安徽省合肥市高三下學(xué)期第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

2024年合肥市高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(一模)英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howwillthewomangototheairport?A.Bybus.B.BysubwayC.Bytaxi.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Fellowworkers.3.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toconfirmaplan.B.Topostponeameeting.C.Torescheduleareservation.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Onthestreet.5.Whyisthewomanintheoffice?A.Topreparedocuments.B.Towaitforacolleague.C.Tomeetadeadline.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Remendingasuitcase.B.Inquiringabouthisluggage.C.Confirminghisflightnumber.7.Whatdocsthemansayaboutthesuitcase?A.Ithasrecognizablefeatures.B.Ithasbeentakenbymistake.C.Itishisdaughter’sspecialtoy.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Tripplans.B.Flatdecorations.C.Partypreparations.9.Whowillprobablygettheballoons?A.MaryB.Wilson.C.Jack.10.Whatdocsthemansuggestdoingattheendoftheconversation?A.AskingRichardforhelpB.Gettingthemedrelateddecorations.C.Makingpostersforoceanprotection.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdoesthemandislikeaboutthepurpleTshirt?A.Thepatternonit.B.Itscolor.C.Itsmaterial.12.Whatdoesthemanbuyforhisdaughter?A.Jeans.B.Adress.C.ATshirt.13.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$50.B.$75C.$100.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthemando?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Aphotographer.15.Whydocsthewomansuggestthemantakeatrip?A.TotakephotosB.TomeetpeopleC.Torelievepressure16.Howwillthecoupledecidewheretogo?A.Bysearchingonline.B.Byconsultingafriend.C.Byturningtotheirson.17.WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?A.Eatout.B.DothepackingC.Goshopping聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthequartermileroad?A.Itcanprovidewirelesschargingservice.B.Itcanincreasetheefficiencyofvehicles.C.Itisspeciallydesignedtoproducepower.19.HowdoesStefanTongurfeelabouttheproject?A.Itisverypopularandwidelyused.B.Itissafeandenvironmentfriendly.C.Itissustainableandenergyefficient.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Awirelesssmartroad.B.Anewelectricvehicle.C.Aroadsecuritysystem第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AHongKonghasthelargestcollectionofhighrisebuildingsonEarth,manyofwhichhavebeendesignedbyworldfamousarchitects.HSBCHeadquartersBuildingIn1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesignpetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthepetitionwithanoutoftheboxidea.WithabudgetofroughlyS667millionintheday’scurrency,theBritishvisionaryhadthemodular(模塊化的)piecesconstructedintheUS,JapanandtheUKbeforeshippingthemtoHongKongforassembly(組裝).TheHendersonZahaHadidArchitects(ZHA)hasrevealedplanstoreplaceamultistorycarparkinHongKong’scentralbusinessdistrictwithanew623foottower.LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.Forinstance,thereisaskygardenwhichisanoutdoorrecreationalspacewitharunningtrackandaplantingnetworkthatactsasaneffectivebiologicalairpurifyingfilterbyconsumingpollutants.TwoInternationalFinanceCentreOnaclearday,youcanseestraightacrossHongKongfromtheofficesinTwoInternationalFinanceCenter(2IFC),pletedin2003.DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitspletion.Ittransformedtheskylinewhenitopenedwithitsbreathtakingheightandtapered(錐形的)shape,symbolizingHongKong’srise.BankofChinaTowerThe1,205foottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.Avisionofurbanenergy,expansionandgeometry,theBankofChinaTower(BOCTower)wasdesignedtoresembleabambooshoot,symbolizingstrength,vitalityandChina’semergenceasasignificantplayerininternationalfinance.1.WhatisspecialabouttheHSBCHeadquartersBuilding?A.Itwasdesignedbyseveralarchitectteams. B.Itwasfundedbycountriesacrosstheworld.C.Itsstylewasconsideredtobethemostcreative. D.Itsdesignwasawinningworkofapetition.2.Whichbuildingbinestechnologywithnature?A.HSBCHeadquartersBuilding. B.TheHenderson.C.TwoInternationalFinanceCentre. D.BankofChinaTower.3.WhatdotheBOCTowerand2IFChaveinmon?A.Theyareknownforbeingecofriendly. B.Theywerepletedinthesamecentury.C.TheyusedtobethetallestinHongKong. D.Theyweredesignedbythesamearchitect.