangesarisingfromatrend,tocreateanovelexperience-

onethatmaylandthecompanyinanentirelynewmarketspace.Atfirstglance,spendingresourcestoincorporate

elementsofaseeminglyirrelevanttrendintoone'scoreofferingssoundslikeit'shardlyworthwhile.Butconsider

Nike'smovetointegratethedigitalrevolutionintoitsreputationforhigh-performanceathleticfootwear.In2006,

theyteamedupwithtechnologycompanyAppletolaunchNike+,adigitalsportskitcomprisingasensorthat

attachestotherunningshoeandawirelessreceiverthatconnectstotheuser'siPod.BycombiningNike'soriginal

valuepropositionforamateurathleteswithonefordigitalconsumers,theNike+sportskitandwebinterface

movedthecompanyfromafocusonathleticappareltoanewplaneofengagementwithitscustomers.

Onceyouhavegainedperspectiveonhowtrend-relatedchangesinconsumeropinionsandbehaviorsimpact

onyourcategory,youcandeterminewhichofourinnovationstrategiestopursue.Trends-technological,

economic,environmental,social,orpolitical—thataffecthowpeopleperceivetheworldaroundthemandshape

whattheyexpectfromproductsandservicespresentfirmswithuniqueopportunitiesforgrowth.

63.Theunderlinedword“peripheral“inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.

A.marginalB.importantC.subjectD.relevant

64.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,Coachwasanxiousto.

A.followwhatsomeofitscompetitorsweredoing

B.maintainitspricesthroughoutitsrange

C.safeguarditsreputationasamanufacturerofluxurygoods

D.modifytheentirelookofitsbrandtosuittheeconomicclimate

65.WhatdoesthewritersuggestaboutNike'sstrategy?

A.Itwasanextremelyriskystrategyatthetime.

B.itwasastrategythatonlyamajorcompanycouldaffordtofollow.

C.Itwasthetypeofstrategythatwouldnothavebeenpossibleinthepast.

D.Itwasthekindofstrategythatmightappeartohavefewobviousbenefits.

66.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably.

A.KnowingmoreaboutyourcustomersB.Makingthemostoftrends

C.EyesonstrategiesD.Followingtheadvice

【答案】63.A64.C65.D66.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是哈佛商學院的專家給管理者們提出的利用趨勢的兩種策略。

63.詞句猜測題。根據第一段的"wehavediscoveredthatmanagersoftenfailtorecognizethelessobviousbut

profoundwaysthesetrendsareinfluencingconsumers5aspirations,attitudes,andbehaviors（我們發(fā)現，管理者往

往沒有意識到這些趨勢對消費者的愿望、態(tài)度和行為產生的不那么明顯但深刻的影響）“可知，有些趨勢已

經被邊緣化，劃線詞所在句子的意思是“對于那些被基金經理視為核心市場邊緣的趨勢來說，尤其如此

由此可知，劃線詞peripheral的意思是“邊緣的"，和marginal意思相近，故選A。

64.推理判斷題。根據第二段的“TheCoachbrandhadbeenasymbolofwealthandluxuryfornearly70years,

andthemostobviousreactiontothedownturnwouldhavebeentolowerprices.However,thatwouldhaverisked

cheapeningthebrand'simage.Instead,theyinitiatedaconsumer-researchprojectwhichrevealedthatcustomers

wereeagertoliftthemselvesandthecountryoutoftoughlimes.（近70年來，蔻馳品牌一直是財富和奢侈的象

征，對經濟衰退最明顯的反應應該是降價。然而，這可能會降低該品牌的形象。相反，他們發(fā)起了一個消

費者研究項目，該項目顯示，消費者渴望讓自己和國家走出困境）”可知，Coach急于維護其作為奢侈品制

造商的聲譽。故選C。

65.推理判斷題。根據第三段的“Atfirstglance,spendingresourcestoincorporateelementsofaseemingly

irrelevanttrendintoone'scoreofferingssoundslikeit'shardlyworthwhile.（乍一看，花費資源將看似無關的趨

