Unit2SctionAGrammar寫作預習指導（知識點練習題）-人教版英語八年級下冊

八年級英語下冊Unit2Grammar寫作預習指導一、知識點一、語法（一）can和could用于表示“許可”、“請求”表示“請求”時，用could比can更婉轉；could也可表示過去的許可。Eg:(1)Canyougowithme？你能跟我一起走嗎？(2)HesaidIcouldgoshopping.他說我可以去購物。(3)CouldIaskyousomething?我能問你些事嗎？（二）動詞不定式作賓語：是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結構為“to+動詞原形”。其中to只是一種符號，并非為介詞。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、賓語和狀語等。*動詞不定式作賓語的用法：1.常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：want,hope,decide,choose,wouldlike,like,plan,fail等Eg:IdecidedtogotoBeijingbyplane.我決定坐飛機去北京。2.Know,ask,show,teach,guess,findout,understand等動詞短語后可用“疑問句+動詞不定式”結構Eg:PleaseteachmehowtolearnEnglishwell.請教我如何學好英語。3.Like,love,begin,start等動詞后即可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞，意義上差別不大。Eg:IlikesingingbutIdon’tliketosing.我喜歡唱歌，但我現(xiàn)在不想唱歌。4.“Find,think,feel+it+形容詞+動詞不定式”結構，其中it為形式賓語，動詞不定式為真正主語。Eg:IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學英語很難。知識講解1.homelesspeople無家可歸的人后綴less表示否定意義“沒有；無”后綴ful表示肯定意義“有”Eg:hope(動詞)“希望”hopeless(形容詞)“無望的”hopeful(形容詞)“希望的”Use(動詞)“使用”useless(形容詞)“無用的”useful(形容詞)“有用的”2.Onceaweek一周一次就其提問是需用howoftenEg:Howoftendoyouvisityourparents?Twiceaweek.你多久看望一次你的父母？一周兩次。3.Cheer...up使...興奮；為...加油Eg:Let’scheerherup.讓我們?yōu)樗佑桶伞?.Tryout嘗試Eg:Shewantstotryoutforavolunteer.她想要嘗試做一名志愿者。5.Aroundtheschool在學校附近Eg:Thereisabookshoparoundtheschool.學校附近有一家書店。6.put常見搭配：putup張貼；搭建；舉起Puton穿上Putaway收起來Putout撲滅Putdown放下Putback放回原處Eg:Iwanttoputoffmyplantoworkinananimalhospital.我想要推遲我在一家寵物醫(yī)院工作的計劃。（動詞不定式作定語）7.Handout=giveout分發(fā)Eg:Wewillgive/handoutthemoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.我們將從售賣中分發(fā)一些錢給無家可歸之人。8.Callup打Eg:Shehopestocallupatleastfiveprimaryschoolstoask.她希望打給至少5所小學問問。9eupwith想出Eg:Wearetryingtoeupwithsomeideas.我們正在試著想一些主意。10.If“如果”常常用來引導條件狀語從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則If“是否”常常用來引導賓語從句，時態(tài)隨具體情況而定。Eg:Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnicinthepark.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園野餐。Idon’tknowifshewilletomorrow.我不知道明天她是否回來。11.Bebusywithsth.=bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事Eg:Mymumisbusywithhousework.=Mymumisbusydoingherhousework.我的媽媽正在忙著家務。12.Beworriedabout...=worryabout...擔心...Eg:Sheisworriedaboutherexam.她很擔心她的考試。13.work與job區(qū)別：work多指體力勞動也可指腦力勞動，通常都以掙錢為目的，有時也指機器干的工作。job多用于口語，側重指受雇傭的、以謀生目的的工作。Eg:Hegotsomeworktodo.他有一些工作要做。He’stryingtogetajob.他正在找工作。14.Inone’sfreetime在某人空閑時間Eg:Sheoftenreadsbooksinherfreetime.她經(jīng)常在空閑時間讀書。15.Afewdays“幾天”Little/alittle/few/afew區(qū)別Little“幾乎沒有”表否定意義，常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞Alittle“還有一點”表肯定意義，常用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞Few“幾乎沒有”表否定意義，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)Afew“還有一點”表肯定意義，常用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)Eg:Wehavelittlemilk,let’sbuysome.Wehavealittlemilk,youcandrinkit.Wehaveafewapples,youcaneatit.Wehavefewapples,let’sbuysome.16.Agoodwaytodosth.做某事的好方法Eg:WatchingEnglishmoviesisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.看英語電影是學英語的一種好方法。17.Inthehospital在醫(yī)院里Inhospital住院Eg:Mikeisill,heisinhospitalnow.馬克生病了，他現(xiàn)在在住院。18.Raisemoneyfor...為...籌錢Eg:Weraisedmoneyfortheoldpeople.我們?yōu)檫@些老人籌錢。19.Stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事Stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事Eg:We’retired,let’sstoptohavearest.我們累了，讓我們停下來休息一下。We’retired,let’sstopworking.我們累了，讓我們停止工作。寫作本單元寫作主題為：討論如何成為“志愿者工作”該話題通常有兩種形式，一是呼吁人們參加志愿者工作，二是描述自己參加過的志愿者工作。寫作步驟：第一步：明確寫作時態(tài)：常用一般過去時；第二步：按照事情發(fā)生的順序進行描寫；第三步：描述自己的感受。注意：靈活使用動詞短語。常用短語：Helpoutwith...幫忙解決...Giveaway贈送Giveout分發(fā)eupwith提出Lookafter照顧Astrongfeelingofsatisfaction強烈的滿足感常見句型：LastSaturday,Ididsomevolunteerworkwithothervolunteers.上周，我和其他自愿者坐了一些志愿者工作。Therose’sinherhand,theflavorinmine.贈人玫瑰，手有余香。Helpingothersisavirtue.助人為樂是一種美德。