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了香港的四座大樓的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesignpetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthepetitionwithanoutoftheboxidea.(1979年，香港上海匯豐銀行(HSBC)為其新總部發(fā)起了一項國際設(shè)計競賽。由建筑師諾曼·福斯特爵士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的福斯特建筑事務(wù)所以一個新穎的想法贏得了比賽)”可知，匯豐總部大樓的特別之處在于它的設(shè)計是一項競賽的獲獎作品。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheHenderson部分中“LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.(像ZHA的許多有遠(yuǎn)見的項目一樣，這座辦公大樓于2023年完工，將技術(shù)與自然環(huán)境融為一體)”可知，TheHenderson結(jié)合了科技與自然。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitspletion.(這座1352英尺高的塔樓由已故的凱撒·佩里設(shè)計，建成后是該市最高的塔樓)”以及最后一段“The1,205foottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.(這座1205英尺高的塔于1990年完工，打破了當(dāng)時的紀(jì)錄，成為北美以外第一座超過985英尺的塔，立即成為地標(biāo))”可知，中銀大廈和第二國際金融中心的共同之處是都曾經(jīng)是香港最高的。故選C。BIninternships(實習(xí)期)andjobsthatI,nowacareerwoman,haveeverhad,I’vewatchedprofessionals,experiencedandbrandnewalike,conductinterviewsorpresentinmeetingsandmanyofthemappearunpreparedandlackconfidence.Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.Acentraltechniqueanactingclasscanequipyouwithisimprovisation(即興表演).Essentially,skillssuchastheimprovisationprincipleof“Yes,and…”arebeneficialforthinkingonyourfeet.Whensomeonesuggestsanewidea,yousay“yes”andrunwiththesuggestion.Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsofothers,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworldlongsfor.Bothcollegestudentsandprofessionalsmightbenefitfromthevoiceandmovementtraining.Iusedtobeafraidofthevoiceandmovementpartofactingclass.Myactingteacherwouldmakeusdopushupsandyoga.Then,we’dstandupandmoan(呻吟)withvaryingdegreesofvoices.Ihatedthis,andlotsofotherpeopledo,too.Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.Asanactor,youareastudentofhumanbehavior.Withthat,whenyoureceiveatext,youexploreyourcharacter.Forexample,ifyou’replayingavillain(反派角色),youhavetoapproachyourcharacterfromwhereitstands.Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers’situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.I’vebornecountless“Whatareyougoingtodowithatheaterdegree?”speechesfromfamilyandfriends.Butultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.4.Whateffectdoestheprincipleof“Yes,and…”haveonprofessionalsfollowingit?A.Itgeneratespositivesuggestions. B.Itbringsaboutsmoothinteraction.C.Itoffersthemgoodentertainmentvalue. D.Ithelpsthemrecognizetheirowncontribution.5.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinparagraph3?A.Sheisstillverynervousofheractingteacher.B.Sheisaddictedtoworkingonherphysicalfitness.C.Thetraininghasmadeherbraverandmorepatient.D.Thetraininghasenhancedherpresentationabilities.6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningexploringcharacters?A.Itisabigchallengeformostofthestudentactors.B.Itmakesthestudyofhumanbehaviormucheasier.C.Itcanhelppeopletoputthemselvesinothers’shoes.D.Itmayimprovetherelationshipbetweencoworkers.7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoungprofessionalstodo?ATakeanactingclass. B.PursueactingcareersC.Obtainhigherdegrees. D.Consultfamilyandfriends.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷說明上表演課所帶來的一些好處?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsofothers,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworldlongsfor.(熟悉這一技巧的專業(yè)人士能夠接受并重視他人的貢獻(xiàn)，促進(jìn)思想的自由交流，從而激發(fā)出企業(yè)界所渴望的積極、創(chuàng)新的精神。)”可知，“是的，但是……”的原則可以讓遵循這一原則的專業(yè)人士有順暢的互動。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.(但這種訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果是一個人站得高，說話清晰響亮。此外，在演講之前，我仍然會利用課堂上的伸展運動和熱身來鎮(zhèn)定我的緊張情緒。)”可知，培訓(xùn)提高了她的演講能力。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers’situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.(這樣的觀點造就了一個優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，一個理解同事的情況，禮貌和理解地對待他們的人。)”可知，作者提到探索人物是想說明這能幫助人們設(shè)身處地地為別人著想。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.(我覺得上表演課對他們都有好處。)”