勢元素整合到自己的核心產品中，聽起來幾乎不值得）”可知，關于耐克的策略，作者暗示的是這種策略似

乎沒有什么明顯的好處。故選D。

66.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“Onceyouhavegainedperspectiveonhowtrend-relatedchanges

inconsumeropinionsandbehaviorsimpactonyourcategory,youcandeteminewhichofourinnovation

strategiestopursue.Trends-technological,economic,environmental,social,orpolitical-thataffecthow

peopleperceivetheworldaroundthemandshapewhattheyexpectfromproductsandservicespresentfirmswith

uniqueopportunitiesforgrowth.（一旦你了解了消費者觀點和行為的趨勢變化對你的產品類別的影響，你就可

以決定我們應該采取哪些創(chuàng)新策略。技術、經濟、環(huán)境、社會或政治等趨勢影響著人們對周圍世界的認知，

塑造了人們對產品和服務的期望，為企業(yè)提供了獨特的增長機會戶可知，本文主要講的是哈佛商學院的專

家給管理者們提出的利用趨勢的兩種策略，因此最好的題目是B選項“Makingthemostoftrends（充分利用

趨勢）:故選B。

2.【上海市盧灣高級中學2023年高三英語模擬考試】

Whenasharpchestpainwokemeuparound3A.M.,Ihadtheobviousquestion:Wasthistruly

panic-worthy?

Ithoughtaboutdialing911,butthenInoticedthat...well,thepainwasontherightsideofmychestrather

thantheleft.Mybreathingwasn'tlabored.Myheartwasn'tbeatingfast.Solikemillionsbeforeme,Icompared

mysymptomswiththoseonthesearchengine.Ontopofthescreenwasanarticleentitled"16CausesofRight

SideChestPain.^^Bingo,Ithought-exceptitwasanad.Imovedontotheactualsearchresults,whichwere

headlined"17CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChest"and"26CausesofChestPain&Tightness.^^WhenI

gotto"3TypesofChestPainThatWon'tKillYou,,,Istartedwondering:Whatwerealltheseweirdarticles?

Thetitleswereaboutmakinguseofsearchengine'salgorithm（算7去）tograbpeople'sattentionattheirweak

moments.Thisiscalledsearch-engineoptimization,orSEO:theartandscienceofengineeringforhigher

placementinthesearchresultsandgettingpeopletoclickonthelinks.Unlikealotof"medicalinfbrmation”

online,SEOitselfisinfactbasedonthescientificmethodcalledstand-out.Wenoticethingsthatstandout-like

oddlyprecisenumbers.

Istillneededinformation,though,soIclickedonaresultfromWebMD.Ihadseenthatsitebefore,andit

didn'tseemlikeitcontainedfakeinformation.IwasbarelyaparagraphortwoinwhenInoticedlinksaboutlung

cancersymptoms.Huh?Lungcanceroftencausesnopainuntilitslaterstages.ThenIrealizedthatthe

informationaboutlungcancerwasanad,butthe"ad"signwasbarelynoticeable.Duringanemergencyitis

obviouslynotthebesttimetoscarepeopleintoclickinglinksforunlikelydiseases.Indeed,ifyouclickedonthese

“l(fā)ungcancersymptoms,“thebrowsertookyoueventuallytoasiteadvertisingalungcancermedicine.Ugh.

Havingmedicalinformationonlinebefinancedbyadvertisersordrugcompanies-orsupplement

manufacturers—iscertainlynothealthy.Theyoftenhaveanincentive（動步L）toscareus.Ifsalose-losesituation.

Sometimeswedoneedtobeworriedandseekmedicalcare.Othertimesit'sjustfearmongeringclicks.Butwho

cantellwhenoneisincrisis?

60.Whentheauthorsearchedhersymptomsonline,shewastryingtofindoutwhether.

A.sheneededtocallforanambulanceimmediately

B.sheshouldvisitamedicalprofessionalforadvice

C.therewasaneffectivemedicineforherchestpain

D.herpainwasasignofsomekindofheartproblem

61.AccordingtoSEO,whichpartofthefollowingarticletitlemakesitstandout?

16CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChestthatWon'tKillYou

A.“16.”B.“CausesofPain.”

C."RightSideoftheChest.^^D.“KillYou.^^

62.WhatisthemainproblemoftheWebMDaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Itsinformationistooscaryandworryingforbrowsers.

B.Itisnotaspecializedwebsiteoflungcancersymptoms.

C.Itisnotdesignedfortreatingemergencysituations.

D.Itisprobablysponsoredbymedicalcompanies.

【答案】60.D61.A62.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。作者根據自己經歷來描述一種互聯網搜索現象，即搜索引擎優(yōu)化，也就是SEO：

在搜索結果中獲得更高位置并讓人們點擊鏈接的工程藝術和科學。

【60題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Solikemillionsbeforeme,Icomparedmysymptomswiththoseonthesearchengine.

Ontopofthescreenwasanarticleentitled"16CausesofRightSideChestPain."Bingo,Ithought-exceptitwas

anad.Imovedontotheactualsearchresults,whichwereheadlined"17CausesofPainintheRightSideofthe

Chest"and"26CausesofChestPain&Tightness."（于是，像我之前的數百萬人一樣，我將自己的癥狀與搜索

引擎上的癥狀進行了比較。屏幕上方是一篇題為“右側胸痛的16種原因”的文章。答對了，我想——只不過

這是個廣告。我接著看實際的搜索結果，標題是“右側胸部疼痛的17個原因”和“胸部疼痛和胸悶的26個原

因"）”可知，作者在網上搜索她的癥狀時、是在查找她胸痛的原因，也就是她的疼痛是某種心臟問題的征兆。

故選D。

[61題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第二段"Unlikealotof''medicalinformation''online,SEOitselfisinfactbasedonthe

scientificmethodcalledstand-out.Wenoticethingsthatstandout—likeoddlyprecisenumbers.（不像網上的彳艮

多“醫(yī)學信息”，SEO本身其實是基于所謂的脫穎而出的科學方法。我們會注意到一些突出的東西——比如

奇怪的精確數字）“可知，根據SEO,以下文章標題的數字會脫穎而出。故選A。

【62題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Istillneededinformation,though,so1clickedonaresultfromWebMD.Ihadseen

thatsitebefore,anditdidn'tseemlikeitcontainedfakeinfonnation.IwasbarelyaparagraphortwoinwhenI

noticedlinksaboutlungcancersymptoms.Huh?Lungcanceroftencausesnopainuntilitslaterstages.ThenI

realizedthattheinformationaboutlungcancerwasanad,butthe"ad"signwasbarelynoticeable.（不過，我仍然

需要一些信息，所以我點擊了WebMD的一個結果。我以前見過那個網站，它看起來不像包含虛假信息。

我剛讀了一兩段，就注意到有關肺癌癥狀的鏈接。嗯？肺癌通常直到晚期才會引起疼痛。然后我意識到，

關于肺癌的信息是一個廣告，但''廣告"的標志幾乎不明顯）”以及最后一"段”Havingmedicalinformationonline

befinancedbyadvertisersordrugcompanies-orsupplementmanufacturers—iscertainlynothealthy.Theyoften

haveanincentive（動機）toscareus.（讓廣告客戶、制藥公司或保健品制造商為網上的醫(yī)療信息提供資金當然

是不健康的。他們常常有嚇唬我們的動機）''可知，作者認為WebMD的主要問題是廣告客戶、制藥公司或

保健品制造商為網上的醫(yī)療信息提供資金當然是不健康的，也就是它可能是由醫(yī)藥公司贊助的。故選D。

3.1上海市楊浦區(qū)同濟大學第一附屬中學2023年高三試題】

In1674GeorgeRavenscroft,anEnglishglassmerchant,wasgrantedapatentforthediscoverymadeathis

factoryinLondonthataddingleadoxide(一氧化鋁)tothemeltresultedinaclearer,moredurableproduct.Thus

wasbornleadcrystal,andwithitthefashion,inEngland,ofdrinkingwinefromglassvesselsratherthan,say,

metalones.

