浙江省2023年高三年級(jí)《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期聯(lián)考試題以及參考答案

浙江省湖州市2023年高三《英語(yǔ)》上學(xué)期聯(lián)考試題與參考答案第一部分：聽(tīng)力第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdidRubydo?A.ShehidOwen’shatinashelf.B.ShereturnedthehattoOwen.C.ShestoppedplayingwithOwen.【答案】A【原文】M:Mom,helpme.Rubytookmyfavoritehatandhiditinashelfsomewhereinthehouse.W:HeyRuby.PlaynicelywithOwenorI’llhavetosplityoutwoup.2.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Borrowabook. B.Buyacar. C.Rentclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:I’mlookingforaplacetorentasuit.MyhusbandandIhavesomeweddingstoattendinthearea,soI’mlookingtorentforoneortwomonths.M:There’sashopbesidethecarrentalagency.There’salsooneoppositethebookshop.3.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Inthestreet. B.Inthepoliceoffice. C.Inthedoctor’soffice.【答案】A【原文】W:Somebodyhelp!Thatindividualtookmybagandisrunningaway!Cananyonerunafterhim?M:Areyouhurt,Madam?Donotworry.I’llcatchhim.4.Whatisthedecorationstyleoftheman’shouse?ATraditional. B.Ancient. C.Modern.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,Ilikeyourhouse.Thisisthelateststyleofdecoration,isn’tit?Veryup-to-date.M:Yes,Iappreciatetraditionalhomes,butthatstylewouldn’tworkinaplacelikethis.W:Yes,you’reright.It’smoresuitedtohistoricplaces.5.Whatismostlikelythewoman’sjob?A.Adeliveryperson. B.Arestaurantowner. C.Asupermarketmanager.【答案】B【原文】W:Wemainlypreparetake-awayburgersandsandwiches,butwe’regettingrequeststomakelargerandmorediversemeals.M:Great,I’llhelpexpandyourmenu.Iamgoodatit.Iusedtoworkatafancyrestaurant.W:Thanks.Thenwecanbuysomefreshingredientsinthenearbysupermarket.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whowasthelastpieceofcakefor?A.Theman. B.Thewoman. C.Grandma.7.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Anxious. B.Annoyed. C.Ashamed.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】M:Thatcakewasdelicious.Howcomeyounevermadeonelikethatbefore?W:Youdidn’teatthelastpiece,didyou?M:Yes.DidIdosomethingwrong?W:Youcertainlydid.IwassavingthatpieceforGrandma.ItwasherfavouritetypeofcakeandImadeitespeciallyforher.M:Ohno,I’msosorry.Ihadnoidea.W:I’lljusthavetomakeanotheroneforher.Luckily,itisnothardtodo.M:Ifeelterrible.Iwouldn’thavetoucheditifI’dknown.W:It’salwaysbesttoaskbeforegoingaheadandeatingsomething.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whyisthemanintrouble?A.Hisphoneisoutofbattery.B.He’sneverbeentothecitybefore.C.He’slateforanimportantmeeting.9.Wherewillthemanprobablygofirst?A.Toahotel. B.Tothepostoffice. C.Tothecitylibrary.10.Howmanystopsintotalwillthemantakeonthetrain?A.Three. B.Four. C.Eight.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Allright,Jim.Sinceyourphoneisdead,youwon’thaveaccesstoyourmaps.So,I’llgiveyoudirectionstohelpyougetbacktothehotel.M:I’veonlybeenhereacoupleoftimes—Idon’tknowmywayaround!Plus,Istillneedtogotothepostofficenow.CanIpleaseborrowyourphone?W:Sorry,Jim.I’llneeditforwork.Butdon’tworry,thedirectionsaresimple.Walkoutofmybuildingandturnleft.Thepostofficeisthreestreetsdown—it’soppositethecitylibrary.M:That’seasyenough.Where’sthemetrostation?W:You’llseeitonthecornerofthestreet.GetontheD-LinetrainandtakeitfourstopstoTimesSquareStation.M:Andthen?W:ChangetolineEthereandgofourmorestopsfurther.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whyshopsareathingofthepast.B.Howshopssurviveinthemodernworld.C.Whyshoppingonlineisbetterforpeople.12.WherecanthespeakershearlivemusiconSaturday?A.Atthebank. B.Atthebookshop. C.Atschool.13.Whereisthesportsstorelocated?A.Nexttotheschool. B.Oppositethegym. C.Acrossfromtheclothingstore.【答案】11.B12.B13.A【原文】M:Shopownershavetofindnewwaystoworkinthemodernworld.