以及最后一段“Butultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.(但最終，這些軟技能對年輕專業(yè)人士來說是非常有價值的。表演訓(xùn)練將使你與眾不同。)”可知，作者建議年輕的專業(yè)人士去上表演課。故選A。CHighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes(微生物)thatcandigestplastics—importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.It’snosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.SinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafterWorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic—andresearchersestimatethatlessthanonetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplasticdigestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,coauthorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsincirculation,”saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Learacknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitestodesigningastrategyforbiorecycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.8.Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?AItdoesnotliveuptoexpectations. B.Itcontributestomorewaste.C.Itisnotaspopularasbefore. D.Itensuresnewproductquality.9.Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?A.Impractical. B.Pioneering C.Reliable. D.Invaluable.10.Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?AToprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.B.Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.C.Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.D.Toexplainwhybiorecyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstart”inparagraph5mean?A.Reward. B.Criterion. C.Protection. D.Advantage.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在瑞士阿爾卑斯山和北極的高處，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要額外的加熱。他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《微生物學(xué)前沿》雜志上，有朝一日可能會改善塑料回收。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.(更糟糕的是，最常見的回收選擇——將塑料清洗、加工并變成新產(chǎn)品——實際上并沒有減少浪費：回收的材料通常質(zhì)量較低，最終可能還是會被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場)”可知，傳統(tǒng)的回收沒有達(dá)到人們的期望。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplasticdigestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.(因此，研究人員正在尋找超越傳統(tǒng)回收的塑料問題的解決方案，他們已經(jīng)試驗了一種方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85華氏度以上的溫暖溫度下進(jìn)行。當(dāng)在工業(yè)規(guī)模上進(jìn)行時，產(chǎn)生這么多熱量所需的能量會使該過程釋放更多的碳，并花費更多的錢)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切實際的。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,coauthorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.(但在北極和瑞士阿爾卑斯山發(fā)現(xiàn)的微生物可以在更低的溫度下工作：它們能夠在59華氏度的溫度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在這項新研究中，合著者JoelRüthi和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在總共34種被檢測的微生物中，19種能夠成功地分解一種叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17種可以分解兩種可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)檢測到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，結(jié)合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切實際的，可推知，第4段提到了這項新研究是為了表明這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為更有效的系統(tǒng)打開了大門。故選B。11題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.(如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，“我們開始更多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，這是件好事，”他總結(jié)道)”可知，GavinLear提到如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，我們開始更多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，由此說明使用天然微生物具有良好的優(yōu)勢。故劃線詞意思是“優(yōu)勢”。故選D。DApairofresearcherswithLeibnizUniversityofHannoverhasdemonstratedthemeansbywhichrobotsmightbeprogrammedtoexperiencesomethingsimilartopaininanimals.Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek’sIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain.“Painisasystemthatprotectsus,”saysKuchn.“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.”Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.Theyhavetestedoutsomeoftheirideasusingaroboticarmwithafingertipsensorthatcandetectpressureandtemperature.Itusesarobottissuepatch(小片)modeledonhumanskintodecidehowmuchpainshouldbefeltandthuswhatactiontotake.Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahumanoperator.Suchrobotsarelikelytoraiseahostofquestions,ofcourse,iftheybeemoremon—ifarobotactsthesamewayahumandoeswhentouchingahotplate,arewetobelieveitistrulyexperiencingpain?Onlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin’sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethanever.12.Whatdowelearnabouttherobotsinthedemonstration?A.Theycanlearnskillslikeanimals. B.Theycanmunicatewithpeople.C.Theyhavetheabilitytofeelpain. D.Theyresponddifferentlytorequests.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofteachingrobotstofeelpain.B.Theprincipleofrobots’avoidanceofinjuries.C.Theanalysisoftheartificialrobotnervoussystem.D.Thevalueofprotectinghumanworkersfrominjury.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?A.Therobotissmartenoughtocarryoutdifferenttasks.B.Therobotcanhardlyworkaswellasahumanoperator.C.Therobotcanreactdifferentlybasedondegreesofpain.D.Therobotistolerantofchangesofpressureandtemperature.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardKuehnandHaddadin’sstudy?A.Dismissive. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以感知疼痛的機(jī)器人，解釋了教會機(jī)器人感知疼痛的意義以及機(jī)器人可以根據(jù)疼痛程度做出不同的反應(yīng)。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek’sIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.(上周在斯德哥爾摩舉行的IEEE機(jī)器人與自動化國際會議上，JohannesKuehn和SamiHaddaddin展示了疼痛如何應(yīng)用于機(jī)器人，通過與Kuka機(jī)械臂末端的BioTac指尖傳感器進(jìn)行交互，該傳感器已被編程為對不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反應(yīng))”可知，演示中的機(jī)器人有感覺疼痛的能力。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain.“Painisasystemthatprotectsus,”saysKuchn.“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.”Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.(開發(fā)人工機(jī)器人神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的想法似乎與所有人的期望相反，但庫恩說，這樣做很重要，就像人類感覺疼痛一樣?！疤弁词且环N保護(hù)我們的系統(tǒng)，”庫恩說。“當(dāng)我們避開痛苦的根源時，它就能幫助我們不受傷?！币虼?，當(dāng)機(jī)器人能夠感受到疼痛并做出反應(yīng)時，它們將變得足夠聰明，能夠避免疼痛。機(jī)器人發(fā)現(xiàn)的威脅越危險，它就會越快地撤離并避開危險源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin說，人類和機(jī)器人一起工作，尤其是那些在重型機(jī)械上工作的機(jī)器人，將會受到保護(hù))”可知，第二段主要講的是教會機(jī)器人感知疼痛的意義。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahumanoperator.(例如，如果手臂感到輕微疼痛，它就會慢慢退縮，直到疼痛停止，然后再回到原來的工作中；與此同時，劇烈的疼痛會導(dǎo)致手臂進(jìn)入一種鎖定模式，直到它能得到人類操作員的幫助)”可知，機(jī)器人可以根據(jù)疼痛程度做出不同的反應(yīng)。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin’sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethanever.(當(dāng)然，只有時間才能告訴我們答案，但有一件事是顯而易見的，庫恩和哈達(dá)丁的工作可能會讓機(jī)器人變得比以往任何時候都更像人類)”可推知，作者對庫恩和哈達(dá)丁的研究持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whensomethinggoeswrong,doyoutendtobouncebackorfallapart?Herearesomestrategicstohelpyoumanageapersonalsetback(挫折)andgetbackontracktowardachievingyourgoal.●Realizeit’snormal.Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.It’snormalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.___16___Knowingthis,it’simportanttoanticipatethatthemaintaskwillbehowtoeffectivelymanagethesetbackwhenitarises.●Don’tdenyit.Sometimesit’shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere’sanycauseforalarm.___17___Thisinabilitytoacknowledgetheproblemdoesn’tmeanyou’restupid.It’sjustthatdenialcancloudyourawarenessoftheissue.It’simportanttobereceptivetothehonestfeedback.___18___Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.Themostmoncausesofasetbackarepersonalworries,overconfidence,andpoorcopingskills.Takealookatanyfactorthatmayhavecontributedtothesetback:whereyouwere,whoyouwerewith,whatyouwerethinkingandfeeling.●Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.___19___Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.___20___Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.A.Don’ttakeitseriously.B.Analyzewhathappened.C.Youhaven’tlostalloftheknowledge,skills,andsupport.D.Inotherwords,it’snotwhetherachallengewillhappen,butit’swhen.E.Thisisbecauseyoulearnfromeachmissteptomakeyourplanmoreeffective.F.Friendsorfamilywillvoicetheirconcerns,butyoustillmaynotbeabletoacceptit.G.Youmightevenwriteaboutpastexperiencesinajournaltoguideyourfuturebehavior.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一些有助于處理個人挫折并回到實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的軌道上的策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.It’snormalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.