熱點練2 閱讀理解之主旨大意題（熱點話題）-2022年高考英語【熱點·重點·難點】（新高考專用） 學(xué)生版

熱點練02閱讀理解之主旨大意題（熱點話題）

主旨大意題主要考查考生對所讀材料（或所讀材料片段）中心思想或標(biāo)題的概括。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)

通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，而其

他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句處，但有時也位于段

落中間（通常是第一段或最后一段的中間）。主旨大意題的考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中

心思想等。

常見的設(shè)問方式有：

1.標(biāo)題型

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

2.主題型

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

3.目的題

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.....

考向1:段首，段尾?？?/p>

文章中首段首句或末段末句往往是中心句，所以命題者常常在首尾兩段出主旨大意題。

Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue"BetweenCars

B.5GLeavesDriversFreeWhenTheyAreDriving

C.5GHasBeenPopularwithDriversAroundtheWorld

D.5GIstoBringGreatConveniencetoOurDailyLife

首段Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcominghazards（危

險），scientistsclaim.Theextremelyfastmobileinternetwouldallowforrapidinformationtransmissionandcould

makedriversawareofblackice,potholesorotherdangersupahead.

第一段的“Carscouldsoonbecommunicatingwitheachotherusing5Gtomakedriversawareofupcoming

hazards（危險）,scientistsclaim（科學(xué)家稱，汽車很快就能通過5G相互通信，讓司機意識到即將到來的危險）”

可知，作者講述了5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)將安裝在汽車上，汽車可以通過5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)互相“對話”，讓司機提前意識到危險，

因此本文最適合的題H是A選項5GontheWaytoMaking"Dialogue“BetweenCars（5G正在成為汽車之間

的“對話”），故選A。

考向2：語義轉(zhuǎn)折處（尤其是首段）?？?/p>

轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but/however等后所跟的內(nèi)容往往是作者真實的寫作目的或基本觀點，而這很有可能就是文章的

中心思想。

考向3：因果句?？?/p>

因果連詞because,since,as,for,so,therefore等后也可表現(xiàn)出作者的目的，觀點和文章的主題，所以也是常

考考點。

考向4：特殊標(biāo)點符號后的內(nèi)容常考

特殊標(biāo)點符號常用：破折號，括號，冒號，引號。尤其是首段這些符號后的內(nèi)容往往表達(dá)了作者的觀點，

闡述了全文的主題。

滿分技巧

主旨大意題解題技巧：

1.時間緊迫的情況下，只讀首尾段，確定中心。

2.閱讀時注意出現(xiàn)頻率高的單詞，高頻詞法。

3.排除內(nèi)容片面，單一的選項。一般選擇概括全文，內(nèi)容全面，含義深刻，說明道理的選項。

熱點話題

說明文科技環(huán)保類：三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)掘工作及意義，過度使用電子屏幕的影響，北京冬奧

會，5G

議論文社會現(xiàn)象類：如何充分利用個性化電子軟件

記敘文：體操運動員Ellie的成功經(jīng)歷

第一組（2021?浙江卷?B篇）

話題：本文為說明文，過度使用電子屏幕的影響難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhome

whereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispick

upascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverage

offourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwith

planstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,then

agedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohis

three-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,

beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhis

journeyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProject

WildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommon

goalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,MDavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreally

interestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,then

beingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:

nWejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.1'

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchasthey

needit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

I.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.

B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.Theyhavenofriendstoplaywith.

D.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.

2.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.

B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.

D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

第二組

話題：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京冬奧會在制冰難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

的原料和技術(shù)上的精益求精。

Althoughtheweatherisveryhotnow,thecarnivaloficeandsnowisgettingcloser.Thepreparationworkfor

BeijingWinterOlympicGames,whichareexpectedtobeginonFeb4,2022,hasentereditsfinalstage.InJanuary,

2021,theice-makingworkonthe“IceRibbon^^,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,was

completed.

IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecan

makeallthedifference.uIfsnotjustahunkoficelikeyou*dnonnallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyour

freezer,toldKennethGolden,aUSmathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice."It'samuchmore

fascinatingandcomplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.^^

Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.

Suchimpuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal(六邊形的)structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.The

morepurethewateris,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.

Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsofice-making,technologyisalsoveryimportant.

Asoneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxide(CO2)coolingtechnology

hasbeenappliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2isnotnewwhenitcomesto

ice-making.However,ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbytheman-maderefrigerant,likeFreon.

Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthascomeintouseagain.Asanelement

oftheatmosphere,CO2doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffect

ismuchlowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreon

asarefrigerantinice-making,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.

“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldina

moreimpressiveway,"toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheOrganizingCommitteeofthe

BeijingWinterOlympicGames.

