09必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance背誦清單（含練習與答案）-2025年高考英語一輪復習基礎(chǔ)知識能力提升全囊括（譯林版2020）

必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance知識背誦清單一、背重點單詞1._____________________adj.海外的，國外的adv.在海外，向國外2._____________________n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域；行政區(qū)3._____________________num.一百萬；許多，大量4._____________________n.(pl.species)種，物種5._____________________n.野生動植物，野生生物6._____________________prep.在……下面，在……下7._____________________n.大量；團，塊，堆；一大群adj.大批的，廣泛的8._____________________adj.活著的，活的；在使用的n.生計，謀生；生活方式9._____________________adv.因此，從而；這樣10._____________________n.影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞vi.&.vt.有影響；沖擊11._____________________vt.&.n.損害，傷害，損壞，破壞12._____________________n.氣候；傾向，風氣13._____________________vt.&.vi.跟蹤，追蹤n.足跡，蹤跡；小道14._____________________n.居民，住戶15._____________________n.首領(lǐng)，最高領(lǐng)導人adj.主要的；首席的16._____________________vi.反對，抗議vt.反對；堅持聲稱，申辯n.抗議，反對17._____________________n.利潤，收益；好處vi.&.vt.獲益，得到好處18._____________________n.過程，進程；步驟，流程vt.加工，處理19._____________________vt.回收利用，再利用20._____________________adj.昔日的，前任的21._____________________n.官員，要員adj.公務(wù)的；正式的，官方的22._____________________n.貧窮，貧困；貧乏23._____________________adj.更多的，更進一步的adv.較遠，更遠；進一步vt.促進，增進答案：1.overseas2.region3.million4.species5.wildlife6.beneath7.mass8.living9.thus10.impact11.damage12.climate13.track14.resident15.chief16.fit18.process19.recycle20.former21.official22.poverty23.further二、用核心詞匯1.harmn.&wt.傷害，損害→____________adj.有害的；導致?lián)p害的→______________adj.無害的2.longadj.長的，長時間的→_______________n.長，長度；時間的長短；篇幅，(電影)片長3.survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難→_______________n.幸存者→___________n.幸存，生存4.disappearvi.不復存在，滅絕，消亡；消失；失蹤→______________n.消失；失蹤5.agriculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)學______________adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的6.extinctadj.滅絕的，絕種的→_______________n.滅雛，絕種7.applyv.應(yīng)用；涉及；申請→________________n,應(yīng)用，運用；申請→_______________n.申請人；求職者8.organizevt.組織→______________n.組織，團體；組織工作；安排；條理9.absoluteadj.絕對的，完全的→_________________adv.絕對地，完全地；極其10.entireadj.整個的，完全的，全部的→______________adv.完全地，全部地，完整地11.defendvt.保護；保衛(wèi)→______________n.辯護；防御，保護；防御物；國防；防守12.economyn.經(jīng)濟；節(jié)約→_______________adj.經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟上的；可賺錢的→__________adj.節(jié)約的；經(jīng)濟的13.poisonwt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒藥→______________adj.有毒的14.chemistryn.化學→_______________n.化學家→______________n.化學制品adj.化學的；化學作用的→_______________adv.(在)化學(性質(zhì))上；用化學方法15.consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→_____________n.結(jié)果，后果；重要性→_____________adv.因此；所以答案：1.harmful;harmless2.length3.survivor;survival4.disappearance5.agricultural6.extinction7.application;applicant8.organization9.absolutely10.entirely11.defence12.economic;economical13.poisonous14.chemist;chemical;chemically15.consequence;consequently【語境活用】1.Eatingtoomucheverydayis____________toourhealth;thatistosay,eatingtoomucheverydaydoes____________toourhealth.(harm)2.Itisreportedthatsomechildrenwere____________bythe_____________food.(poison)3.Onlytwopassengers__________theaircrash.Whenthetwo_________wereinterviewed,theysaidtheir___________wasawonder.(survive)4.Manyrareanimalsarealready____________,orarecloseto______________.(extinct)5.The_____________villagewasdestroyed.Itnowlooks____________differentfromthepreviousone.(entire)6.Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespenton____________andmanymeasureswillbetakento____________acountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)答案：1.harmful;harm2.poisoned;poisonous3.survived;survivors;survival4.extinct;extinction5.entire;entirely6.defence;defend三、記高頻詞匯1.harmn.&vt.傷害，損害背詞條用法(1)do/causeharmto..有害于……,對……造成損害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.=Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事沒有壞處(2)beharmfulto...對……有害背寫作佳句①Asweallknow,smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth眾所周知，吸煙對人體健康傷害極大。②Thereisnoharminaskingquestionswhenyoucan'tunderstandthem.當遇到不懂的問題時，問一問是沒有壞處的。2.massn.大量；團，塊，堆；一大群adj.大批的，廣泛的背詞條用法amassof/massesof許多；大量themassof大多數(shù)themasses大眾：群眾背寫作佳句①Withmassesofhomeworktodo,Icanhardlysparetimetoplaysports.有太多的作業(yè)要做，我?guī)缀鯖]有空余時間去運動。②Thereformsarepopularwiththemassofteachersandparents.大多數(shù)教師和家長贊成這些改革。3.survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于難背詞條用法survivesth.幸免于；從……中挺過來/活下來surviveon依靠……生存下來AsurviveB(by…)A比B活得長(……)背寫作佳句①Afterwesurvivedthatnight,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.那天晚上我們幸存下來后，我們相信其他一切都會好起來的。②Thefamilysurvivesongrowingseasonalplantsandtrees.這個家庭靠種植季節(jié)性植物和林木生存。4.impactn.影響，作用；撞擊，沖撞vi.&vt.有影響；沖擊背詞條用法(1)haveanimpacton/uponsb./sth.對某人/某物有影響(2)impacton/upon...對……有影響/作用背寫作佳句①ThespeechofthatNobelPrizewinnerhadagreatimpactonthestudents.那位諾貝爾獎得主的演講對學生們產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。②TheinventionandapplicationoftheInternetimpactonallaspectsofpeople'slife.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用影響了人類生活的各個方面。5.trackvt.&vi.跟蹤，追蹤n.足跡，蹤跡；小道；軌道；跑道；路線背詞條用法(1)trackdown(經(jīng)過長時間艱難搜索后)找到(2)keeptrackof…(=keep/stayintouchwith…)了解……的動態(tài)；與……保持聯(lián)系losetrackof..(=lose/beoutoftouchwith..)失去……的線索；與……失去聯(lián)系trackandfield田徑賽背寫作佳句①Thoughthemanagerdidhisbesttohelp,hewasstillunabletotrackdownthesourceoftheproblem.雖然經(jīng)理盡了他最大的努力，但他還是無法追查到這個問題的來源。②Sometimeswearesoabsorbedinourworkthatwelosetrackoftime.有時我們工作得太專注了以至于都忘記了時間。6.profitn.利潤，收益；好處vi.&vt.獲益，得到好處；對……有用(或有益)背詞條用法(1)makeaprofit獲利(2)profitfrom/by.從……中獲利背寫作佳句①Hispurposewastomakeaprofitbyimprovingthepany'sperformance.他的目標是通過提高公司的業(yè)績來實現(xiàn)盈利。②Weshouldlearntoprofitbyourmistakes.我們應(yīng)該學會從錯誤中吸取教訓。7.defencen.辯護；防御，保護；防御物；國防；防守背詞條用法(1)indefenceof保衛(wèi)……;為……辯護(2)defendsb./sth.against/from.保護……免遭……;保衛(wèi)……;抵御……背寫作佳句①Weshouldn'tforgetthesoldierswhodiedindefenceofourcountry我們不應(yīng)該忘記那些為保衛(wèi)國家而獻身的軍人。②Thismedicinehelpsthebodydefenditselfagainst/fromsomekindsofinfections.這種藥能幫助身體抵抗某些類型的感染。8.consequencen.結(jié)果，后果；重要性背詞條用法(1)asaconsequence/result=inconsequence因此，結(jié)果asaconsequence/resultof=inconsequenceof因為……的緣故(2)take/accept/facetheconsequencesof承擔……的后果背寫作佳句①(2020·全國卷I)Asaconsequence,hewashighlythoughtofandwasawardedamedalforhiswork.因此，他受到高度贊揚，并因其工作而被授予獎?wù)隆＂赥housandsofpeoplelosttheirlivesasaconsequenceofthebigearthquake.成千上萬的人因那場大地震喪生。四、短語再現(xiàn)1.____________________大量的；大片的 2.____________________充滿；到處都是3.