IBottomsup

CapacityofwineglassesinEngUnd,ml

：800

，1600

1d…

弟刈

'''IL|1一0

17001M019002000

Source：SXJ

Wineglasseshaveevolvedsincethen,ofcourse,andoneaspectofthisevolutionisofparticularinterestto

TheresaMarteauandhercolleaguesintheBehaviourandHealthResearchUnitatCambridgeUniversity.Dr

Marteaususpectedthatglasseshavegotbiggerovertheyears,andthatthismayhavecontributedtotheincreased

drinkingofwineinBritain-anincreasethathasbeenparticularlymarkedinrecentdecades.

AstheyreportintheBMJ,amedicaljournal,sheandherteamobtaineddataonglassvolumesgoingbackto

about1700fromsourcesincludingtheRoyalHouseholdandtheAshmolean,theuniversitymuseumof

Cambridge'sarch-rival,Oxford.Altogether,theyrecordedthecapacityof411glassesand,asthechartshows,

therehasindeedbeenanear-continuoustendencyforthatcapacitytoincreasesinceRavenscroftday(hediedin

1683).Thereisalsoanotableaccelerationoftheprocessstartinginabout1990.Inall,theaveragecapacityofa

wineglassincreasedfrom66mlinthe1700stoalmost450mlin2016-17.

Thatthisvolumetricinflationhasstimulatedwineconsumption-DrMarteau^secondhypothesise^)—is

hardtoprove.Butitmayhavedone.TheamountofwinedrunkinBritainhasrisenmorethansevenfoldsince

1960,whilethepopulationhasgrownbyonly25%.Datacollectedbetween1978and2005byBritain'sOfficeof

NationalStatisticssuggesttheproportionofadultsdrinkingwinefellfrom60%to50%overthatperiod,whilethe

averageweeklywineconsumptionofthosewhodiddrinkthestufftripled,whenmeasuredasunitsofalcohol.

Meanwhile,workdesignedtotestdirectlytheideathatglasssizematters,whichDrMarteaupublishedlast

year,producedmixedresults.ShelookedattheconsequencesforwinesalesatabarinCambridgeofservingits

waresinbothbiggerandsmallerglassesthannormal,whilekeepingtheservingsizesonoffer(125mlor175ml,

accordingtocustomerchoice)thesame.Inweekswhenthebiggerglasseswereused,winesaleswentupby9%

onaverage.Thelargervessels,itseemed,wereindeedencouragingcustomerstoorderrefillsmoreoften.Onthe

otherhand,inweekswhenthesizeoftheglasseswasbelownormal,salesdidnotgodown.Reducingglasssizes,

then,doesnotkeeppeoplesober.

63.WhydoesthewritermentionGeorgeRavenscroftspatentinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroduceanimportantchangeinwineglasses.

B.TopayrespecttoasuccessfulEnglishglassmerchant.

C.Toarousereaders?interestinhowwineglassesaremade.

D.Tomakeacomparisonbetweentwowaysofwineproduction

64.Accordingtothepassage,whatisDrMarteau9sfirsthypothesis?

A.Wineconsumptionhasbeengoingupinthelast100years.

B.Thesizeofwineglasseshasbeenincreasingovertheyears.

C.Winebecameamoredurableproductthreehundredyearsago.

D.Wineusedtobedrunkinasmallmetalcontainer.

65.AccordingtoDrMarteau'sresearch,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Today'swineglassesareasbigasthoseintheearly1900s.

B.ThepopulationofBritainhasgrownmorequicklythanwineconsumption.

C.Thosewhodrankconsumedanincreasingamountofwinebetween1978and2005.

D.Theproportionofadultsdrinkingwinehaskeptgoingdownsince1960.

