黃金卷4-2023年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷）（解析版）

【贏在高考?黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（新高考II卷）

黃金卷04

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需

改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，

寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的

答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出

最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段

對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.Whatcolordoesthemanprefertopaintthebedroom?

A.Lightblue.B.Yellow.C.Pink.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Doyouthinkweshouldpaintourbedroomyelloworpink?

M:Whynotlightblue?

2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Powerfailure.B.Turningoffthelight.C.Buyingair-conditioning.

【答案】A

【原文】

W:Thelighthasgoneout!

M:Weoftenhavepowerfailureinthiscitywhentoomanypeopleareusingair-conditioning.

3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.Frightening.B.Interesting.C.Boring.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Didyouenjoythemovie?Interestingorboring?

W:Iwastooscared.Mostofthetime,Icouldn'tevenwatchit.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.Helikesdriving.B.Heusedtohaveacar.C.Heenjoystravelingbycar.

【答案】B

【原文】

W:You'vesoldyouroldcar.Youdon'tneedanewone?

M:Notreally.Tveneverlikeddrivinganyway.NowthatI'vemovedtoaplacenearthesubway

entrance,Icangotoworkquiteconveniently.

5.Whydoestheman'ssuitlookstrange?

A.Thejacketandtrousersdon'tmatch.B.He'swearingitintheoffice.C.Thecoloristoodark.

【答案】A

【原文】

M:Whyareyoulookingmeupanddown?

W:Whatastrangesuityou'rewearing!Yourjacketdoesn'tmatchyourtrousers.

M:Iknow.Igotdressedinthedark,andIdidn'trealizemymistakeuntilIgottotheoffice.

第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三

個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；

聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Wheredidthemangrowup?

A.Inthecountryside.B.Inasmalltown.C.Inacity.

7.Whatdothespeakersseeinthestreetsnow?

A.Alotofrubbish.B.Kidsplayingballs.C.Niceshops.

【答案】6.C7.A

【原文】

M:Lookatthisplace!IfIdidn'tknowitwasthecityIgrewupin,IwouldthinkIwassomewhere

else!

W:Yeah,somanyhousesareemptyorbrokendown.Itwasn'tlikethiswhenwewerekids.

M:Weusedtoplayballsinthestreetsallthetime,butitlookssodangerousnow.

W:Andugly.Lookatallthatrubbishinthestreets.Thewindjustpushesitalong.Whatalonely

place!

M:Thisusedtobeagreatcity.Peoplecamefrommilesaroundtoworkintheshopsandeatinthe

restaurants.Whatasadsight!

W:Yeah,lefspickuptherubbish.Tmgettingsad.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Howcanthemangethighscores?

A.Bytalent.B.Byhardwork.C.Byalittlepressure.

9.Howmanypointsdidthewomanscore?

A.62.B.70.C.99.

10.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inanoffice.B.Inaclassroom.C.Atabusstation.

【答案】8.A9.A10.C

【原文】

W:Wow!1can'tbelieveyoutoppedtheclass—99points.

M:Meneither.Ididn'texpecttocomeoutfirst.

W:You'reasmartguy!YoualwaysgetstraightA's.

M:Thanks.Iguessit'sjustagift.

W:Sureis...SuchapityIdidn'tgetthatgift.

M:Well,Ithinkyou'reprettysmarttoo.What'syourscore?

W:1justgot62points.Thisistenible.Iexpected70atleast.

M:Well...It'snotatotalfailureyouknow.Justtryhardernexttime.

W:1failed!Man,myparentsaregoingtobeangryforthis.

M:Maybethat'sthereason.Youputtoomuchpressureonyou.Look,mybusiscoming.1haveto

gonow.Givemeacalllater,OK?

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Listeningtomusic.B.Seeingafilm.C.Writingaletter.

12.HowlongwillthewomanstayinJapan?

A.Forayear.B.Foramonth.C.Fortwoyears.

13.WhatwillthewomandobeforesheleavesforJapan?