____________________在……中起著重要的作用 4.____________________在長度上5.____________________給……帶來/造成危害 6.____________________砍倒7.____________________各種各樣的；大量的 8.____________________以……為主食9.____________________相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而 10.____________________使分解(為),使變化(成)11.____________________給……帶來起色，注入活力 12.____________________由于，因為13.____________________是……的棲息地/家園 14.____________________逐漸增加，擴大15.____________________想出，想到 16.____________________(公開)要求；需要17.____________________突然記起(或想到) 18.____________________擺脫，丟棄，扔掉19.____________________反對某事 20.____________________使發(fā)生(或存在)21.____________________傾向于；往往會答案：1.aseaof2.(be)alivewith3.playasignificantpart/rolein..4.inlength5.doharmto6.cutdown7.avarietyof8.feedon9.inturn10.breakdown11.breathelifeinto12.dueto13.behometol4.buildup15eupwith16.callfor17.springtomind18.getridof19.protestagainststh.20.giveriseto21.tendto短語活用1.inturn相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而；反過來背詞條用法inreturn作為回應(yīng)；作為回報inreturnfor作為對……的回報/回應(yīng)(相當于inrewardfor)inone'sturn輪到某人；接著byturns輪流；變替地taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat…結(jié)果證明……背寫作佳句①Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,whichinturncreatesmoreproblems.人們試圖使用私家車避免公共交通延誤，這轉(zhuǎn)而造成了更多的問題。②Thetheoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice,理論來源于實踐，反過來又服務(wù)于實踐。2.breakdown使分解(為),使變化(成);(機器)出故障；(身體)垮掉；(談判)失??；消除；拆除背詞條用法breakin強行進入；打斷(談話),插嘴breakinto闖入，破門而入breakthrough突破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝breakaway(from)掙脫(束縛);脫離；擺脫breakoff中斷；折斷breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然爆發(fā)背寫作佳句①municationcanhelpbreakdownthebarriersbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirparents.交流有助于消除年輕人與他們父母之間的隔閡。②Istronglyhopethatyoucanconsidermysuggestionandbreakawayfromputergamesassoonaspossible.我非常希望你能考慮我的建議，盡快遠離電腦游戲。3.dueto由于，因為背詞條用法beduetodosth.預(yù)計/預(yù)期做某事beduetosb.應(yīng)付給/應(yīng)給予某人bedueforsth.應(yīng)用某物；應(yīng)得到某物背寫作佳句①(2021·全國乙卷)DuetotherapiddevelopmentoftheInternet,wecantakeadvantageofvariousonlineprogramsforfurtherstudy.由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展，我們可以利用各種在線課程進行進一步的學習。②Failureisduetotheneglectofsmalldetails,whilesuccessbeginswithpayingattentiontothem.失敗源于忽視細處，成功始于重視小事。4eupwith想出，想到背詞條用法eup走近；上來；被提出eabout發(fā)生；造成eacross偶然遇到；發(fā)現(xiàn)eout開花；結(jié)果；出版whenitesto當談到；涉及背寫作佳句①(2021·全國甲卷)CouldyoueupwithsomeadviceontheaspectsoftraditionalChineseculturewhichareextremelyappealingtoforeignfriends?你能就中國傳統(tǒng)文化中對外國朋友極具吸引力的方面提出一些建議嗎?②Measurestoprotectwildlifewilleupfordiscussionatthemeeting.保護野生動物的措施將在會上提出討論。5.callfor(公開)要求；需要背詞條用法callforsb.todosth.要求某人做某事callon/uponsb.todosth.請求/要求某人做某事callup給……打；使想起calloff取消；停止callat拜訪(某地)callon/upon拜訪(某人);號召；需求背寫作佳句①Protectingtheenvironmentcallsforeveryone'sefforts.保護環(huán)境需要每個人的努力。②Theirtravelplanwascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.由于天氣不好，他們的旅行計劃被取消了。6.get/beridof擺脫，丟棄，扔掉背詞條用法ridsb./sth.of...使某人/某物擺脫……ridoneselfof擺脫……;從……中解脫背寫作佳句①Pleasegetridofbadhabits,andbeenvironmentalprotectionguardstomaintainthisbeautifulhome!請擺脫惡習，做環(huán)保衛(wèi)士，維護這個美麗的家園!②ThankstoDr.YuanLongping'sresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger多虧了袁隆平院士的研究，聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的斗爭中有了更多的辦法。