8.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforice-making?

A.Thewaterisn*tabletofreezecompletely.

B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.

C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.

D.It'slikelyforathletestofallontheice.

9.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?

A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologiesforice-making.

B,CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.

C.CO2ismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanFreon.

D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.

10.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoice-making?

A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favourable.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesIsComing.B.BeneathOlympicIce.

C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames.D.TheStructureofIce.

第三組

話題：本文是說明文，介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現(xiàn)、難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

發(fā)掘工作及意義。

Six"sacrificialpits（祭祀坑）”,datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingdui

RuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina*sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronze

wares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.

Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsites

alongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,

whentwopits-widelybelievedfbrsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.

InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundin

December2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeology

ResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes

havecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplained

findingsin1986.

MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.Anddetailedresearch

beganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.

Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4

squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewill

becomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinese

civilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation"inparagraph2probablymean?

A.DiscoveryB.Dig

C.ExplorationD.Expansion

9.HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?

A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.

B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.

C.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.

D.Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.

10.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?

A.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.

B.TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.

C.TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisite

D.Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.

B,SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.

C.SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.

D.Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.

第四組

話題：這是一篇記敘文.講述了體操運動員Ellie的成功歷程難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

Elliewasaskilledgymnast（體操運動員）.Butshelikedshowingoff（炫耀））.Atthegymnasticstryout

（選拔賽）,sheputonaperfectperformance."Seewhocandothat!”shesaidproudly.

ThenextFriday,thelistwaspostedannouncingwhohadmadetheteam.Ellie'snamewasn'tonit."It'sunfair.

I'mbetterthanalltheothergirls!”shesaid.Shewenttoseethecoach.

"Youarequitetalented,butyourattitudeisterrible,uthecoachsaid."Makingthegymnasticsteamisn'tjust

aboutgymnastics.It'salsoaboutbeingonateam.MThatnightElliecomplainedtoherparents.Hermotherwas

angry,butherfathersaidthatthecoachhadapoint.Theyhadabigargument.Elliecouldn'tsleep.Shekept

thinkingaboutwhatthecoachhadsaid.

Elliecouldn'tstayawayfromthegym,soshepracticedalone.Oneday,afterwatchingAnnfalloffthe

parallelbars（雙杠）againandagain,EllierantoherandexplainedtoAnnwhatshewasdoingwrong.Anndidas

Elliesuggestedandimproved.Elliedidn'tnoticethecoachwaslookingather.Overthenextfewmonths,Ellie

alwayshelpedtheothergirls.Theydidbetterandbetter."Wecouldn'thavedonethiswithoutEllie'shelp,*'the

girlssaid.

Thefollowingyear,Ellietriedoutforthegymnasticsteamagain.Thistime,shewasmodest.Whenthegirls

praisedher,shejustsmiledandthankedthem.Whenthecoachpostedthelistofwhohadmadetheteam,her

namewasonit.Ellieandtheothergirlswereallveryhappy.

4.HowdidElliefeelwhenshewenttoseethecoach?

A.Angry.B.Happy.C.Proud.D.Nervous.

5.Elliecouldn'tsleepontheFridaynightbecause.

A.sheslepttoomuchintheafternoon

B.shehadanargumentwithhermother

C.shewasworriedaboutthegymnasticstryout

D.shewasthinkingaboutthemeaningsofthecoach'swords

6.Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?

@Elliepracticedalone.②Ellie'sparentsargued.

③Elliecoachedothergirls.④Ellieshowedoffatthegymnasticstryout.

A.③①④②B.③④②①C.④②①③D.④①③②

7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AseriouscoachB.AgymnasticsteamC.GymnasticstryoutsD.Gymnasticscompetitions

第五組

話題：這是一篇議論文，論述如何充分利用個性化電子軟件難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

In1953,whenvisitinghisdaughter?smathsclass,theHarvardpsychologistB.F.Skinnerfoundeverypupil

learningthesametopicinthesamewayatthesamespeed.Later,hebuilthisfirst"teachingmachine”,whichlet

childrentacklequestionsattheirownpace.Sincethen,educationtechnology(edtech)hasrepeatedthecycleof

hypeandflop(炒作和失敗),evenascomputershavereshapedalmosteveryotherpartoflife.

Softwaresto<6personalize^^learningcanhelphundredsofmillionsofchildrenstuckinmiserableclasses一but

onlyifedtechsupporterscanresistthetemptationtoreviveharmfulideasabouthowchildrenleam.Alternatives

havesofarfailedtoteachsomanychildrenasefficientlyastheconventionalmodelofschooling,where

classrooms,hierarchicalyear-groups,standardizedcurriculumsandfixedtimetablesarestillthetypicalpatternfor

mostoftheworld'snearly1.5billionschoolchildren.Underthispattern,toomanydonotreachtheirpotential.