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Well,alotofpeopleareworkingfromhome,sotherearelesspeoplecomingintotheirstores.W:Soshopsneedtocreateanonlinewebsiteandstore.M:Exactly.Doyouknowwhatelsecanbedone?W:Ihavenoidea.M:Well,somepeoplearechangingtheirstorestootherpurposes.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Likethebookshopnearthebank.Itnowhasacafeinside.Andatweekends,theyhavelivemusic.W:Soithasanumberofdifferentpurposes.M:Exactly.W:Whathappensifashopcan’tservemorethanonepurpose?Likeastorethatsellsclothes?M:Theyjustneedtothinkoutsidethebox.Thesportsstoreneartheschoolhasnowopenedagymonthesecondfloor.W:That’ssmart,sopeoplebuysportswearandequipmentandthenuseit.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.Whendidthemanhavethedreamhedescribes?A.OnWednesday. B.OnTuesday. C.OnMonday.15.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Co-workers. B.Classmates. C.Relatives.16.Whatdoesthewomanhopetodoforaliving?A.Beanastronaut. B.Beateacher. C.Beascientist.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【原文】W:Haveyoueverhaddreamsthatyoucanremember?M:Yes.It’sfunnyyoushouldmentionthat.MostnightsIdreamaboutfootball.That’swhatIdreamedaboutthisMondayandTuesday—butonWednesdayitwassomethingcompletelydifferent.W:Whatwasthat?M:IdreamedIwasanastronaut,landingonMars.W:Thatmusthavebeenfun.M:Itwas,butitwasalsoscary.Ihadtodependonallthetechnologycreatedbyscientistsandcomputerpeople.Ihadtotrustthem,becausemylifedependedonit.W:Anddidyou?M:Yes,that’swhyIwasthereonMars—butitwassomethingIhadneverthoughtofbefore.Ihadtobesuretheyhaddonetheirjobsproperly.W:Wehaveasciencelessonthismorning.Youcantelltheteacheraboutyourdream.M:Maybe.NowIcan’tstopthinkingwhatanimportantjobscientistsdo.W:That’swhatIwanttodoforaliving.Isupposeyouwanttobeanastronaut,doyou?M:IdidbeforeIhadthatdream.NowI’mnotsosure.Itwascertainlyexciting,anditfeltveryreal.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whathavescientistsfound?A.Peoplearekind. B.Goodnessisimportant. C.Kindnesscanbeinfected.18.Howmanystudentshelpedwiththeresearch?A.104. B.114. C.140.19.Whatwerethestudentsrequiredtodointheexperiment?A.Watchvideos. B.Doheroicacts. C.Actinacomedy.20.HowdidDr.SarinaSaturndescribethebrainpatternsshesaw?A.Disappointing. B.Common. C.Unusual.【答案】17C18.A19.A20.C【原文】W:Weallknowthatseeingsomeoneperformanactofkindnesscanwarmyourheart.Itisafeelingmostpeoplehave.Butnowscientistshaveprovedthatkindnessreallyisinfectious.Hereiswhatwasdone.Scientistsfirstfound104collegestudents.Theywerethenaskedtowatchvideos.Thesevideosshowedeitherheroicactsofkindnessorhumoroussituations.Theirbrainactivityandheartratesweremeasuredduringtheexperiment.Theresearchersgottheresults.Whenthestudentswereviewingtheheroicacts,activityinthenervoussystemreachedtothehighestlevel.Whentheywerewatchingtheamusingvideos,therewerenochangesintheirbrain.“Thisisareallyuncommonpattern,”saidDr.SarinaSaturn,apsychologistatOregonStateUniversity.Thismaybebecauseviewingagoodactionrequiresustowitnesssuffering,whichbringsastressresponseandmakesthesympatheticnervoussystembecomeactive.Then,onceweseethesufferingreducedthroughanactofkindness,ourheartfeelscalmedandtheparasympathetic(副交感的)nervoussystembecomesactive.第二部分：閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑，ABACKTOSCHOOLBOOKGUIDEGoingbacktoschoolcaninvolvelotsofnewthings,includinguniforms,topics,teachers,andfriends.Sowhynottrysomenewbooksaswellandmaybefindyournewfavouriteauthortoo.Whetheryouwanttolearnaboutprotectingwildlife,discoversomeamazingweatherfacts,ordiveintoanaction-packedspymission,thisbacktoschoolbookguidehassomethingforyou.Clickheretogetadiscount.WhiletheStormRagesbyPhilEarleAturningadventuretomakeyoulaughandcry.NoahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.AnexcitingwartimenovelthatpacksanemotionalpunchfromthebestsellingauthorofWhentheSkyFalls.