A.ReadmoreJapanesenovels.B.Attendalanguageclass.C.Applyforanewprogram.

【答案】B12.A13.B

【原文】

M:Hi,Lisa,whatareyoudoing?

W:WatchingaJapanesefilm.TmgoingtospendallnextyearinJapan,andIthinkIshouldfind

outmoreaboutitsculture.

M:Youmeanyouhavebeenacceptedintotheprogram?

W:Isurehave.

M:That'swonderful.Youmustbeexcited.

W:Excitedandnervous.Youknow1havetoworkonsomebasicconversationskills.

M:HowmuchJapanesecanyouunderstand?

W:Onlyalittlenow.ButI'mgoingtotakeaspeciallanguageclassnextmonth.

M:IwishIwereascleverasyouareatforeignlanguages.Iwouldlovetostudyabroad.

W:Thenwhydon'tyou?Theschoolhasalotofprogramsthatdon'trequiretheknowledgeofa

foreignlanguage.Youjusthavetobethekindofpersonwhoisquicktolearnnewthingsandcan

getusedtoanewenvironmentfast.

M:Ithoughtallprogramsrequiredonetoknowaforeignlanguage.Thankyouforlettingme

knowthis.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whendidtheman'sbosscallJefF?

A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.

15.HowdidJeffexplaineverything?

A.Bye-mail.B.Overthephone.C.Inperson.

16.Whydidn'tJefFcometotheofficeonTuesday?

A.Hewassick.B.Hewasofftheday.C.Hewasworkingsomewhereelse.

17.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?

A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Angry.

【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.B

【原文】

M:Josie,doyourememberJeffinmyoffice?

W:Yeah.Ihaveseenhimbeforeatyourparty,andyouhavetoldmesomethingabouthim.

M:Heleftlastweek.

W:Left?Really?Doyouknowwhy?

M:Hedidn'tcomeinbyTuesday,soonTuesdayafternoonIcalledtoseewhetherhewasoffthe

dayorhewassick.

W:Andwhatdidhesay?

M:Noanswer.Italkedtomyboss,anditseemsthathetriedtocallJeffthemorningbeforeme.

Buthecouldn'tgetthrougheither.

W:Strange.

M:Anyway,bytheendoftheday,Jeffsentane-mailexplainingeverything.

W:Ane-mail?So,whydidheleave?

M:Well,hefoundanewjoblastmonth,butheforgottotellusaboutit.

W:You'rejoking!Howcananyonedothat?

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whodoesthespeakertalkto?

A.Afriendofhis.B.Agroupofnewstudents.C.Agroupofvisitors.

19.Whatisthetotalnumberofdepartmentsinthecollege?

A.Six.B.Five.C.Four.

20.WheredotheteachersintheEnglishdepartmentmainlycomefrom?

A.EnglandandAmerica.B.AmericaandAustralia.C.AmericaandCanada.

【答案】18.B19.B20.C

【原文】

Oursisaninternationallanguagecollege.Asyouallsee,therearealotofbuildingsinthe

college.Itcanbedifficultfornewstudentstofindtheirwayaround,sowe'retakingyouonthis

quickwalkaround.Thecollegeusedtohavefourdepartments:English,French,Germanand

Russian.ButthereisnowalsoaChinesedepartment.Atthemomentwe'reoutsideyour

department,theEnglishdepartment,whichisthelargestdepartmentinthecollege.Thereareover

200studentsineachgradeandwehave35teachers,including15professors.Theteachersare

fromdifferentcountries,mainlyfromtheUSAandCanada,withafewfromEnglandand

Australia.You'llhaveallyourclasseshereinthisbuilding.Now,let'swalkovertothemain

librarywhichisthelargestbuildinginthecollegejustnexttotheEnglishdepartmentbuilding.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

NewStoriesAwaitJustforYou

TheOriginofDisease

CarolynMerchant,JD&ChristopherMerchant,MD

Containingexcitinginformationandthought,thisbookcouldhelppeoplefindwaysto

improveoravoiddiseasesthatcandramaticallychangelives.Pullingmedicalknowledgetogether

inanoriginalway,itprovidesanewvisionforunderstandingchronic（慢性的）disease,and

challengesreaderstothinkofchronicdiseasebasedontherootcauses.Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump.butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,and

containsinformationusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.

