2024屆高考英語(yǔ)七選五題型特點(diǎn)-解題思路 導(dǎo)學(xué)案

習(xí)題課高考英語(yǔ)七選五題型特點(diǎn)-解題思路-技巧及訓(xùn)練班級(jí)_________姓名___________日期________學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握七選五的解題思路和技巧一.前置研究：1.題目要求：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。高考大綱要求：《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)該題型命題的目的表達(dá)為“主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！?.考查方式1.篇：主旨句，即對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的理解2.段：過(guò)渡句，注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)3.句：注釋句，注意上下文邏輯選項(xiàng)中的多余兩項(xiàng)可以通過(guò)以上特點(diǎn)排除，如過(guò)于寬泛，以偏概全，或者偏離主題的句子，與文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)不一致的句子，與上下文脫節(jié)的句子等應(yīng)為多余選項(xiàng)。二.解題思路：1.看位置：是段首段中還是段尾2.找詞匯：鎖定選項(xiàng)與文中信息相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯3.思邏輯：思考選項(xiàng)與文中信息是否符合行文邏輯三.解題策略1.標(biāo)題型（1）大標(biāo)題短小精悍，大寫(xiě)。（2）小標(biāo)題短小精悍，形式統(tǒng)一，多為名詞性短語(yǔ)或祈使句2.首句型（1）首段首句，點(diǎn)出主題，引出下文。（2）中間段首句，本段主題，上下文承接。（3）末段首句，文章主題，總結(jié)全文。3.段中型細(xì)辨關(guān)系，注意關(guān)鍵詞銜接（1）詞匯線索，包括代詞，同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。（2）邏輯關(guān)系線索，包括并列遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比，順序因果，解釋例證。4.段尾型承上啟下作用或與上文存有某種邏輯關(guān)系或結(jié)論句四.解題步驟1.看標(biāo)題副標(biāo)題，預(yù)測(cè)文章大意,如果有的話。2.如果沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，先看選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)句首的連詞，如If，But,And,However,等等；注意句子中的代詞，如it,he,she,this,that，they等等，代詞一般指代上文中提到的事物,因此有代詞的選項(xiàng)，要弄清代詞指代什么。用筆把這些詞劃下劃線標(biāo)注。3.通讀全文，注重看空前空后的句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)；注意文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注意句式，例如，某段首句是空，而其它段開(kāi)頭都是祈使句，那么這個(gè)空應(yīng)該也要填祈使句，那就在選項(xiàng)中找祈使句，如果選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)祈使句，那么就是它；如果有兩個(gè)或以上祈使句，再看其是否能夠概括該段的主題，再鎖定答案。4.靈活掌握答題順序，第一空一般先不要選，先易后難，先選確定的空，再逐步縮小包圍圈。建議將阿拉伯題號(hào)寫(xiě)在選項(xiàng)字母前。5.代入答案，通讀判斷是否通順，可以將多余選項(xiàng)代入文中，確定排除。五.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,小試牛刀（先獨(dú)立完成，然后小組討論合作探究）1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)是指文章上下文不同位置對(duì)同一概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，以保證前后銜接，主要包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn),同范疇詞等。同范疇詞。同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。例如，fruitapple,banana,pear,sportsrunning,swimming,jumping,furniturebed,table,chair.Kids'health:FourstepsforfightingstressEverybodygetsstressedfromtimetotime.1_____.Somewaysofdealingwithstress-likescreamingorhittingsomeone一don'tsolvemuch.Butotherways,liketalkingtosomeoneyoutrust,canleadyoutosolvingyourproblemoratleastfeelingbetter.Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktotrustedadult,suchasparentorotherrelatives.2____Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.(2)Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.Sometimeswhenkidsarestressedandupsettheytakeitoutonthemselves.Oh,dear,that'snotgoodidea.Rememberthattherearealwayspeopletohelpyou.Don'ttakeitoutonyourself.3———(3)Trytosolvetheproblem.Afteryou'recalmandyouhavesupportfromadultsandfriends,it'stimetogetdowntobusiness.4______.Evenifyoucan'tsolveitall,youcansolveapieceofit.(4)Bepositive.Moststressistemporary(暫時(shí)的).Rememberstressdoesgoaway,especiallywhenyoufigureouttheproblemandstartworkingonsolvingit.Thesestepsaren'tmagic,buttheydowork.Andifyoucanstaypositiveasyoumakeyourwaythroughatoughtime,you'llhelpyourselffeelbetterevenfaster.5_____A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysD.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.G.Then,findawaytocalmdown.2.代詞指代。英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。巧妙利用指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確快速地解題。Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit’seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight:?Scheduleyearlyexams.1_____.Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.?ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外線).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.2________.?Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.3_____.Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.?4______.Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(維生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.?Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses（隱形眼鏡）.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.5_____.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.A.Eatyourgreens.B.Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D.Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E.Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.F.Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G.Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.3.邏輯關(guān)系銜接。并列關(guān)系：First或Firstly,Second或Secondly,First,then,next;Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,foronething,fortheotherthing遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,tomakemattersworse因果關(guān)系：so,therefore,consequently,asaresult,asaresultof,because,becauseof,since,as,解釋例證關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords,轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系：but,however,yet,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,nevertheless,still,incontrast,概括歸納關(guān)系：inshort,insummary,ingeneral,inconclusion,toconclude,brieflyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways1_______.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.2____.Wheneverorwhereveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.3______.

Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.

●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.

●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.

●Writeyournotesinyourownwords.

●4_______.

●Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.

Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.5______.

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.

G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.4.相似句式。比如上題中的第4空，應(yīng)和其它句子一樣，用祈使句。A（第2空）Forpeoplewiththousandsofpagestoread,speedreadingseemslikeamannafromheaven.Inaddition,speedreadinghelpslightentheloadofinformationyouhavetoabsorbsinceitprovidesafilterthatyoucanuseinscreeningallbitsofinformationbeforeyouapproachthem.1_____.Examininghowmuchinformationyouneedwillhelpyouidentifyhowyoushouldreadacertaindocumenttomaximizeyourlearningandcomprehension.Thoroughreadingmaynolongerbenecessaryinsomecases,suchaswhenyouonlyneedanoutlineofacertaindocument.Anotherskillthatcaneasetheburdenofareaderistheabilitytoreadwordsinblocks.Makesureyoudonotspendtoolongonacertainblock.2_____.Thisalsomakesreadinglesstiresomeandboring.Tomasterthisimportantskill,youhavetopracticereadingmoreandmorewordsinacertainblockatonetime.Asuggestionsharedbysomeexpertsregardingthisstepistoincreasethedistancebetweenyouandthedocumentyouarereading.Ifyoucanreadmoreandmorewordsinoneblock,youcancutdownonthetimeitusuallytakesyoutoreadacertaintextandyouwillbeabletoreadmoreinashorterperiod.Readersshouldalsopracticereducingthenumberoftimestheygobacktoprevioussectionsorblocks.Usingapointersuchasthetipofapencilorpencanalsohelptomaketheflowofyourreadingsmootherandfaster.3____.Thus,yourspeedinreadingwilllargelydependonthespeedofthemovementofyourpointer.Ifyoustillfindyourselfconfusedaboutthetopicevenafteryouhavefinishedreadingthedocument,donotre-readrightaway.Re-readingimmediatelywilljustleadtoslowerspeedinreading.4______.Gettingyourownreadingcornerwillalsohelp.5______.Continuepracticingandpracticingthetechniquesaforementionedandsoon,you'llachievethereadingspeedthatwillworkbestforyou.A.Inthistechnique,youreyeswillfollowthetipofthepointer.B.Thissavestimeandreducestheeffortthatyouhavetomake.C.Takingashortbreakfirstisrecommendedbeforereadingthematerialagain.D.Asafinalnote,themostimportantpointisconsistentanddeliberatepractice.E.Yourinvaluabletimecanbesavedifyoucanhaveyourreadingspeeddoubled.F.Thefirststeptoincreaseyourreadingspeedistoidentifythespecificinformationyouneed.G.Reducingthetimeyouspendonaspecificnumberofwordsinablockwillmakenodifference.B（第40空）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36.Hereishowtomakeone.37.Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreason,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake. Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38.That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer. Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39. Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40.Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafétogetcoffee.綜合運(yùn)用舉例：TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward，theriskseemsworthtaking.__1__Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk－takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring.__2__Asthequalityofrisk－takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext，humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well，even200，000yearsago，toomuchrisk－takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived，though，alongwithafewstay－in－the－cavetypes.Asaresult，humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit.__3__.Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk－seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.__4__Tohelpyoudothat，yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks，soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.__5__Fortherisk－seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive，whilefortherestofus，apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk－seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains，thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B．Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C．Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D．Thus,thesewell－equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E．Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F．However，wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G．Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.教師總結(jié)：詞匯是基礎(chǔ)，理解是關(guān)鍵。閱讀是學(xué)習(xí)任何語(yǔ)言的方法和目的。博覽群書(shū)，博聞強(qiáng)記，只有通過(guò)大量有益的閱讀，才能拓展我們的語(yǔ)言能力，幫助我們獲取所需的語(yǔ)言信息。閱讀分為有聲的朗讀和默讀，每天應(yīng)抽出時(shí)間，大聲朗讀文章或?qū)υ?，深刻體會(huì)篇章脈絡(luò)，對(duì)于生詞更要多次反復(fù)，加深記憶；默讀適用于考試和平時(shí)閱讀文章以獲取有用信息，每讀完一篇文章，要將生詞解決，查清音標(biāo)，詞性，意思和固定搭配，記錄在筆記本上或記在出處，早讀和其它空閑時(shí)間，拿出來(lái)朗讀背誦。自己小結(jié)：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________課后作業(yè)：AEveryoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth.__1__Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult._2_Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.__3__Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh.4__Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.__5__First，cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調(diào)料)．Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then，it’sreadytoserve.Donotbuyit.B．Theeasiestistosteamit.C．Thisishowyoucandoit.D．Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E．Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F．Whenbuyingfish，youshouldfirstsmellit.G．Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.BThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy._1.__Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingthe