非謂語形式課件高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語形式

高考專題非謂語形式

在英語中，一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只能有一個(gè)謂語動詞，再出現(xiàn)動詞時(shí)，就要使用非謂語形式。1.

非謂語的各種形式及其句法功能非謂語形式主動形式被動形式句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√-ing形式動名詞doing—havingdonebeingdonehaving

beendone√√√√

現(xiàn)在分詞

√√√√-ed形式過去分詞—done

√√√√2.

非謂語形式作主語（1）基本用法情況用法示例說明不定式作主語具體的、一次性的動作Tohesitatemeansfailure.

猶豫不決就意味著失敗。通?？梢曰Q，但主語和賓語（或表語）一般是對稱的動名詞作主語抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動作Sayingiseasierthandoing.說比做容易。Walkingisagoodformofexercise.散步是一種很好的鍛煉方式。(2)it作形式主語情況句型示例不定式作真正主語Ittakes/tooksb.+時(shí)間/金錢+todo

sth.Ittookusthreedaystofinishthetask.我們花了三天完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Itbe+n./adj.+todosth.It'sunlikehimtobelate.他可不是遲到的那種人。It'savirtuetoadmitandovercomeone'sownshortcomings.承認(rèn)并克服自己的缺點(diǎn)是一種美德。動名詞作真正主語Itbe+nouse/nogood/fun+doingsth.It'snousecomplainingwithoutaction.不行動只抱怨沒有用。It'snotmuchfungoingtoapartyalone.獨(dú)自參加聚會沒什么意思。2.

非謂語形式作主語3.非謂語形式作表語情況句型示例不定式作表語對主語作進(jìn)一步說明,其主語通常為aim、choice、decision、dream、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish等Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.活著就是要做一些值得做的事情。Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.教育的目的是培養(yǎng)兒童的優(yōu)秀品格。動名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì),無正在進(jìn)行之意,主語和表語可互換位置Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。Thebestpolicyisbeinghonest.誠實(shí)方為上策。分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征,通?？芍苯涌醋餍稳菰~,現(xiàn)在分詞常譯為“令人……的”,多用于修飾物;過去分詞常譯為“感到……的”,多用于修飾人(詳見專題五“分詞形容詞”)1.Inmostcountries,

(turn)18marksthestartofadulthood.

(外研XB2U1)2.Althoughhighlyregardedbooksdonotalwaysmakegoodfilms,itissafe

(say)thatgreatfilmsmaybemadefromnotparticularlygoodbooks.

(北師大XB2U6)3.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheach

other.Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,gets

(attack)byinsects.

(外研XB1U5)turningtosayattacked即練即清24.非謂語形式作賓語(1)作動詞的賓語情況示例只跟不定式agree同意attempt嘗試choose選擇;寧愿

decline拒絕

determine下決心

fail未做成

manage設(shè)法做成

offer主動提出

prepare準(zhǔn)備

pretend假裝

promise承諾

refuse拒絕

tend往往會

volunteer志愿只跟動名詞admit承認(rèn)

advise/suggest建議

advocate支持

appreciate感激

avoid/escape避免consider仔細(xì)考慮

delay/postpone推遲

deny否認(rèn)

enjoy享受,喜歡

finish完成

imagine想象

include包括

involve包含

keep(on)繼續(xù)

mention提到mind介意

miss錯(cuò)過practise練習(xí)

resist抵制,忍住

risk冒險(xiǎn)情況示例既可以跟不定式又可以跟動名詞意義無區(qū)別begin/start開始like/love喜歡continue繼續(xù)intend打算

prefer更喜歡意義有區(qū)別4.非謂語形式作賓語(1)作動詞的賓語(2)作介詞的賓語介詞后往往用動名詞作賓語。Theybrokeintoloudcheersonhearingthenews.一聽到這個(gè)消息他們都高聲歡呼。Dressingwellisaboutbeingpolite.穿著講究是有教養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)。Readingagoodbookisliketalkingwithaloftyperson.讀一本好書就像是和一位高人談話。4.非謂語形式作賓語(3)it作形式賓語不定式或動名詞作賓語時(shí),如果賓語后帶有賓補(bǔ),常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語后置,構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu):v.+it+n./adj.+todo/doing。Ifinditmyresponsibilitytohelpthoseinneed.我覺得幫助那些需要幫助的人是我的責(zé)任。Iconsideritimportanttoalwaysbekindandrespectfultoothers.我認(rèn)為總是善待和尊重他人是很重要的。Wethinkituselesslearningatheorywithoutpractice.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)理論而不實(shí)踐是沒有用的。4.非謂語形式作賓語即練即清31.Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggested

(use)theextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.

(人教XB1U1)2.Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstend

(link)withpositiveemotions.