(只有不到20%的人第一次就成功實現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo)。出現(xiàn)挫折是正常的，也是意料之中的。)”可知，此處是指挫折大概率是會發(fā)生的，只是早晚的區(qū)別，所以選項D“換句話說，挑戰(zhàn)是否會發(fā)生并不重要，重要的是何時發(fā)生。”切合文意。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Sometimesit’shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere’sanycauseforalarm.(有時候很難察覺到挫折。問題可能就在你眼前，但你可能會否認(rèn)有任何驚慌的理由。)”可知，此處是指即使朋友或家人提醒你也可能無法承認(rèn)問題的存在，所以選項F“朋友或家人會表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂，但你可能仍然無法接受。”切合文意。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.(停下來仔細(xì)想想哪里出了問題。)”可知，此處是指分析發(fā)生的事情，所以選項B“分析發(fā)生了什么。”切合文意。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.(從中吸取教訓(xùn)。從你對挫折的分析中學(xué)習(xí)，調(diào)整你的計劃，盡量防止類似的事情再次發(fā)生。每次你調(diào)整你的計劃并再次付諸行動，你實際上提高了最終成功的幾率。)”可知，此處是指從挫折中吸取的教訓(xùn)會讓你的計劃更高效，所以選項E“這是因為你從每一個錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，使你的計劃更有效?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xE。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.(提醒自己，你的挫折是一次滑倒，而不是跌倒。)”和后文“Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.(調(diào)整之后，你仍然可以再次向成功邁進(jìn)。)”可知，此處是講即使面對挫折你仍然具有的優(yōu)勢，所以選項C“你并沒有失去所有的知識、技能和支持。”切合文意。故選C。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AbigailAdjiritookpartinapetitionforkidsaged7through12.She,atonly,hastakenGhanaby___21___,winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves.It’snot___22___formostpeopletobeeskilleddancers,especiallyforlittleAbigailwhois___23___.Abigailhasbeentrainedto___24___thevibrations(震動)shefeelswithherfeet,___25___listeningtothebeatofsongs.Herprecisecalculationshaveallowedherto___26___impressivemoves.Still,Abigail’sMomwas___27___aboutthefactthattheirgoalwastogetthe7yearoldahearingaid—buttheyneeded___28___.Theymadethisknownon“OnuaShowtimewithNanaAmaMeBrown”,atalkshowinGhana.AwomannamedJoyce,whoheardlittleAbigail’sstory,was___29___toetoherassistance.AfterreachingouttoMeBrown,shewasableto____30____$5,000forthehearingaidand$400forinsurancesothatitcanbereplacedor____31____,ifneeded.Asyoucanimagine,AbigailandherMomwere____32____.Infact,thetwoofthemreturnedtoMeBrown’sshowwherethe7yearoldhappilyshowedoffhernew____33____,withthehelpofwhichlittleAbigailansweredquestionsfromtheMeBrown.ThepurejoyonAbigail’sfaceisabsolutely____34____.FolkslikeJoycetrulyserveasa____35____thatthereismoregoodintheworldthanwerealizeattimes.21.A.name B.reputation C.design D.storm22.A.fair B.easy C.surprising D.secret23.A.onearmed B.bowlegged C.deaf D.blind24.A.resist B.interrupt C.adjust D.match25.A.ratherthan B.thanksto C.regardlessof D.apartfrom26.A.pulloff B.slowdown C.lookinto D.referto27.A.curious B.hesitant C.nervous D.frank28.A.trust B.luck C.help D.courage29.A.moved B.surprised C.grateful D.brave30.A.save B.donate C.invest D.make31.A.repaired B.damaged C.abandoned D.shared32.A.onthego B.overthemoon C.underacloud D.ataloss33.A.dance B.song C.award D.device34.A.awkward B.pointless C.priceless D.beneficial35.A.solution B.reminder C.warning D.discovery【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了耳聾的女孩AbigailAdjiri參加了一項針對7至12歲兒童的比賽，用她令人印象深刻的舞蹈動作贏得了觀眾。同時她的故事還感動了一位叫喬伊斯的婦女，為她捐款購買了新的助聽器?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她，僅僅是在加納掀起了一場風(fēng)暴，用她令人印象深刻的舞蹈動作贏得了觀眾。A.name名字；B.reputation名譽(yù)；C.design設(shè)計；D.storm風(fēng)暴。根據(jù)后文“winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves”指她的舞蹈風(fēng)靡一時，短語bystorm表示“風(fēng)靡一時”。故選D。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于大多數(shù)人來說，成為熟練的舞者并不容易，尤其是對于耳聾的小阿比蓋爾來說。A.fair公平的；B.easy容易的；C.surprising驚人的；D.secret秘密的。根據(jù)后文“formostpeopletobeeskilleddancers”指成為熟練的舞者不容易，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對于大多數(shù)人來說，成為熟練的舞者并不容易，尤其是對于耳聾的小阿比蓋爾來說。A.onearmed獨臂的；B.bowlegged羅圈腿的；C.deaf聾的；D.blind盲目的。根據(jù)后文“getthe7yearoldahearingaid”可知，阿比蓋爾耳聾，聽不見。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：阿比蓋爾被訓(xùn)練成用腳來配合她感受到的震動，而不是聽歌曲的節(jié)拍。A.resist抵抗；B.interrupt打斷；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.match配合，匹配。根據(jù)后文“thevibrationsshefeelswithherfeet”可知，她被訓(xùn)練成用腳來配合她感受到的震