范文：LastSaturday,wevisitedahopeschool.Itwasagreatwaytoknowsomeotherchildren’slife.Wehadapartywiththestudentsthere.Wealsohelpedthemcleanuptheirclassrooms.Theheadteachertoldussomestoriesaboutsomehardworkingstudentswhowerefromverypoorfamilies.Andinordertoraisemoneyforthem,weheldabigsaleonourschoolplaygroundthenextdaytohelpthem.IthinkbeingavolunteerisreallygreatandI’dliketohelpmorepeople.二、練習題一、用所給詞的首字母或漢語提示完成單詞1.Shelookssad,let’sgoandc______herup.2.Shedoesn’thavefriendsinhernewschool.Soshefeelsvery_______(孤獨的).3.Ididn’thavebreakfast.NowIhaveaf________ofhunger.4.Shewantstobea_______(志愿者).5.Idon’tu________yourmeaning.Pleasesayitagain.二、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Ihope______(be)avolunteerinanafterschoolreadingprogram.2.Mymumaskedme_______(finish)myhomeworkbeforedinner.3.Wecan’tputoff_______(do)ourhomeworkuntiltomorrow.4.Theirhelpmakesmefeel_________(excite)andhappy.5.Whatmadethechildren_______(laugh)loudly?三、單項選擇()1.Canyou______thelifewithoutelectricity?A.imagineB.thinkC.tellD.talk()2.Iehere______formydictionaryyouborrowedfrommetwoweeksago.A.askB.askingC.toaskD.asked()3.Whydoweeatvegetableseveryday,Mum?_______healthy,mydear.A.TokeepB.KeepC.KeepingD.Kept()4.Weneedto______upwithaplanonCleanupDay.A.goBeC.workD.study()5.Amandafeels______becausesheisnewhere.Itry______friendswithher.A.lone;tomakeB.lonely;makeC.lonely;tomakeD.alone;make四、翻譯句子1.你明天要去食物賑濟處分發(fā)食物嗎？Willyougoto____________foodatthefoodbanktomorrow?2.讓我們?nèi)フ疹櫮切┴毟F的孩子。Let’sgoto________________thosepoorchildren.3.你到北京時請給我打個。Please_______________whenyouarriveinBeijing.4.我的意思是，我們所有人有一天也會老。Imean,we’reallgoingto__________oneday,too.5.聽起來很有趣。That______________.五、完形填空ItiswellknownthatEnglishmenalwaysgooutwithanumbrellaoraraincoat,why?1.______theweatherinBritainoftenchangesquickly.Itisnotveryusualforthesamekindofweatherto2.______long.Springcanberainyorwindy3.______theweatherisgettingwarmerandyoucanhopeformoresunnydays.Infact,there4.______asmuchsunshineinspringasinsummer.Summeris5._______timeforvisitorstogototheseasideandotherplacesofinterest.Theweathercanbesunnyandnice.Peopleoftengoouttohaveawalkorswim.Autumnisabeautifulseason6.______treesinthewoods(森林)andparkschangingcolor.Duringautumn,itisstillnicetobeoutside,too.Inwinter,itgetscold.Itmaysnow,especiallyonhighlandsandinthenorth.Thereare7._____verystrongwindsinthisseason.JanuaryandFebruaryarethecoldest8._____oftheyear,whilethewarmestmonths9._____oftenJulyandAugust.Thedifferenceintemperature10._____winterandsummerisnotsogreatinBritain.Theaverage(平均)temperatureforwinterisabout4.5℃,andforsummer,itisabout15.5℃.()1.A.ForB.AsC.BecauseD.So()2.A.makeB.stayC.changeD.take()3.A.butB.andC.orD.for()4.A.canB.canbeC.haveD.canhave()5.A.theearliestB.thelatestC.theworstD.thebest()6.A.withB.likeC.withoutD.from()7.A.AalsoB.tooC.eitherD.neither()8.A.seasonsB.weatherC.monthsD.years()9.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()10.A.inB.onC.ofD.between六、選詞填空（選擇所給詞的適當形式填空，每空一詞，有兩個多余）happy;keep;see;call;baby;break;put;noise;sad;show;voice;byOneday,whenBillwaswalkinghomefromschool,hehearda1.______ingfromthebushes(灌木).Hewentoverto2.______whatitwasbehindabush.Hefoundablackdog,Billwentbackhomeassoonashecouldwiththedogand3.______hertohisparents.Bill’sdadfoundthatthedoghada4._______leg,sotheybroughtthedogtoadoctorforanimals5._____car.OnthewayBill’sparentsdecidedthatBillcould6._______thedogiftheycouldn’tfindtheownerofthedog.Whentheyarrived,thedoctorcheckedthedog.HetoldBillthatshewasgoingtohave7.______!Thenextday,Bill8.______upsignslike“FOUNDDOGBACK”aroundhisneighborhood.Healsowrotehisfamily’sphonenumberonthesigns.Twodayslater,Billgota/an9.______fromtheownerofthedog.TheownerthankedBill.Whenhecametopickuphisdog,hesaidBillcouldhaveoneofthebabies,Billwasvery10.______!FinallyBillgotababydogfromtheowner.HenamedhimRoscoandlikedhimverymuch.七、書面表達假如你是李明，本周班會上，你將代表老師用英語通知學生參加一次敬老院的公益活動。要點：1.星期天早上8:30在校門口集合，乘公交車前往2.給老人們贈送班級禮物1.打掃衛(wèi)生，整理房間2.唱