66.Theword“sober”(inthelastparagraph)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.healthyB.considerateC.notviolentD.notdrunk

【答案】63.A64.B65.C66.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹研究發(fā)現酒杯尺寸的增大可能是導致英國葡萄酒消費量增加的原因。

63.推理判斷題。根據第二段“Wineglasseshaveevolvedsincethen,ofcourse,andoneaspectofthisevolutionis

ofparticularinteresttoTheresaMarteauandhercolleaguesintheBehaviourandHealthResearchUnitat

CambridgeUniversily.(當然，從那時起，酒杯就開始進化了，劍橋大學行為與健康研究部的TheresaMarteau

和她的同事們對這種進化的一個方面特別感興趣)"以及“DrMarteaususpectedthatglasseshavegotbigger

overtheyears,andthatthismayhavecontributedtotheincreaseddrinkingofwineinBritain-anincreasethat

hasbeenparticularlymarkedinrecentdecadesZ,（Marteau博士懷疑，隨著時間的推移，玻璃杯變得越來越大，

這可能是導致英國葡萄酒消費量增加的原因——近幾十年來，這種增長尤為明顯。）可知，自從有了玻璃

后，英國的葡萄酒杯越來越大。由此推知，第一段提到提到GeorgeRavenscroft的專利是為了介紹酒杯-

個重要的變化。故選A。

64.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的“DrMarteaususpectedthatglasseshavegotbiggerovertheyears,andthatthis

mayhavecontributedtotheincreaseddrinkingofwineinBritain—anincreasethathasbeenparticularlymarked

inrecentdecades（Marteau博士懷疑，這些年來，玻璃杯越來越大，這可能是英國葡萄酒飲用量增加的原因

之一—近幾十年來，這種增長尤為明顯）“可知，Marteau的第一個假設是這些年來，酒杯的尺寸一直在增

加。故選B。

65.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段的“Datacollectedbetween1978and2005byBritain'sOfficeofNational

Statisticssuggesttheproportionofadultsdrinkingwinefellfrom60%to50%overthatperiod,whiletheaverage

weeklywineconsumptionofthosewhodiddrinkthestufftripled,whenmeasuredasunitsofalcohol.（英國國家

統計局在1978年至2005年間收集的數據表明，在此期間，成年人飲酒的比例從60%下降到50%,而那些

確實飲酒的人的平均每周飲酒量（以酒精為單位）增加了兩倍廣可知，根據Marteau的研究1978年至2005

年間，那些飲酒的人飲酒量越來越大。故選C。

66.詞句猜測題。根據最后一段的"Ontheotherhand,inweekswhenthesizeoftheglasseswasbelownonnal,

salesdidnotgodown.Reducingglasssizes,then,doesnotkeeppeoplesober.（另一方面，在酒杯大小低于正常

尺寸的幾周內，銷售額并沒有下降。那么，減少玻璃杯的尺寸并不能讓人們保持sober）”可知，杯子的尺寸

減小后銷售額并沒有下降，即減少玻璃杯的尺寸并不能讓人們少喝酒或停止喝酒。因此猜測sober意為“少

喝或不喝酒故選D。

4.［上海市寶山區(qū)2023年高三區(qū)統考試卷】

In1823,ayoungwomannoticedastrangefossilonabeachnearLymeRegis,England.Shedugoutthe

bonesandhadthemcarriedtoherhome.Shecarefullyarrangedtheskeletononatable.Thenshesawsomething

extraordinary.Thecreature\neckwasameterlong—morethanhalfthelengthofitsbody.Itwasunlikeany

animallivingonEarth.

Evenatayoungage,MaryAnninghadatalentforspottingunusualorcuriousfossils.Herfatherdiedin

1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingherfossilstocollectors.Ayearlater,agedjust12,she

madeherfirstmajordiscovery—acrocodile-likeskullwithalongskeleton.Itturnedouttobeaseacreaturethat

livedlongago.Namedichthyosaur,or“fish-lizard",itwasthefirstextinctanimalknowntoscience.

