版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
學(xué)生姓名:年級:初三課時(shí)數(shù):3輔導(dǎo)科目:英語輔導(dǎo)教師:輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容:動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)+作文(說明文)輔導(dǎo)日期:教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、掌握動詞的8種時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)2、學(xué)會如何進(jìn)行說明文的寫作方法【同步知識梳理】知識點(diǎn)1:動詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式,表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和狀態(tài)。初中階段要求掌握的時(shí)態(tài)有八種。時(shí)態(tài)謂語動詞形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動詞、行為動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式1.Ilikesports.2.Helikessports.3.Sheisagoodteacher.一般過去時(shí)be動詞、行為動詞過去式Wehadagreattimeyesterday.一般將來時(shí)will/begoingto+動詞原形1.Theywillgotothecinemanextweek.2.Heisgoingtohaveapicnicwithhisfamilytomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1.MyparentsarewatchingTVnow.2.Iamlookingformypurse.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+動詞的過去分詞LilyhaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Weweretalkingloudlywhentheteachercamein.過去完成時(shí)had+動詞的過去分詞Wehadalreadylearnednearly1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.過去將來時(shí)would或was/weregoingto+動詞原形Hetoldushewouldhaveapartyinhishousethisweekend.知識點(diǎn)2:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.含義:用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或在現(xiàn)階段持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式用法:表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。如:Myfatheriscookingthedinneratthemoment.(2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。如:Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmthesedays.(3)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有:go,e,leave,arrive,start,begin等,表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。如:WeareleavingforShanghai.Thebusisingsoon.4.標(biāo)志語:當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語為now,atthemoment,thesedays等或當(dāng)句子中含有l(wèi)ook,listen,canyousee,can’tyousee之類的暗示詞時(shí),要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:Listen!Lilyissingingintheclassroom.Can’tyouseetheyaredoingtheirhomework?注意:不是看到look就一定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:look!Ourteacherlooksbeautiful.5.一般不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞=1\*GB3①表示感覺的動詞,如see,hear等=2\*GB3②表示喜歡或厭惡的動詞,如like,love,hate等;表示希望的動詞,如want,wouldlike等=3\*GB3③表示狀態(tài)的動詞,如be,live,keep等=4\*GB3④表示歸屬的動詞,如have(擁有),belongto等=5\*GB3⑤表示思維,知識或理解能力的動詞,如know,think(認(rèn)為),forget等例(一):單項(xiàng)選擇1.Millie,whereisMissLi?She_________aspeechonChinesearttothefirstyearstudentsinthehall.A.givesB.gaveC.isgivingD.hasgiven2.Linda,togetherwithherparents,upthemessintheparkatthemoment.It’smeaningfultobeavolunteer.Let’sjointhem.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.hascleanedD.havecleaned3.Justaminute!Mybrother_____hiscarinthegarden.A.washes B.iswashing C.washed D.willwash4.Hereesthebus!Whereisourprincipal?Shecan'tgotothemuseumwithus.She________somevisitorsaroundourschool.A.isshowing B.shows C.hasshowed D.wasshowing5.Dad_____theUSAintwoweeks.A.isleaveforB.leavesforC.isleavingforD.leftforKeys:CABAC知識點(diǎn)3:一般過去時(shí)1.含義:用于表示在過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):動詞的過去式(1)be:was;were(2)行為動詞:動詞的過去式3.用法:(1)表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:WevisitedafarmlastSunday.表示過去的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenwentswimmingintheriver.=WhenIwasinthecountryside,Iusedtogoswimmingintheriver.(usedtodosth.表示過去常常做某事)與一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterdaylast...:lastnight,lastweek,lastyear,lastmonth等....ago:threeyearsago,twodaysago等其他:in1990,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow,thismorning等填空題1)根據(jù)漢語提示或英文釋義,完成句子。1.Mr.Bean___________(進(jìn)入)ourclassroomandtoldusalotofjokesinmydreamlastnight.2.He__________(點(diǎn)頭)tomeingreetingwhenIenteredtheroom.3.She_________(掉落)theplateanditbrokeintopieces.4.Theseengineerssuccessfully_______(開發(fā))anewkindofenergysavingcarlastyear.5.Thechildrenall(跳)withjoywhentheyheardthegoodnews.答案:entered;nodded;dropped;developed;jumped2)用所給詞的正確形式填空1.Theoldputer_______(break)downeasily,soIhadtorestartitagainandagain.2.