知識背誦檢測I.單詞拼寫1.Thereareseven______________(大陸)andfouroceansintheworld.2.Whatisthe______________(長度)oftheYangtzeRiverinChina?3.Onhotevenings,theyoungcouplelikedlyingonthegrass______________(在……下面)thestars.4.Manywildanimalsarecloseto______________(滅絕)intheworldnow.5.Tomisafantasticmusician.I'm______________(絕對地)certainthathisnextconcertwillbeasuccess.6.Thenumberofpeopleemployedin______________(農(nóng)業(yè))hasfalleninthelastdecade.7.Kunming,acityinYunnanProvince,enjoysamild______________(氣候).Ⅱ.語境辨義(寫出加黑部分的漢語意思)1.WhenHelencriticizedme,Chriscametomydefence.______________2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewaterediftheyaretosurvive.______________3.ErnestvisitedtheSouthPolebecausehewantedtoseeoneofthecoldestregionsintheworld.______________4.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithasbranchesalloverthecountry.______________5.ThankstotheParty'sleadership,Chinaismovingonthetracktoachieveitsgoalofimprovingpeople'swellbeing.______________6.(熟詞生義)Thatisagoodbookwhichisopenedwithexpectationandclosedwithprofit.______________7.(熟詞生義)TheyhopedthenewventurewouldfurtherthecauseofculturalcooperationinEurope.______________Ⅲ.單句語法填空1.Thepollutedwaterfromthefactoryis,ofcourse,______________(harm)totheenvironment.2.Everyoneinthevillagewasastonishedaboutthe______________(disappear)ofthestonelioninthetemple.3.Theyareworkinghardmeasuringthe______________(long)oftheriverfoundrecentlyintheforest.4.Iattachedaphototomy______________(apply)formandsentittothepany.5._______________(million)ofgraduatesinChinahavefoundagoodjob.6.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesarecloseto______________(extinct),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.7.Thenationalparkisfamousforits______________(vary)ofwildlife.8.The_______________(survive)oftherareanimalinthisbadenvironmentisawonder.IV.選詞填空avarietyof,breakdown,indangerof,doharmto,feedon,buildup,callfor,breathelifeinto1.Tellyourchildthatifhegetsaburn,heshouldimmediately______________helpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.2.Itisknownthatanimalsliketigerswhich__________________meatbelongtomeateatinganimals.3.It'suptoallofustotakemeasurestoprotect__________________endangeredanimals.4.Carexhaustemissions__________________people'shealthanddisturbtheecologicalbalance.5.Whenfoodwaste__________________inalandfill,itproducesgreenhousegaseswhichcontributetoglobalwarming.6.Thegovernmentarguesthatthenewpolicyisagoodwayof__________________thetourism.7.Theaimofthoseactivitiesistohelpstudents__________________confidencetospeakEnglishinpublic.8.Withtheinventionofthenewkindofrobot,manyfactoryworkersmaybe__________________losingtheirjobs.V.關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯用準用活1.用活——同義試試看(用本單元詞匯替換黑體詞匯)①ThereislittledoubtthatmanhashadaninfluenceontheEarth'sclimate.__________________②Wewillrefundyourmoneytoyouinfullifyouarenotpletelysatisfied.__________________③Theuniversitieshaveexpanded,thereforeallowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation._______________2.用準——易錯對對碰(1)eupVSeupwith①Wearesupposedto______________asolutiontostoppeoplefromlookingdownattheirmobilephoneswhiledrivingcars.②Whenimport