Fossilhuntingbroughtinmoney,butitwasadangerousoccupation.Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogand

almostburiedMary.Despitethedangers,shecontinuedtolookfornewfinds.Thelong-neckedfossilshe

uncoveredin1823wasanotherlong-deadseareptile（爬行動物）.Knownasaplesiosaur,itwouldinspirelegends

——includingthatoftheLochNessMonster.Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.It

wasoneofthefirstexamplesofapterosaur—aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.

Marywasnotonlyaskilledfossilhunter;shealsocarefullyexaminedandrecordedherfinds.However,she

receivedlittlecreditfromotherscientists.Onlyoneofherscientificwritingswaspublishedinherlifetime,in

1839.ShewasalsonotallowedtojoinLondon'sGeologicalSociety,asonlymencouldbecomemembers.

MaryAnningdiedin1847,buthercontributionshavenotbeenforgotten.Herfindsarenowdisplayedin

museumsinLondonandParis.ThebeachnearherhomeisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,knownasthe

JurassicCoast.Herlifecontinuestoinspirevisitorshopingtofindtheirownfossilwonders.Accordingto

Britain'sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“thegreatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.She

wasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkaboutlifeonEarth.

36.WhydidMaryAnningstartsellingfossils?

A.Toestablishhernameasascientist.B.Toraisepublicinterestinherarticles.

C.Togainmoneytostartamuseum.D.Toearnmoneytosupportherfamily.

37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMaryAnning?

A.Shepublishedseveralscientificarticlesinherlifetime.

B.Shewasnearlykilledbyarockfallnearthebeach.

C.ShewasamemberoftheLondonGeologicalSociety.

D.Thebeachnearherhomeisnamedafterher.

38.Whatistrueaboutthepterosaurfind?

A.ItlookedsimilartotheLochNessMonster.

B.Itwasthefirstdiscoveryofanextinctanimal.

C.Itshowedthatsomeextinctcreatureshadwings.

D.ItdemonstratedthatMaryAnningwasanexpertinfossilfinds.

39.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?

A.Long-NeckedCreaturesfromthePastB.TheWorld'sGreatestFossilHunter

C.TheDiscoveryoftheFirstPterosaurD.TreasureofFossils

【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位尋找化石的專家MaryAnning的生平事跡。

36.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Herfatherdiedin1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingher

fossilslocolleclors.（她的父親在1810年去世，讓她的家庭負債累累，所以Mary開始把她的化石賣給收藏

家。戶可知，Mary之所以要開始賣化石是因為家中負債累累，她得賣化石養(yǎng)家。故選D。

37.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段“Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogandalmostburiedMary.（一天，落石砸

死了她的狗，差點把Mary埋了。廠可知I,Mary差點被落石砸中活埋。故選B。

38.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.Itwasoneof

thefirstexamplesofapterosaur——aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.（五年后，她發(fā)現了——

塊有翼骨和長尾巴的化石。這是翼龍的首批樣本之一，翼龍是一種數百萬年前消失的飛行生物。）“可知，

翼龍化石的發(fā)現表明了?些已經滅絕的生物是有翅膀的。故選C。

39.主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段“AccordingtoBritain'sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“the

greatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.Shewasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkabout

lifeonEarth.（英國自然歷史博物館稱，MaryAnning是“世界上最偉大的化石獵人”。她還是一位科學家，

她改變了我們對地球生命的看法。）”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了一位尋找化石的專家MaryAnning的生

平事跡。所以“TheWordsGreatestFossilHunter（世界上最偉大的化石獵人）”作為文章標題最為合適。故選

Bo

5.【上海市格致中學2023?2024學年高三試題】

AnewexhibitioninParisaimstoshowhowEnglandinthemiddleageswasverymuchpartofEurope5s

dynamicart,architectural,tradeandculturescenebetweenAD1000andAD1500.

Organizerssaidtheeventwoulddiscreditthe“popularperception^^-mainlyacrosstheChannel-that

medievalEnglandwas''primitiveandbarbaric”,whileFranceandpartsofEuropeenjoyedagothiczenith.