—Whyareyousohappytoday?—BecauseI_____(win)thebadmintonmatchyesterday.3.YesterdayI(buy)anewdressattheMacy’sformymum.4.Theaudience_______(clap)andscreamedwithjoyafterthelastperformanceended.5.Lastweek,she________(select)ateddybearasabirthdaypresentforherdaughter.答案:broke;won;bought;clapped;selected知識點(diǎn)4:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.含義:用于表示現(xiàn)階段習(xí)慣性、周期性、反復(fù)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,或者用于描述客觀真理。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,謂語動詞用be動詞或是行為動詞。謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(1)be:am,is,are當(dāng)主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞采用原形當(dāng)主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞采用原形(2)行為動詞:當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞采用三單變化當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞采用三單變化用法:(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。常與often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday等表示頻率的副詞和時(shí)間狀語連用。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.Heusuallytakesabustoschool.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)、情感和性格。如:Mary’sfatherisanEnglishteacher.HelivesinNanjingnow.Hishairisbrown.(3)表示客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,等客觀事實(shí)或格言諺語等。如:Thesunrisesintheeasteveryday.Theearthisround.ThePhysicsteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.在某些以here,there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動作。如:Hereesthebus.Theregoesthebell.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。下列動詞:e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情,經(jīng)常用在時(shí)刻表中。如:
Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.
Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.4.與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:(1)表示頻度的副詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldomnever等。(2)onSundays,onMondayafternoons,everyday,everymorning,everyyear等時(shí)間狀語。(3)onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaweek等時(shí)間狀語。填空題1)根據(jù)漢語提示或英文釋義,完成句子。1.Samhardlyhasanygoodfriendsbecausehealways___________(拒絕)tohelpotherpeople.2.Nobody_______thattheShengzhouIXwillhelpusknowmoreaboutspace.(懷疑)3.Asweknow,oilalways__________(漂浮)onwater.答案:refuses;doubts;floats2)用所給詞的正確形式填空1.TheteachertoldusthatthegravityonMars(be)onlyaboutthreeeighthsofthatonEarth.2.Thisstorytellsusalesson—theearlybird_____________(catch)theworm.3.NotjustshebutalsoI(be)interestedinactionfilms.Keys:iscatchesam知識點(diǎn)5:一般將來時(shí)1.含義:用來表示在將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):(1)am/is/aregoingto+動詞原形(2)will+動詞原形(主語部分可以是各種人稱)(3)shall+動詞原形(主語部分為第一人稱)3.用法:(1)begoingto+動詞原形,表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事,表示已決定的并很可能發(fā)生的事。如:WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?Lookattheclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.=1\*GB3①will+動詞原形,表示將來要發(fā)生的動作或是存在的狀態(tài)。如:Willyoubebackintwodays?=2\*GB3②當(dāng)句中主語是I或者we時(shí),一般使用shall,表示征求對方的意見。如:Whenshallwemeettomorrow?begoingto+動詞原形和will+動詞原形的比較①若是強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過事先考慮好的,則通常要用begoingto;若是表示某個(gè)意圖沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮,而是在說話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的,則通常用will。比較。如:"Annisinhospital.""Oh,really?Ididn’tknow.I’llgoandvisither."“安住院了?!薄鞍。娴膯??我還不知道。我要去看看她?!?臨時(shí)想法,不能用begoingto)"Annisinhospital.""Yes,Iknow.I’mgoingtovisithertomorrow.“安住院了?!薄拔抑溃掖蛩忝魈烊タ纯此?。”(事先考慮的意圖,不能用will)②若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事,通常只用begoingto,不用will。如:Lookatthoseblackclouds.It’sgoingtorain.③帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的主句通常不宜用begoingto,而用will:Whenheesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.Ifheesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.與一般將來時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrownext...:nextweek,nextyear等in...:inthreeyears,inaweek等soon,beforelong(不久之后)等注意:看到tomorrow等不一定使用一般將來時(shí),如tomorrowisSunday./ItisSundaytomorrow.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Mysisterwantsanewdress.Sheittotheparty,A.wearsB.haswornC.woreD.isgoingtowear2.WearegladtohearthattheGreens_____toanewflatnextweek.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved3.—When______you______readingJaneEyre?—It’shardtosay.I’mbusyrecently.A.did;finish B.have;finished C.will;finish D.do;finish4.—Willyougotothecinemawithmetomorrow?—Sorry,I________skatingwithTom.A.go B.went C.havegone D.willgo5.—Whichteamdoyouthink______thegame?—Hardtosay.Therearestilltenminutesbeforeitends.A.wonB.haswonC.willwinD.wins6.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobeKeys:DCCDCC知識點(diǎn)6:“主將從現(xiàn)”原則主將從現(xiàn)是指在以if(如果),assoonas,until,when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中,如果主句是一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。常見的有以下四種情況:條件狀語從句的主句是一般將來時(shí),那么從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.(2)如果主句是祈使句,那么從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.(3)如果主句是含有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),根據(jù)需要從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom2.當(dāng)if表示“是否”時(shí),不遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。如:Idon’tknowifhewilletomyhometomorrow.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Idon’tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,wewillgooutforapicnic.A.willrain;won’train B.rains;doesn’trainC.rains;won’train D.willrain;doesn’train2.Itwillbehardforustogetupinthemorningifwe____tobedtoolate.A.go B.went C.willgo D.havegone3.Iffarmerstreesandforests,giantpandasnowheretolive.A.cutdown;haveB.willcutdown;willhaveC.willcutdon;haveD.cutdown;willhave4.Whenyou________atarestaurant,pleaseorderjustenoughfood.A.ateB.willeatC.eatD.haveneaten5.Henrywillgiveusareportassoonashe_.A.arrivesB.arrivedC.isarrivingD.willarriveKeys:DADCA知識點(diǎn)7:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.含義:用于表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動作或在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+動詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)用法:表示過去的某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動作。如:Iwasreadinginthelibraryatthistimeyesterday.表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。如:Theywerehavingameetingfrom2:00to4:00yesterdayafternoon.(3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與always等頻度副詞連用,表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習(xí)慣動作,此時(shí)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)帶有一定的感情色彩。如:Jackwasalwayschanginghismind.go,e,leave,arrive,start等動詞,其過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動作。如:Iwasleavingwhenhecamein.Shetoldmeshewasingtoseeme.4.與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,then,attenlastnight,from...to...thedaybeforeyesterday,thosedays等。5.含有when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的運(yùn)用:(1)when在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的用法:when所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,動作既可以是長動作,也可以是短動作,即動詞既可以使用延續(xù)性動詞也可以使用非延續(xù)性動詞。關(guān)鍵看動作是否能延續(xù),可延續(xù)性動詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),不可延續(xù)性動詞用一般過去時(shí)。主句的動詞根據(jù)動作可不可以延續(xù)決定,可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。如:JimwaslisteningtotheCDwhenhisbrothercameback.WhenIwashavingbreakfast,thetelephonerang.(2)while在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的用法:while所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,動作只能是長動作,即動詞只能使用延續(xù)性動詞。該延續(xù)性動詞使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。主句的動詞根據(jù)動作可不可以延續(xù)決定,可以延續(xù)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),不可延續(xù)使用一般過去時(shí)。如:Whilehewasridinghisbike,hefelloff.WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mymotherwaswatchingTV.注意::在上述情況中,若動詞為表示動作的瞬間動詞時(shí),一般用一般過去時(shí),而不用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如,Luckily,whenlwenttoseehim,hewasathome.幸運(yùn)的是,我去看他時(shí),他在家。例(一):單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Icalledyouseveraltimesthismorning,butyoudidn'tanswer.—Sorry.I_____tennisthewholemorning.played B.isplaying C.wouldplay D.wasplaying2.—Iphonedyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon,butnobodyansweredme.—Sorry.Itheflowersinthegardenatthattime.A.waswatering B.amwatering C.water D.willwater3.Millie_________apicturewhenMr.Greencamein.A.drawB.willdrawC.drewD.wasdrawing4.—Wecouldn'tfindyouanywherearound8:00yesterdayevening.—I’msorryforit.MymotherandIinthesquare.A.dancedB.willdanceC.weredancingD.aredancing5.Sallytookaphotoofherfriendswhilethey_________putergames.A.play B.areplaying C.haveplayed D.wereplayingKeys:DADCD知識點(diǎn)8:過去將來時(shí)1.含義:表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀況。常用于主句是一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。2.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):(1)would+動詞原形(2)was/weregoingto+動詞原形3.用法:(1)表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語從句中,由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成。如:Heaskedwhenthemeetingwouldstart.用“was/weregoingto+動詞原形”所表示的過去將來時(shí)表示曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的動作。如:HewasgoingtostartanewjobwhenIsawhimthen.過去將來時(shí)運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí),而從句要用將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,該從句改用過去將來時(shí)。在賓語從句中常出現(xiàn)的有l(wèi)ater,soon,thenextday,thefollowingweek等。如:Themantoldmethathewasgoingtotryitagainthefollowingday.單項(xiàng)選擇1.—HasWendyhandedinherapplicationform?—Notsure.Shetoldmethatshewantedtocheckagainanditinsoon.A.willhand B.wouldhand C.hashanded D.hadhanded2.Theofficialsaidthey_______anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.A.makesB.wouldmake C.made D.havemadeWhatdidYangYingsay?Shesaidthey_______aschooltripthenextweekend.A.willhaveB.had C.wouldhave D.haveKeys:BBC用所給詞的正確形式填空Everyoneofuswasexcited,forinafewminuteswe__________(see)LiuXiangappearonthesportsground.Didshesaythatshe_________(attend)themeetingherselftomorrow?Heaskeduswho_______(give)usEnglishlessonsnextterm.4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(notstay)hereforlong.答案:wouldseewouldattendwouldgivewouldnotstay知識點(diǎn)9:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+動詞的過去分詞2.用法:(1)用于描述一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去,并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者可能還要延續(xù)到將來的動作。常和for和since連用。如:=1\*GB3①Theyhaveworkedinthefactoryfortenmonths.=2\*GB3②WehavelearnedEnglishsincenearlythreeyearsago.=3\*GB3③IthasbeennineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.=4\*GB3④Wehavebeenfriendssince2008.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的影響,此時(shí)這個(gè)動作一般不會延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如:=1\*GB3①Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.=2\*GB3②Ihavelostmykey.=3\*GB3③Haveyoufoundyourlostkeyyet?No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.3.since和for的用法區(qū)別和聯(lián)系(1)since的用法A.since后可加時(shí)間點(diǎn),如例句=2\*GB3②=4\*GB3④中的nearlythreeyearsago或2008.B.since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),后面的時(shí)間狀語從句動詞用一般過去時(shí),主句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),如例句=3\*GB3③。(2)for的用法:for后加一段時(shí)間。如例句=1\*GB3①(3)since和for用法的相互轉(zhuǎn)換:for+一段時(shí)間=since+一段時(shí)間+ago注意:有“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since”的句型。例如我們可以將上面的例句=3\*GB3③換成“ItisnineyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.”(4)對since和for的提問用howlong。如:HowlonghaveyoubeeninNanjing?Forthreeyears./Sincethreeyearsago.4.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語:ever、never、yet、already、recently、lately、overtheseyears、uptonow、just、since、for、sofar、during/inthepast/lastfewdays/weeks/months/years等。=1\*GB3①ever意為“曾經(jīng)”可用于疑問句或否定句中。如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?也用于肯定句中通常放在主句后面和最高級連用。如:ThisisthebestmodelshipthatIhaveeverseen.=2\*GB3②never意為“從來沒有”,常與before連用。Hehasneverfinishedataskbyhimselfbefore.=3\*GB3③注意just和justnow的區(qū)別。just和recently都表示“最近,剛剛”,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);justnow表示“剛才”,用于一般過去時(shí)。如:HehasjustebackfromAmerica./Hewasherejustnow.=4\*GB3④already,yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。already用于肯定句中,可放在助動詞之后,過去分詞之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中表示“還”,常放在句末。have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasbeento:曾經(jīng)去過,強(qiáng)調(diào)以往的經(jīng)歷。如:TheoldmanhasbeentoEgyptwhenhewasyoung.have/hasgoneto:去了某地,強(qiáng)調(diào)還沒有回來。如:Whereisyouruncle?Hehasgonetothesupermarket.have/hasbeenin:待在某地,住在某地。如:Mr.Smithhasbeeninthelabforovertenhours.