(譯林XB1U1)3.Keydutiesinclude

(explore)theislandsoftheGreatBarrierReefand

(find)outwhattheareahastooffer.

(外研XB1U6改)usingtobelinkedexploringfinding

5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(1)非謂語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語情況用法示例不定式作賓補(bǔ)advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、drive、encourage、expect、force、invite、order、permit、recommend、require、teach、tell、want等詞后常跟帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)Theytaughtmetobestrongandfollowmyheart.他們教我學(xué)會堅(jiān)強(qiáng),學(xué)會聽從自己的心聲。Thesituationrequiresustoquickenoureconomicreform.形勢要求我們加快經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。感官動詞feel、hear、listento、lookat、observe、see、notice、watch以及使役動詞let、have、make等詞后常跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)【口訣:五看三使二聽一感覺】IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.讓那些有需要的人明白,我們會全力以赴幫助他們。情況用法示例分詞作賓補(bǔ)分詞一般在感官動詞、使役動

詞或一些表示意愿的動詞后作

賓補(bǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞常表示賓語和

賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系;過去分詞常

表示賓語和賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系Shesmeltsomethingburning.她聞到有東西燒糊了。Shesawthethiefcaughtbypolicemen.她看見那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。Hebegantowishthewholebusinessfinished.他開始希望整個(gè)事情早日結(jié)束。Ihavekeptyouwaitingalongtime.我使你久等了。5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(1)非謂語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(2)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)意義示例with/without+賓語+todo表將來Withalotofworktodo,hewasn'tallowedtogoout.因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做,他沒有被允許外出。with/without+賓語+doing表主動Withthenoisegoingon,Ican'tconcentrateonmywork.吵鬧聲不絕于耳,我無法集中精力工作。with/without+賓語+done表被動Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen.她的自行車被偷了,她只好步行回家。5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(3)作主語補(bǔ)足語在“動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),則需要將賓語前置,變成主語,此時(shí),

原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主補(bǔ)。Sheissaidtobeover100.據(jù)說她有100多歲了。

Bellwasconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.大家認(rèn)為是貝爾發(fā)明了電話。Thedoorwasleftfirmlyfastened.門緊鎖著。Tomwascaughtdozingoffinclass.湯姆被發(fā)現(xiàn)上課時(shí)打瞌睡。

5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語即練即清41.Somechildrendon'tfeellikelaughing,especiallyifthey'reinpain.Wehavetoworkcloselywiththedoctorsandnurses,whokeepus

(update)oneachpatient.

(外研XB1U1改)2.Despitehisfather'ssuccessfulcareer,Stephenwasthoughtbymanypeople,including

hishighschoolteammatesandcoaches,

(be)tooshort,toothinandtooweak

tofollowinhisfather'sfootsteps.

(外研XB1U3)3.Withuslong

(believe)thattalkingplantsarefantasy,newresearchhasre-

vealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.

(外研XB1U5)updatedtobebelieving6.非謂語形式作定語情況用法示例不定式作定語表示動作即將發(fā)生Ihavemanyassignmentstodo.我有很多作業(yè)要做。Theconferencetotakeplacenextmonthisboundtobeagreatsuccess.下個(gè)月舉行的會議一定會取得巨大的成功。多用于ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、decision、desire、determination、effort、reason、time、tradition等詞后Hehasanambitiontobecomeaworldchampion.他一心想成為世界冠軍。Thankyouforgivingmethechancetodeliverthespeech.謝謝你給我發(fā)言的機(jī)會。多用于被序數(shù)詞、theonly、the

last、theright或形容詞最高級修

飾的名詞后Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.他總是第一個(gè)來,最后一個(gè)離開。Heisthebestpersontodothejob.他是做這個(gè)工作的最佳人選。情況用法示例動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途aswimmingpool游泳池(=apoolforswimming)

asleepingbag睡袋(=abagforsleeping)writingskills寫作技巧(=skillsforwriting)分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動、完成Abarkingdogseldombites.吠犬不咬人。(前置定語)Unfulfilledwishlivesonintheunconscious.未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望在無意識中繼續(xù)存在。(前置定語)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturnedforqualityproblems.生產(chǎn)商定期來收取因質(zhì)量問題而被退回的相機(jī)。(后置定語)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyonTV.昨晚,有數(shù)百萬人在電視上觀看了開幕式。(后置定語)6.非謂語形式作定語溫馨提示

tobedone、beingdone與done作定語的區(qū)別ameetingtobeheldtomorrow一場明天將要舉行的會議(表被動,表將來)ameetingbeingheldatpresent一場此刻正在進(jìn)行的會議(表被動,表正在進(jìn)行)ameetingheldyesterday一場昨天舉行的會議(表被動,表完成)即練即清51.Togetthisjob,thecandidateshadtomakeashortvideo

(show)howmuch

theyknewabouttheGreatBarrierReef.