JamesRobinson,theexhibitioncurator,saidtherehadbeena“reassessment”ofEngland'scontributionto

Europeanartinthemiddleagesoverthepasthalfacentury.urdliketoblowapartthepopularperceptionthatthe

middleageswereallaboutpestilence（plague）,theBlackDeathandreligiousrepression,anddemonstratethe

artisticandtechnicalexcellencethatwasevidenthesaid."Whenyoulookattheartworksinthisexhibitionyou

willseesomeofthetruemasterpiecesoftheage.”

Unfortunately,whileFranceandotherEuropeancountrieslargelypreservedtheirmedievaltreasures,

England'sartisticheritagewas^systematicallyandruthlesslydecimated”bythe16th-centuiyReformationand

therevolutionledbyOliverCromwellinthe1640s.TheEnglishReformation,afterHenryVIIIwrestedthe

ChurchofEnglandawayfromtheauthorityoftheCatholicchurchinRome,sawtheking'schiefminister,

ThomasCromwell,closedownthemonasteries,confiscatingtheirrichesandinmanycasesdismantlingthe

buildings.€UAIIthingsofvaluewerespoiled,pluckedawayorutterlydefaced...anditseemedeverypersonwas

intentuponfilchingandspoilingwhathecould,wroteMichaelSherbrook,the16th-centuryrectorofWickersley

nearRocheAbbeyinSouthYorkshire.

AmongtheexhibitsattheParisexhibitionthatopensonFridayareraretreasuresthatescapedthe16th-and

17th-centurypillageanddestruction,includingtheGloucesterCandlestick,theBecketCasket,theClareChasuble,

theLuckofEdenhallandtheSyonCope.MarieLavandier,thepresidentofFrance'sNationalMonumentsCentre,

saidf'TheexhibitionhighlightstheextraordinaryrichnessoftheartisticexchangesthatunitedEnglandwith

continentalEurope.AtthismomentwhenweareinterrogatingourselvesaboutourrelationshipwithEurope,what

theexhibitionisalsodemonstratingisthatwehavealwaysbeencloselytiedtoitintermsofcommerceand

diplomaticrelationships.”

56.What'sthepopularperceptionofEnglandinthemiddleages?

A.Englandwasthecentreofthemedievalculture

B.Englandenjoyedthetoplevelingothicart

C.EnglandlaggedfarbehindFranceandotherpartsofEuropeinart

D.Englandhadtheadvancedandfirst-ratearchitecturethen

57.Whafsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“decimated"inparagraph4?

A.refreshedB.replicatedC.promotedD.undermined

58.FromMichaelSherbrookecommentwecanlearnthat

A.DestructionswereplottedbyFranceandotherEuropeancountries

B.ArtistictreasuressufferedhugelossundertheChurchofEngland

C.Hewastotallyastonishedaboutwhathappened

D.TheCatholicchurchshouldberesponsibleforthewholeevent

59.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.ThechaosmedievalageofEngland

B.TheParisexhibitiondispelsmythof"primitive"Englandinmiddleages

C.HowtoenjoyanewexhibitioninParis

D.AnintroductiontoartisticexchangesinEngland

【答案】56.C57.D58.C59.B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。作者主要介紹了巴黎的一個新展覽，旨在打破人們普遍認為中世紀都是關于瘟

疫、黑死病和宗教鎮(zhèn)壓的看法，并展示顯而易見的藝術和技術卓越。

56.細節(jié)理解題。由文第二段“Organizerssaidtheeventwoulddiscreditthe"popularperception^^-mainlyacross

theChannel-thatmedievalEnglandwas“primitiveandbarbaric"，whileFranceandpartsofEuropeenjoyeda

gothiczenith.”（組織者表示，這場活動將破壞“大眾的看法”——主要是在英吉利海峽對岸——即中世紀的

英格蘭是“原始和野蠻的“，而法國和歐洲部分地區(qū)則享有哥特式的鼎盛時期）可知，在中世紀，人們對英

格蘭的普遍看法