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)注意句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,非延續(xù)性動詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。如:翻譯:這本書我從圖書館已經(jīng)借了兩個(gè)多星期了。誤:Ihavealreadyborrowedthebookforovertwoweeks.正:Ihavealreadykeptthebookforovertwoweeks.非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)可采用將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞的方式。如:e—bein/at;go—bein/at;diebedead;borrowkeep;buyhave;joinbein(beamember);leavebeaway等。注意:非延續(xù)性動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),只是不能與一段時(shí)間連用。非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeonebeat/ingobeat/infinish/endbeoverdiebedeadjoinbein/beamemberofleavebeawayfromarrive/reachbein/atgetmarriedbemarried被動語態(tài)一、基本情況:英語的語態(tài)有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種,主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。二、構(gòu)成:陳述句:主語+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化)肯定句:主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞否定句:主語+be+not+及物動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句:Be+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+?特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式+?三、被動語態(tài)的用法:不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本步驟:1.將主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語,主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的介詞by的賓語.2.將主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞變成“助動詞be+該動詞的過去分詞”注意時(shí)態(tài)不變。3.助動詞要與新的主語保持“數(shù)”的一致;若主語和賓語是人稱代詞時(shí),“格”應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。如:Theworkersmakemachinesinthisfactory.主語謂語賓語其他成分Machinesaremadebytheworkersinthisfactory.主語謂語by的賓語其他成分各種形式的被動語態(tài):(一)、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài):構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞Alotofbooksarekeptinourschoollibrary.2.一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài):構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞 Athiefwascaughtlastnight.Theywereaskedtospeakatthemeeting.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài):構(gòu)成:主語+助動詞am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去分詞Anewlibraryisbeingputupintheschoolnow.Themachinesarebeingrepaired.4.一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài):構(gòu)成:主語+will/begoingto+be+及物動詞的過去分詞TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingin2008.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài):構(gòu)成:主語+have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞Mybaghasbeenstolen.Thisairporthasneverbeenused.(二)、雙賓語的被動語態(tài):含有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),(1)常把那個(gè)指人的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;(2)也可把指物的直接賓語用作主語,但此時(shí)必須在間接賓語前面加上介詞to或for。Hegavemeapen.→Iwasgivenapenbyhim.→Apenwasgiventomebyhim.Shedrewthemapictureyesterday.→Theyweredrawnapictureyesterday.→Apicturewasdrawnforthemyesterday.注意:give,pass,lend,write,showtell等動詞后的介詞用to;draw,buy,make,find,cook,keep等動詞后的介詞用for。(三)復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài):若主動語態(tài)的句子為“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”則變?yōu)椤百e作主,賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)”IaskedhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.→HewasaskedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意:感覺動詞和使役動詞在主動句中其后的動詞不定式不帶to,但變被動句時(shí)to必須還原。Thebossmadeherworkfor16hoursaday.→Shewasmadetoworkfor16hoursbyherbossaday.類似的詞有:ask,tell,invent,except,warn,advise,make,let,hear,see,watch,feel,notice.但類似seesb.doingsth.的句子則不這樣變:Ihearhimreadingintheroom.→Hewasheardreadingintheroombyme.特殊情況的被動語態(tài):
1.帶雙賓語的被動語態(tài):
動詞+sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)
口訣:如遇雙賓語,一般變間賓,若把直賓變,to/for間賓連。
1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。
givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.
2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。
buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb
Hegavemeabook
I_______________abookbyhim.Abook_________________mebyhim.
Mymothermademeacake.
I____________acakebymymotherAcake_____________mebymymother.Keys:wasgiven;wasgivento;wasmade;wasmadefor
2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動語態(tài):動詞+sb+dosth.