Thatconditionremainedalmostunchangedoverthepast15years,thoughbillionshavebeenspentonITin

schoolsduringthatperiod.

Whatreallymattersthen?Theanswerishowedtechisused.Onewayitcanhelpisthroughtailor-made

instruction.Reformersthinkedtechcanputindividualattentionwithinreachofallpupils.Theotherwayedtech

canaidlearningisbymakingschoolsmoreproductive.InCaliforniaschools,insteadoftextbooks,pupilshave

“playlists”,whichtheyusetoaccessonlinelessonsandtaketests.Thesoftwareassesseschildren'sprogress,

lighteningteachers5markingloadandallowingthemtofocusonothertasks.Astudysuggestedthatchildrenin

earlyadoptersofthismodelscorebetterinteststhantheirpeersatotherschools.

Suchinnovationiswelcome.Butmakingthebestofedtechmeansgettingseveralthingsright.First,

"personalizedleaming^^mustfollowtheevidenceonhowchildrenleam.Itmustnotbeanexcusetorevive

pseudoscientificideassuchas"'learningstyles”:thetheorythateachchildhasaparticularwayoftakingin

information.Thistheorygaverisetogovernment-sponsoredschemeslikeBrainGym,whichclaimedthatsome

pupilsshouldstretchorbendwhiledoingsums.Alessconsequentialfalsehoodisthattechnologymeanschildren

donotneedtolearnfactsorleamfromateacher—insteadtheycanjustuseGoogle.Someeducationalistsgo

further,arguingthatfactsqetinthewayofskillssuchascreativity.Actually,theoppositeistrue.Accordingto

studies,mosteffectivewaysofboostinglearningnearlyallreliedonthecraftofateacher.

Second,edtechmustnarrow,ratherthanwiden,inequalitiesineducation.Heretherearegroundsfor

optimism.SomeofthepioneeringschoolsareprivateonesinSiliconValley.Butmanymorearerunby

charter-schoolgroupsteachingmostlypoorpupils,wherelaggards（成績落后者）makethemostprogressrelative

totheirpeersinnormalclasses.AsimilarpatterncanbeobservedoutsideAmerica.

Third,thepotentialforedtechwillberealizedonlyifteachersembraceit.Theyarerighttoaskforevidence

thatproductswork.Butskepticismshouldnotturnintoirrationalopposition.Givenwhatedtechpromisestoday,

closed-mindednesshasnoplaceintheclassroom.

1.Accordingtothepassage,educationtechnologycan.

A.decreaseteachers'workingload

B.facilitatepersonalizedlearning

Chelpstandardizecurriculums

D.belovedbyschoolchildren

2.WhichexamplebestarguesagainsttheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4?

A.Thestudentswhoarebetteratmemorizationtendtobelesscreative.

B.Schoolswithbansonphoneshavebetterresultsthanhigh-techones.

C.Shakespearewastrainedingrammarbuthepennedmanygreatplays.

D.LuXun'screativitywasunlockedafterhegaveupstudyingmedicine.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatedtechfunctionswellonlywhenitis.

A.attheserviceofteaching

B.limitedinuseamongpupils

C.aimedatnarrowingthewealthgap

D.inlinewithstudents?learningstyles

4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofedtech.

B.Tointroducetheapplicationofedtech.

C.Todiscusshowtogetthebestoutofedtech.

D.Toappealfbrmoreopen-mindednesstoedtech.

第六組

話題：這是一篇說明文，主題語境是人與自然。難度：★★建議用時：6分鐘

Cetaceans（鯨目動物）communicatethroughsoundtofindfoodandtointeractsocially.Theirsoundsvary

betweenspeciesandwithincommunities.Thelong-finnedpilotwhalescanmimic（模仿）artificialnoise,but

nobodyhadpreviouslyrecordedthem.Anewstudy,however,foundoverlapinthecetaceansoundbook.

Pilotwhalesandorcas（虎鯨），thetwolargestspeciesofcetaceans,areoftenseeninthesameenvironments

andaresimilarsizes,andbothliveinsocialgroupswithstrongunion,saysCharlotteCure,aresearcherat

CEREMALabinFrance,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Orcascompeteforfoodwithlong-finnedpilot

whalesandarepotentiallytheirpredators.

Evidencefromorcastomachsshowstheydooccasionallyeatpilotwhales.Butpilotwhalescanmob（成群田

住）andchasethemaway,theonlycetaceansseendefendingthemselvesfromthestrongenemiesinthisway.

Mimicrycouldserveasadditionaldefense;440neassumptionisthatiftheyusesimil