(外研XB1U6改)2.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisement

willalsocreateadesire

(buy),thusboostingbusiness.

(譯林XB2U1)3.Despitethechallenges,therehavebeensomehighlysuccessfulfilms

(make)frompopularbooks.

(北師大XB2U6)4.Injustoneday,apersoncanseehundredsof

(market)messages.

(譯林XB2U1)5.Thefirstlandmark

(catch)myeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,the

world'slongestbridge

(build)overpermafrost.

(外研XB1U6)showingtobuymademarketingtocatchbuilt

7.非謂語形式作狀語情況用法示例不定式作狀語表示目的,除可以直接使用以外,也可用于inordertodo或soastodo結(jié)構(gòu)IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.我覺得累了,就停車休息一會兒。Heusedcomputerssoastosolvetheproblemsmoreefficiently.他使用計(jì)算機(jī)以便更快地解決問題。用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示結(jié)果Hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.他激動得睡不著。She'soldenoughtodecideforherself.她已到自己做決定的年齡了。YesterdayIwenttoseeheronlyto

learnthatshehadgoneabroada

weekbefore.昨天我去看她,卻得知她一周前出國了。(出乎意料的結(jié)果)與表示情感、狀態(tài)的形容詞連用,表示原因Iwashonoredtobeinvited.能夠被邀請,我很榮幸。Hewasdisappointedtofindthatshewasgone.發(fā)現(xiàn)她走了,他很失望。情況用法示例分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示作狀語的動詞與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系;過去分詞表示作狀語的動詞與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系Broughtupinthecountryside,hehasdifficultyinadaptingtocity

life.他在農(nóng)村被養(yǎng)大,很難適應(yīng)城市生活。(原因狀語)Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.聽到這個(gè)消息,他們立即出發(fā)去上海了。(時(shí)間狀語)Shestoodatthewindow,watchingthesunset.她站在窗前看落日。(伴隨狀語)Heturnedoffthelamp,seeingnothing.他熄了燈,什么也看不見了。(結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果)Workinghardashewas,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyahouse.他雖然努力地干,但仍然掙不夠買房的錢。(讓步狀語)7.非謂語形式作狀語情況用法示例獨(dú)立成分作狀語不定式短語totell(you)thetruth老實(shí)說

tobehonest老實(shí)說

tobeginwith首先tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是

tosumup總之

tobebrief簡言之分詞短語consideringthat考慮到,鑒于

generallyspeaking一般來說

giventhat考慮到,鑒于

judgingby/from根據(jù)……來判斷

providing/providedthat假設(shè)

supposingthat假設(shè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語作狀語的動詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致,而是帶有自己的邏輯主語,即“名詞/代詞+分詞(短語)”Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束后,我們開始放假了。Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。7.非謂語形式作狀語即練即清61.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustan

idea,butenough

(inspire)Darwintolookformoreevidence.

(外研XB1U5)2.Thisfungal(真菌的)networklinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.

(use)thewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.

(外研XB1U5)3.

(know)astheworld'slargestsportinggalainscale,the19thAsianGames

Hangzhouarenotonlyaplatformfortheathletestocompete,butalsoastageforpeopleto

communicate.toinspireUsingKnown8.其他用法(1)疑問詞+不定式疑問詞how、when、where、which、what等后面跟不定式構(gòu)成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)

構(gòu),可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。Howtosolvetheproblemhasnotbeendecidedyet.(作主語)如何解決這一問題還未決定。Iknowwheretofindtheboy.(作賓語)我知道去哪兒找到那個(gè)男孩。ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.(作表語)問題是如何學(xué)好英語。(2)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)動名詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí),動名詞就需要加上自己的邏輯主語,這樣

就構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即“名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動名詞(one'sdoing)”或“名詞/代詞+動名詞(sb./sth.doing)”。邏輯主語形式示例有生命名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動名詞Mary'scominglatemadeherteacherangry.瑪麗遲到使老師很生氣。(主語)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief('s)/his/himbeing

caught.新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)使小偷/他被抓住了。(賓語)名詞/代詞+動名詞無生命名詞/代詞+動名詞I'msurprisedatitbeingsolate.我對天色這么晚了感到吃驚。(賓語)1.Butterfly

LoverscombinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements:it

(play)

onWesterninstrumentssuchastheviolin,butmoresignificantly,muchofthemusichas

itsrootsinChineseYueOpera.

(譯林XB1U2)2.AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabulary

(expand),sheaskedmoreandmore

questions.