口訣:感使動詞真叫怪,to來to去記心懷,主動語態(tài)to離去,被動語態(tài)to回來。
動詞:make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch
makesbdosthsb+be+made+todosth
Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday
Theworkers__________________workalldaybytheboss.Keys:weremadeto
3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中變被動語態(tài)時(shí)doing不變。
IheardTomsingingjustnowTom__________________bymejustnow.Key:washeardsinging
4.以動詞短語作謂語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時(shí),不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould________________________.Key:betakencareof有些詞組沒有被動語態(tài):sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewellwashwell
(四)、短語動詞的被動語態(tài):有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞,可以有被動語態(tài)。但要注意,短語動詞是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí),不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。Theteacherstakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof(bytheteachers).Theyhavesentforthedoctor.→Thedoctorhasbeensentfor.(五)、含有情動詞的被動語態(tài):(hadbetter,wouldlike,haveto,beableto,begoingto)構(gòu)成:“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞” Wemustplanttrees.→Treesmustbeplanted.肯定句:Bookscanbetakenoutofthelibrary.否定句:Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.疑問句:Canbooksbetakenoutofthelibrary?(六)、以下情況的主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài):不及物動詞及部分短語動詞詞組(takeplace;happen;breakout;belongto)沒有被動語態(tài),因?yàn)闆]有賓語可變作主語。Thestoryhappenedin1999.Afirebrokeoutinhishouse.Thedictionarybelongstome.ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextMonday.=ThemeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.2.表狀態(tài)的動詞(cost;last;take;have;sell;fit;bee等)不能用于被動語態(tài)。Thepencostsfiveyuan.Coldweatherlastslong.Thiskindofdictionarysellswell.當(dāng)賓語和謂語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體時(shí)。Wehadaswimintheriveryesterday.Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.當(dāng)賓語為動詞不定式或Ving時(shí)。Iwanttowritealetter.Shefinishedreadingthebook.當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)。Youshouldtakecareofyourself.Theyoftenhelpeachother.當(dāng)賓語起狀語作用時(shí),表示數(shù)量、長度、大小、程度、地點(diǎn)、或處所及方位之類時(shí)。Thecoatcost100yuan.(表數(shù)量)Ipaidtenyuanforthedictionary.當(dāng)系動詞作謂語時(shí)。(look,seem,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,bee,keep,is,fall等)Helooksworried.Theflowerssmellgood.寫作說明文1)體裁特點(diǎn)說明文寫作就是用簡單的文字說明事物的特點(diǎn)、類別、構(gòu)造、用途、成因等。它包括廣告、知識小品、教材、書文簡介、理論性概念或定律的解釋。批注:說明文實(shí)用性很強(qiáng),它包括廣告、說明書、內(nèi)容提要、規(guī)則章程、解說詞、科普說明文、文藝性說明文等。說明文一般介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、類別、關(guān)系、功能,解釋事物的原理、含義、特點(diǎn)、演變等。建議任課老師給學(xué)生突出強(qiáng)調(diào)說明文寫作的以下基本特點(diǎn):解說性和條理性。2)技巧點(diǎn)撥寫說明文要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.要抓準(zhǔn)特征。對某一事物予以說明,首先要弄清從哪些方面加以說明才能準(zhǔn)確地反映被說明的事物。一般說來,說明事物可以從被說明事物的顏色、形狀、形態(tài);性質(zhì)、性能、習(xí)性;原因、原理;作用、用途、功能;危害、影響;結(jié)構(gòu);操作過程;發(fā)生、發(fā)展的規(guī)律等方面著手。但是,每一事物都有它自己的特征,因而顯示出了這一事物與其他一事物的根本區(qū)別,因此,在說明事物時(shí),不要面面俱到,要抓住事物的特征,這樣才能使讀者得到具體而深刻的印象。2.層次要分明。說明事物要注意條理,否則就不可能說清復(fù)雜的事物。例如說明事物的結(jié)構(gòu),就要按照構(gòu)造的順序來說明,或從上到下,或從前到后,或由外到里,或由主到次。又如說明四季的變化,就要按照時(shí)間的順序(spring,summer,autumn,winter)來寫。3.解析要清楚。對各種知識所作的解釋,對某種事物所作的說明,都要清楚明白。4.表現(xiàn)手法要多樣。常見的說明文方法有:①下定義。②舉例子。③運(yùn)用比喻、比擬的方法。④做比較。⑤引用數(shù)字。⑥分類別。⑦列圖表。5.用詞要力求準(zhǔn)確。引用的數(shù)據(jù)要絕對可靠,文字要簡明扼要,一目了然。【精題精練精講】單選1.Ilikemynewbike.It______verywell.Arides B.isriding C.isridden D.hasridden2.Cotton______niceandsoft.A.isfelt B.isfeeling C.feel D.feels3.Theworld______.Thingsneverstaythesame.A.changes B.ischanging C.waschanging D.willchange4.Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?Yes,Ihave.A.wentto B.goneto C.beenin D.beento5.I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain,It______10minutesago.A.left B.hasleft C.hadleft D.hasbeenleft6.Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?John____________.A.cleaned B.does C.did D.is7.—Mum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball?—______you_____yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finish D.Have;finished8.—Oh,MrsKing,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I______itfortwoyears.A.had B.havehad C.bought D.havebought9.—Willyourmother______youifyou______theEnglishexam?