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!Written&illustratedbyNadiaShireenAfunnyandsillynewGrimwoodadventure!FoxcubsiblingsTedandNancylovetheirnewlifeinGrimwood.ButthecruelmayorofTwinklenutsisonamissiontotakeitoverandkickeveryoneout.CanGrimwood’streebonkingskillssavethehometheylove?Amust-readforDogManandDavidWalliamsfans.AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire!bySarahToddTaylorBakerbyday,spybynight—AliceEclairleadsanexcitingdoublelife!AmysteriousmessagesendsAliceonamissionaboardFrance’smostfascinatingtrain.Shemustuncoveranenemyagentwhilebakingdesserts,armedonlywithherwhisk,wits,andwilltosucceed.Weather,Camera,ActionbyLiamDuttonDiscoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.21.Whichofthebooksmightinterestanimalprotectorsmost?A.WhiletheStormRages. B.Grimwood:LettheFurFly!C.AliceEclair,SpyExtraordinaire! D.Weather,Camera,Action.22.WhatmightbeincludedinthebookWeather,Camera,Action?A.Howtheatmospherewasformed. B.Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.C.Howtobeafamousmeteorologist. D.Whattopresentinaweatherforecast.23.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Abrochure.C.Amagazine. D.Aguidebook.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhiletheStormRages”下的詳細(xì)介紹的第二句“NoahandhisfriendsfighttosaveanimalsfrombeingputdownattheoutbreakofWWII.(Noah和他的朋友們?cè)诙?zhàn)爆發(fā)時(shí)為拯救動(dòng)物而戰(zhàn)。)”可知這本書(shū)講述了保護(hù)動(dòng)物的故事，所以這本書(shū)可能是動(dòng)物保護(hù)者最感興趣的書(shū)。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Weather,Camera,Action”詳細(xì)介紹中的第二句“Discoverhurricanes,duststorms,volcaniclighteningandmore,allthroughthecameralensofTVweatherpresenterandworld-famousmeteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)LiamDutton.Thisadventurethroughtheatmosphereshowsoffthesplendorofourskiesintheirwildestandmostdramaticstatesanduncoversthesciencebehindweatherevents.(通過(guò)電視天氣節(jié)目主持人、世界著名氣象學(xué)家LiamDutton的鏡頭，探索颶風(fēng)、沙塵暴、火山閃電等。這次穿越大氣層的冒險(xiǎn)展示了我們的天空在它們最狂野和最戲劇性的狀態(tài)下的壯麗，并揭示了天氣事件背后的科學(xué)。)”可知這本書(shū)展現(xiàn)了各種天氣狀態(tài)下的天空，并揭示了各種天氣事件后的科學(xué)，所以B選項(xiàng)“Whattheskylookslikeinstorms.(暴風(fēng)雨中的天空是什么樣子的。)”在書(shū)中可能會(huì)看到。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Clickheretogetadiscount.(點(diǎn)擊這里獲得折扣。)”可知這篇文章來(lái)自網(wǎng)站。故選A。BBornonherfamily’sfarminRay,NorthDakota,MaryShermanMorganhadbeenhelpingherfatherwithfarmworkbeforeshecouldattendthesmall-townschoolhouse.Beingafewyearsbehinddidn’tholdherbackandshegraduatedfromhighschoolwithhonors.Awareofherintelligence,sheranawayfromRaytoattendMinotStateUniversityasachemistrymajor,whereherskillwasevident.TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進(jìn)劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.However,neverhavingreturnedtocompleteherdegree,shewasnotaffordedtherankorhigherpayofanengineer,eventhoughshehadalltheskillsandknowledgeofone.HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飛行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.ThefuelmadethefirstsuccessfulUSsatellitelaunchpossible,evenifMorgansilentlyslippedawayfromhersuccess,retiringtofocusonherfamilyandleavingherchemistrycareerbehind.24.WhatdoweknowaboutMary?ASheattendedschoolwhilehelpingwithfarmwork.B.Shewasofferedajobasachemistryanalystaftergraduation.C.Sheshiftedherworkingfocusasthedomesticdemandchanged.D.ShelaunchedthefirstUSsatellitebeforeretiringfromhercareer.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aeronautics”probablymean?A.Analyzingchemicals. B.Producingexplosives.C.Mixingandsavingfuels. D.Designingandbuildingaircraft.26.WhatmadeMarythetechnicalleadontheprojectofNAA?A.HerdiscoveryofHydyne. B.Herrankasanengineer.C.Herspecialknowledgeinfuels. D.Hersenseofnationalpride.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaryShermanMorgan?A.Caringanddetermined. B.Courageousandcreative.C.Intelligentbutsensitive. D.Accomplishedbutproud.