(北師大XB2U5)3.Evenifnewsreports

(write)frombasicallythesameperspective,theymay

contradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusually

complicatedandconstantlychanging.

(譯林XB2U1)isplayedexpandedarewritten4.ItwasthefirsttimeHelen

(understand)suchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.

(北師大XB2U5)5.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechance

(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.

(外研XB1U5)6.Themorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewe

(attract)tobuythe

product.

(譯林XB2U1)7.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,

(fascinate)byrocks,plantsandanimals.

(外研XB1U5)8.Today,On

the

Origin

of

Species

(regard)asoneofthemostimportant

workseverwritten.

(外研XB1U5)hadunderstoodtostudywillbeattractedfascinatedisregarded9.Somebooksarejusttoodifficult

(adapt)fortechnicalreasons,although

filmslikeThe

Life

of

Piarechangingthisidea.

(北師大XB2U6)10.

(locate)atover5,000metresabovesealevel,Tanggulastationisthe

highestrailwaystationintheworld.

(外研XB1U6改)11.Inaworldstill

(face)somanyproblems,itisabsolutelyessentialforusall

tocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.

(外研XB2U4)12.Nowadays,peopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthou-

sandsofducks

(consume)everydayinNanjing!

(譯林XB1U1)tobeadaptedLocatedfacingareconsumed13.PeopleinancientChinabegangrowingwildrice,

(learn)howtocultivate

riceinfieldsandimproveitsquality.

(2024屆山東青島萊西教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)14.TheBeijingMarathon

(become)oneofthemostpopularmarathonsinthe

worldinthepastyears,attractingthousandsofparticipantsfromallovertheworld.

(2024屆遼寧朝陽期中)15.ItiswellknownthatChinesepeoplepreferhotmealseveryday,andthey'realsoused

to

(have)hotdrinkswithit.

(2024屆江蘇泰州姜堰期中)16.AgroupofNorthernIrelandschoolchildren

(warm)theheartsofChinese

guestsonacoldDecemberdaywhentheyperformedChinesesongs.

(2024屆山東青島期中聯(lián)考)learninghasbecomehavingwarmed17.Archedbridges,sometimes

(call)moonbridges,arehighenoughinthe

middleforboatstogetpastunder.

(2024屆河南許昌禹州高級中學(xué)月考)18.Flamesinkilns(窯)aroundChinahavebeenburningsincetheXiaandShangdynas-

ties.Alongtheway,porcelain

(create).

(2024屆河南新鄉(xiāng)階段測)19.Evenwhenporcelainwasbrokenintopiecesandburieddeepinmud,theculturalval-

ues

(attach)toitwouldneverdisappear.

(2024屆河南新鄉(xiāng)階段測)20.Sheeveninquiredaboutwhere

(purchase)thesamemattressassheused

intheAsianGamesVillage.

(2024屆山西呂梁第一次模擬)calledwascreatedattachedtopurchase21.Thevideo

(post)bytheresearchersonsocialmediaplatformsandimme-

diatelybecameatrendingtopiconline.

(2024屆江西萍鄉(xiāng)第一次模擬)22.Thedragonisbelieved

(control)thewaters,andisalsoassociatedwiththe

ideaoftheyang.

(2024屆福建福州閩江口協(xié)作體期中)23.Duringtheweeklongpublicholiday,numerousvacationers,especiallytheyoung

(long)toescapebusycitylife,avoidedpopularholidaydestinationsinordertoen-

joysomepeaceandquiet.

(2024屆福建師大附中期中)24.Theliondance

(perform)duringfestivalsandcelebrationstobringgood

luckandprosperitytothecommunity.

(2024屆福建福州閩江口協(xié)作體期中)waspostedtocontrollongingisperformed25.Simplifiedcharactersareconvenientforpeople

(write)andtheirusagehas

becomemoreandmorepopular.

(2024屆福建四校聯(lián)考)26.AccordingtodatareleasedbytheNationalHealthCommission,bytheendof2021,

Chinahadthelargestnumberofdogsintheworld,withover12millionpeople

(bite)eachyear.

(2024屆福建廈門雙十中學(xué)期中)27.Recently,reverse(反向的)tourism

(emerge)asanewtrendinChina.

(2024屆福建師大附中期中)28.Whatmakesus

(trap)inworriesmostisthatwe'renotgettingenough

sleep,lessthansevenhoursanight.

(2023江蘇南京六校聯(lián)考)towritebittenhasemergedtrapped29.Ittakes72steps

(produce)Longquanceladon'sjade-likegreen.30.Aphilosophercommentedthatnobodyknewwhat

(happen)totheEarthin

acentury'stime.31.Earlytobedandearlytorise

(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.32.TheAsianGamesMemories,aremarkabl