—Ofcoursenot.BecauseIamtryingmybest.A.beangrywith,don'tpass B.beangrywith,won'tpassC.beangryto,don'tpass D.beangryto,won'tpass10.Listen!Someofthegirls__________aboutHarryPotter.Let'sjointhem!A.aretalking B.talk C.willtalk D.talked11.Ourteacher,MissChen,__________Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teaches B.taught C.willteach D.hadtaught12.Idon'tthinkI__________youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseen B.wasseeing C.saw D.see13.Shewillhaveaholidayassoonasshe___________theworknextweek.A.finishes B.doesn'tfinish C.willfinish D.won'tfinish14.WhereisMrGreennow?Ihaven'tseenhimforafewdays.He___________toHongKong.A.goes B.willgo C.isgoing D.hasgone15.Whenshewas22yearsold,herdreamtobeateacher____________.A.cametrue B.etrue C.camereal D.ereal16.Iwon'tetothepartyunlessSue______,too.
YoumeanifSueesyou'lle?A.willinvite B.invites C.invited D.isinvited17.Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Billy?
No,it's______.I'mallrightnow,mum.A.dropped B.run C.left D.gone18.Whatareonshowinthemuseum?Somephotos______byAfricanchildren.A.aretaken B.weretaken C.taken D.havebeentaken19.AtalkonChinesehistory___intheschoolhallnextweek.A.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgive20.Youmaygofishingifyourwork____________.A.isdone B.willbedone C.hasdone D.havedone21.TheOlympicGames,firstcelebratedinAthensin1896,
everyfouryears________sofarthiscentury,exceptduringthetwoworldwars.A.areheld
B.wereheld
C.havebeenheld
D.hadbeenheld
22.Anewcinema____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuilt B.isbuilt C.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt23.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesigned B.hadbeendesigned C.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned24.Visitors______nottotouchtheexhibits.A.willrequest B.request C.arerequesting D.arerequested25.—Weretheygoodtoyouduringyourstaythere?—Sure!I________oneofthefamilythere.A.wastreatedas B.wastreatedlike C.hadbeenlookedonlike D.hadbeenconsideredlike【參考答案】1.A"ride"用作不及物動詞,有一種用法,就是表示"(車、馬等)騎起來感覺如何",本題正是這個(gè)用法,所以,用另外三種形式都不合適。2.D自然規(guī)律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。3.B"Thingsneverstaythesame."表明世界是運(yùn)動的。所以應(yīng)該說"世界在變"。用進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.D語境表明是"曾經(jīng)去過",ever是"曾經(jīng)"的意思。5.A"10minutesago"決定用一般過去時(shí)。6.依上下文選用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。7.Dyet一般多與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。8.Bfor引導(dǎo)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語一般同完成時(shí)態(tài)連用,had這里是"買"的意思,不用havebought,是因?yàn)閎uy是短暫動詞,不同完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。9.Abeangrywith意思是"同生氣";含條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句是將來時(shí),從句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10.A"Listen!"表明動作正在進(jìn)行。11.Bthedaybeforeyesterday是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志。12.A副詞before一般與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。13.A含時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句是將來時(shí),從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。14.Dhasgone用于指"去某地了"(現(xiàn)在不在說話的地方)。15.Aetrue意思是"成為現(xiàn)實(shí)"。主從句動詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致。16.D根據(jù)上下文意思,邀請的人不是Sue,"Sue"和"I"都是被邀請的對象,所以要用被動語態(tài)。17.D說"病好了,癥狀消失了"多用"begone"。18.C根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),"Somephotos"不是句子的主語,所以A、B、D三個(gè)用作謂語的動詞不能用在這里。"taken"這里是"過去分詞",連同后面的詞,一起作"Somephotos"的定語。19.C主語是"Atalk"決定了動詞用被動語態(tài),nextweek決定了要用將來時(shí)態(tài)。20.A主語是work,又依語言環(huán)境用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。21.A.奧運(yùn)會作主語應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),敘述一般事實(shí)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。22.D從后一分句Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth可知,電影院此刻正在建設(shè)中。故應(yīng)選D。23.B句中有“bytheendof+過去時(shí)間”結(jié)構(gòu),句子的謂語動詞一般用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句子的主語是物,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。其正確答案為B。24.D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的主語承受謂語動詞所表示的動作,故本句應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。應(yīng)選D。25.A談話涉及的是過去的情況,故使用一般過去時(shí)。treat…as...意為“把……當(dāng)作……”。詞匯(非一空一詞)1.QianXuesen(consider)as“FatherofMissile(導(dǎo)彈)inChina”.
2.Teenagersshould(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.
3.Theoldcar(produce)inGermanyinthe1960s.
4.Librariesorreadingcorners(build)inhopeprimaryschoolsalongthewayofLongMarchinafewyears.
5.Markwastheonlystudentthat(choose)toattendthemeeting.
6.UsuallyTVprogrammes(record)firstandsentoutlater.
7.Tea(bring)toWesterncountriesinthe19thcentury.
8.—Itissaidthataspacestation(build)ontheMoon.
—Howamazing!Butitmaytakealongtime,Iguess.9.Nowadaysskylanterns(see)asbrightsymbolsofgoodluck.
10.—Look!Somanystudentsarewaitingoutsidetheschoolgate.—That’strue.Perhapsthegatemay(open)alittleearlierinthemorning.
1.isconsidered2.beallowed3.wasproduced4.willbebuilt5.waschosen6.arerecorded7.wasbrought8.willbebuilt9.areseen10.beopened三、作文隨著現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展,機(jī)器人已經(jīng)來到我們身邊,給人們生活帶來便利。請根據(jù)下表所述內(nèi)容,介紹家用機(jī)器人基本情況,并就如何更好地利用機(jī)器人為我們服務(wù)提出建議。簡介家用機(jī)器人外觀時(shí)尚,使用范圍廣泛,受到人們的歡迎。主要功能1.煮飯、清掃房間;2.照顧、陪伴老人;3.處理緊急事件,撥打拯救生命。存在問題1.技術(shù)不夠成熟,存在安全隱患;2.價(jià)格偏高,普通家庭消費(fèi)不起。你的建議……(至少兩點(diǎn))參考詞匯:家用機(jī)器人householdrobots要求:1)表達(dá)清楚,語法正確,上下文連貫;2)必須包括表格中所有的相關(guān)信息,并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;3)詞數(shù):100詞左右(征文的開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù));4)不得使用真實(shí)姓名、校名和地名等。Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,robotshaveenteredourlives,whichbringsgreatconveniencetous.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,robotshaveenteredourlives,which
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 游戲經(jīng)銷商協(xié)議
- 建筑綠化凈化施工合同
- 橋梁照明系統(tǒng)安裝合同
- 預(yù)付款合同管理要點(diǎn)
- 建筑工程技術(shù)建造師聘用合同
- 云計(jì)算行業(yè)試用期合同簽訂策略
- 生物醫(yī)藥工廠勞動合同模板
- 兒童醫(yī)院護(hù)士錄用合同模板
- 電子產(chǎn)品租賃合同協(xié)議書
- 兒童科學(xué)館裝修協(xié)議
- 國開汽車學(xué)院《項(xiàng)目管理》形考作業(yè)1-4答案
- 歌唱語音智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年齊魯師范學(xué)院
- 健康膳食解碼智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年佳木斯大學(xué)
- 《中國心力衰竭診斷和治療指南2024》解讀
- 2023年肝糖原的提取鑒定與定量實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告
- 年產(chǎn)10噸功能益生菌凍干粉的工廠設(shè)計(jì)改
- 2.秸稈和落葉的有效處理課件
- 一般行業(yè)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目安全條件和設(shè)施綜合分析報(bào)告
- 四年級體育與健康上冊復(fù)習(xí)題與答案
- 注塑機(jī)冷卻水系統(tǒng)工程
- 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)與受體
評論
0/150
提交評論