【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.B【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIresultedinanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致全國(guó)化學(xué)家和科學(xué)家短缺。盡管她仍然是一名學(xué)生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她獲得了一份化學(xué)分析師工作，為戰(zhàn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)炸藥。她暫時(shí)擱置了學(xué)位，搬到了俄亥俄州，從事分析不穩(wěn)定化學(xué)物質(zhì)以生產(chǎn)武器的危險(xiǎn)工作。”以及第四段的第一、二句“HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.(她在推進(jìn)劑方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)意味著，當(dāng)NAA的任務(wù)是找到一種能夠?qū)⒅匦略O(shè)計(jì)的Redstone導(dǎo)彈送入太空的燃料時(shí)，莫根被任命為該項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根著手研究燃料。)”可知Mary工作重心是隨著國(guó)內(nèi)需求的變化而轉(zhuǎn)移。故選C?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進(jìn)劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，對(duì)炸藥的需求下降了，所以她轉(zhuǎn)到aeronautics領(lǐng)域，到加利福尼亞為北美航空公司工作。作為900名工程師中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一個(gè)涉及計(jì)算火箭推進(jìn)劑性能和設(shè)計(jì)用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的職位。)”以及最后一段第一句“HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飛行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.(Hydyne在Redstone導(dǎo)彈和隨后的其他飛行器上測(cè)試良好，如Jupiter-C火箭，證明是一個(gè)快速進(jìn)入太空的解決方案，而無(wú)需全面重新設(shè)計(jì)火箭。)”可知MaryShermanMorgan進(jìn)入的是航空航天領(lǐng)域，所以D選項(xiàng)“Designingandbuildingaircraft(設(shè)計(jì)和制造航天器)”符合詞義。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推進(jìn)劑)anddesigningspecialityfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.(作為900名工程師中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一個(gè)涉及計(jì)算火箭推進(jìn)劑性能和設(shè)計(jì)用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的職位。)”和第四段第一句“HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Moganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.(她在推進(jìn)劑方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)意味著，當(dāng)NAA的任務(wù)是找到一種能夠?qū)⒅匦略O(shè)計(jì)的Redstone導(dǎo)彈送入太空的燃料時(shí)，莫根被任命為該項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人。)”可知是在燃料方面的專業(yè)知識(shí)讓Mary成為NAA項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)負(fù)責(zé)人。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.(她暫時(shí)擱置了學(xué)位，搬到了俄亥俄州，從事分析不穩(wěn)定化學(xué)物質(zhì)以生產(chǎn)武器的危險(xiǎn)工作。)”和第四段的最后一句“Aftercountlesstrails,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.(經(jīng)過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次的嘗試，她終于設(shè)計(jì)了自己的混合物，并命名為Hydyne。)”可知Mary勇敢且具有創(chuàng)造性。故選B。CScientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”,isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿).ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and,basedonevidencefromitssurroundings,wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists,becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans,thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason,scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis,asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago,wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles,ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana,US,usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射線)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied,thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear;thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherock(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives,sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However,teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears,atonly2,500milesaway,thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B.Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C.Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D.Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.29.Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”?A.Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B.Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C.Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D.Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.30.Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A.ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B.MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C.Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D.Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HistoricalPuzzleUnsolved B.AncestorMysterySolvedC.MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeing D.MrsPles:AFamousSkull【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是科學(xué)家們解開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)著名的人類(lèi)祖先頭骨比專家們認(rèn)為的要早100萬(wàn)年。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了我們對(duì)人類(lèi)歷史的認(rèn)識(shí)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科學(xué)家們解開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)著名的人類(lèi)祖先頭骨比專家們認(rèn)為的要早100萬(wàn)年)”和第二段的“Theskull,whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”(這個(gè)被科學(xué)家命名為“Ples夫人”的頭骨)”可知，“Ples夫人”比科學(xué)家預(yù)期的要早100萬(wàn)年。故選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks,whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicraysonEarth’ssurface.(他們測(cè)量了巖石中某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量，當(dāng)它們暴露在地球表面的宇宙射線中時(shí)，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)以穩(wěn)定的速度形成)”可知，科學(xué)家通過(guò)測(cè)量化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量來(lái)得到“Ples夫人”的準(zhǔn)確年齡。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inotherwords,thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet,hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.(換句話說(shuō)，這兩個(gè)群體很容易相遇，一起生兒育女，都是現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)歷史的一部分)”可知，我們能從這項(xiàng)新研究中推斷出來(lái)自非洲的類(lèi)人猿物種可能相互交流。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans,afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.(科學(xué)家們解開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)著名的人類(lèi)祖先頭骨比專家們認(rèn)為的要早100萬(wàn)年)”可知，本文主要講的是科學(xué)家們解開(kāi)了一個(gè)關(guān)于現(xiàn)代人的謎題，研究表明，在南非發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)著名的人類(lèi)祖先頭骨比專家們認(rèn)為的要早100萬(wàn)年，因此最好的題目是B選項(xiàng)“AncestorMysterySolved(祖先之謎已解)”。故選B。DHaveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,“WhatwasIgoingtodo?”Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa“mentalblock”inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.AnewresearchledbypsychologistOliverBaumannfromBondUniversityinAustraliasuggeststhatit’snotsomuchthedoorwaysthatcauseamemorywipe,asmovingfromonelocationtoasignificantlydifferentone—it’stheabruptchangeofscenethatpreparesourmindsforsomethingnew.“Agoodexampleismovingaroundinadepartmentstore,”saysBaumann,“Takingtheelevatorbetweenfloorsmayhavenoeffectonourmemory,butmovingfromthestoretotheparkinglotmightcauseustoforgetsomethingthatweneedtobuy.”Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.Inotherwords,walkingthroughopendoorsisthoughttoresetmemorytomakeroomforanewepisode.Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!32.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybe“doorwayeffect”?A.Youmissedacallandforgottoringback.B.Youreadabookandforgetwhatitisabout.C.Youenteredtheofficeandforgotwhattoget.DYousawamanyearsagoandforgetwhoheisnow.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Allmemoriesarelinkedinthebrain.B.Memoriesareclearlyseparatedinthebrain.C.Notallthememoriescanbefoundinthebrain.D.Memoriesarestoredinparticularsectionsofthebrain.34.WhatcanweinferfromBaumann’sresearch?A.Takinganelevatorstimulatesnewmemory.B.Walkingthroughopendoorsresultsinmemoryloss.C.Asuddenchangeofthesceneboostsintelligencedevelopment.D.Anoverloadedbrainincreasesthepossibilityofdoorwayeffect.35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“doorwayeffect”?A.Insignificant. B.Beneficial.C.Influential. D.Damaging.【答案】32.C33.C34.D35.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了門(mén)口效應(yīng)（doorwayeffect）以及其產(chǎn)生的原因?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverwalkedthroughadoorandthoughttoyourself,‘WhatwasIgoingtodo?’Ifyouhave,youarenotalone.Psychologistsbelievethatwalkingthroughadoorandenteringanotherroomcreatesa‘mentalblock’inthebrain.Thisisgenerallyreferredtoasthedoorwayeffect.(你有沒(méi)有穿過(guò)一扇門(mén)，心中在想：‘我是要去干什么？’如果你有，你并不孤單。心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，穿過(guò)一扇門(mén)進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間會(huì)在大腦中造成‘精神障礙’。這通常被稱為門(mén)口效應(yīng))”可知，進(jìn)入一個(gè)房間忘記自己要做的事情被稱作門(mén)口效應(yīng)。故選C。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Intheearlyyearsofbrainresearch,scientiststhoughtthathumanmemorywaslikeacloset,withmanysectionsinwhichwecouldstorelittleboxesofexperiencesfromourlives.Boxeswouldremainthereforever,andwheneverwehadtolookintothem,wecouldjustgotothatparticularsectionandfindthatboxofmemory.(在早期的大腦研究中，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的記憶就像一個(gè)壁櫥，有很多區(qū)域，我們可以在其中存儲(chǔ)我們生活中的經(jīng)歷。盒子會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)留在那里，每當(dāng)我們需要查看它們的時(shí)候，我們就可以去那個(gè)特定的區(qū)域，找到那個(gè)記憶盒子)”以及第三段中的“Beautifulasthisdescriptionofhumanmemoryformationsounds,itisnottrue.Ourbrainismuchmorecomplexthanthat.Psychologicalstudiessuggestthatourmemoriesareepisodic(情節(jié)性的)ingeneral.Ifyouthinkbackonanything,you’llprobablyquicklyrealizeourmemoriesdon’tfunctionasclearnarratives.Instead,they’remoreepisodicanddividedintoparts.(這個(gè)關(guān)于人類(lèi)記憶形成的描述聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美，但它是不真實(shí)的。我們的大腦比這復(fù)雜的多。心理學(xué)研究表明，我們的記憶通常是情節(jié)性的。如果你回想什么事情，你可能很快就會(huì)意識(shí)到我們的記憶并不是清晰的敘事。相反，它們更有情節(jié)性，被分成了多個(gè)部分)”可知，并不是所有的記憶都是可以在大腦中找到的。故選C。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Baumannalsopointsoutthatabusyandperhapsoverloadedbraindoesseemtoplaysomepartinthisphenomenon.(Baumann還指出，一個(gè)忙碌且可能超負(fù)荷的大腦似乎確實(shí)在這種現(xiàn)象中發(fā)揮了一些作用)”可知，超負(fù)荷的大腦會(huì)增加門(mén)口效應(yīng)的可能性。故選D。【35題詳解】推理判斷題，根據(jù)最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatexperiencingsuchforgettableepisodesafterenteringanotherroomdoesnottellyouanythingaboutyourmemoryandintelligence.Sowhenyouenteraroomandsuddenlyforgetwhyyouarethere,youshouldnotthinkthatAlzheimer’sdiseaseiscreepinguponyou!(好消息是，在進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間后經(jīng)歷這種遺忘的插曲不會(huì)告訴你任何關(guān)于你的記憶力和智力的事情。所以，當(dāng)你走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間，突然忘記了自己為什么在那里時(shí)，你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為阿爾茨海默病正在悄悄靠近你！)”可知出現(xiàn)門(mén)口效應(yīng)并不表示記憶力或智力出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有什么影響。故選A。第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtostopglassesfoggingupwithafacemaskWearingamaskkeepsyousafeduringthepandemic,butitcomewithitsownsetofchallenges.And,oneofthebiggestdrawbacksofwearingamaskishowmuchyourglassesfogupandaffectyourvision.Takingoffyourglassestowipethemcleaneachtimeitfogsupisnotonlyfrustrating,butitcanalsoincreasetheriskofinfection.___36___Herearesometrickstostopit.Twistyourmaskstrings.Fromtheside,onceyoutwistit,thestringswilllooklikethefigureeight.Thisisgreatforstoppingfoggingbecauseitredirectsyourbreathbyputtingslightdownwardpressureonthetoppartofthemask.___37___Thismayleaveyouinfectedbyvirus.___38___Ifyouwashyourglasseswithsoap,thiscreatesathinfilmonyourlenseswhichlimitsfogging.Useafragrance-freesoapandmixitwithwarmwater.Putyourglassesinitandletitairdry.Whenyouwearyourglassesnext,soapmoleculesonyourlensesshouldblockfogging.Usetissues