FromHealingtoHell

W.H.Wall,Jr

FromHealingtoHellisaboutthefallofagoodanddecentmanandgoesfurthertorevealthe

shockingdetailsofhowhewasdoneacruelinjusticeatthehandsofaCIAgovernment

experimentwiththedrugLSD.Thebooktellsthestoryofillegalactivitybyofficialsinpower

whooperatedinthenameofprotectingthecountry.

TheStuffofMonuments

RichardA.Crousey

Littlethingsoccurregularly,forbiddingustorecognizetheirsignificance.Whatfinally

causesthemtoblossomintosweetnessistheirfadingaway.Throughthestoriesinthebook,itis

shownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.Nothingistrulylost.

Asonepicturebeginstofade,anotherbeginstodawn.

ThereAreNoMonstersHere

BuffyBrinkley

Alittleboyisafraidtogotobedwhenhismotherannounceshisbedtime.Hebelievesthere

maybemonstershidinginhisroom.However,hisfeardoesn'tstophimfromtryingtofindthem.

Whathisdecisioncreatesisadoorwaytoacceptanceandfriendship.Outoffearcomesdelight,

andtheideathatwhatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrong------thatwhatit

takestoovercomeourfearscansometimesbethebestwaytomakeafriend.

21.WhoarethetargetedreadersofthebookTheOriginofDisease?

A.Studentspreferringchallenges.B.Peoplecaringabouttheirhealth.

C.Researchersinthechemistrylab.D.Doctorsintheemergencyroom.

22.Whichbookismostlikelytobeacollectionofshortstories?

A.TheOriginofDisease.B.FromHealingtoHell.

C.TheStuffofMonuments.D.ThereAreNoMonstersHere.

23.Whatbringstheboyfriendshipinthelastbook?

A.Hisinnocence.B.Hisfear.C.Hiscourage.D.Hiscreativity.

【參考答案】

21.B22.C23.C

【語篇解讀】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本新書。

【詳情解析】

21.[B]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheOriginofDisease下面的介紹中“Formanypeople,medical

bookscanbeahardbarriertojump,butthisbookiswritteninanaccessiblestyleandformat,

andcontainsinformationusefultothelayperson,notjustmedicalprofessionals.（對許多人來

說，醫(yī)學(xué)書籍可能是一個難以跨越的障礙。但這本書是以一種易于閱讀的風(fēng)格和格式編寫

的，它包含了對外行人有用的信息，而不僅僅是醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)人士）''并結(jié)合選項可知，這本書

的目標(biāo)讀者是關(guān)心自己的健康的人們。故選B項。

22.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheStuffofMonuments下面的介紹中“Throughthestoriesinthe

book,itisshownthattheseasonsofourlivesaremadeupofthestuffthatwentbefore.（通過書

中的故事，我們可以看到，我們生活的時節(jié)是由過去的東西組成的）“可知，書中有許多不

同的故事；從而推知，TheStuffofMonuments可能是一部短篇故事集。故選C項。

23.[C]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一本書的介紹中“Outoffearcomesdelight,andtheideathat

whatweseeandhowweinitiallyjudgeasituationcanbewrong------thatwhatittakesto

overcomeourfearscansometimesbethebestwaytomakeafriend.（恐懼帶來快樂，而我們所

看到的以及我們最初如何判斷一種情況的想法可能是錯誤的——克服恐懼所需要的東西

有時可能是交朋友的最佳方式）''可知，在書中是他的勇氣（克服恐懼所需要的東西）給他

帶來了友誼。故選C項。

B

TheStateoftheWorld'sBirds-reportfromconservationgroupBirdLifeisthelatest

criticalsurveythathighlightthescaleofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Itsays,morethanhalfthe

world'sbirdspeciesareindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansioninto

habitatscontinuetowreakhavoconbirdpopulations.

“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinctionis

accelerating,saidLucyHaskell,whoisleadauthorofthereport."Historically,mostextinctions

wereonislands,butworryinglythereisagrowingwaveofcontinentalextinctions,drivenby

landscape-scalehabitatloss.”

ThereportrevieweddatafromtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedList.

Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,havedecliningpopulations,

while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6percenthaveunknowntrends.Onein

eightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthemassivescaleofpopulation

lossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.

Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureistheleadingthreattobirds,the

reportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.Unsustainableloggingand

managementofforestsisanothersignificantthreat,impactingnearlyhalfofthreatenedbird

species.

Birdsplayanessentialroleinthehealthofecosystemsaroundtheworld.Theyarepredators,

pollinators,seeddispensers,andscavengers,andhelptomoveandcyclenutrientsacrosswide

ranges.t4Birdstellusaboutthehealthofournaturalenvironment—weignoretheirmessagesat

ourperil,“Lucysaid.

Authorsofthereportsaidthatgovernmentsmustprioritizemoresustainableagriculture

practicesandtheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsinordertoslowpopulationdeclineinbirdspecies.

Therearenumerousexamplesofpopulationsbouncingbackwiththehelpofwell-coordinated

conservationprograms."Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,saidButchart,whoischief

scientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,butweknowhowto

reversethesedeclines.^^

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Graduallychange.B.Sharplyincrease.C.Slightlydisturb.D.Seriouslydamage.

25.Howdidthereportshowthestateoftheworld'sbirds?

A.Bylistingcauses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.

C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Byansweringquestions.

26.Whatisthemajorthreattobirdsaccordingtothereport?

A.Illegalhuntingforbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.

C.Poormanagementofforests.D.Thelossoflandscape-scalehabitats.

27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Birdsplayavitalroleinmaintainingbiodiversity.

B.Governmentshaveprotectednaturalhabitatsgreatly.

C.Conservationprogramsneedtobeupdatedmorefrequently.

D.Scientistsareconfidentaboutslowingpopulationdeclineofbirds.

【參考答案】

24.D25.C26.B27.D

【語篇解讀】

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了世界上超過一半的鳥類正在減少，因為包括農(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息

地擴(kuò)張在內(nèi)的人類活動繼續(xù)對鳥類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。

【詳情解析】

24.[D]詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組前文“Itsays,morethanhalftheworld'sbirdspeciesarein

decline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansionintohabitatscontinueto（報告

說，世界上超過一半的鳥類物種正在減少，因為包括農(nóng)業(yè)在內(nèi)的人類活動和棲息地的擴(kuò)張

繼續(xù)）“及第二段"Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherate

ofextinctionisaccelerating（在過去的500年里，我們已經(jīng)失去了160多種鳥類，滅絕的速

度正在加快）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息地擴(kuò)張的人類活動繼續(xù)對鳥類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。由此

推知，劃線詞組wreakhavocon與seriouslydamag（嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞）意義接近。故選D項。

25.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49

percent,havedecliningpopulations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6

percenthaveunknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalso

highlightedthemassivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.（分析顯示,全

球5412種鳥類（即49%）的種群數(shù)量在下降，38%的種群數(shù)量穩(wěn)定，6%的種群數(shù)量正在增

力口，6%的鳥類數(shù)量呈未知趨勢。每八個物種中就有一個面臨滅絕的威脅，這也突顯了在

幾個調(diào)查良好的地區(qū)，人口的大規(guī)模流失）”可推知，該報告通過分析數(shù)據(jù)顯示了世界鳥類

的狀況。故選C項。

26.[B]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureis

theleadingthreattobirds,thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatened

species.（報告稱，農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是鳥類面臨的主要威脅，至少影響了73%的受威脅

物種）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是對鳥類的主要威脅。故選B項。

27.[D]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“"Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,saidBut

chart,whoischiefscientistfbrBirdLife."'Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,but

weknowhowtoreversethesedeclines."（“如果我們給大自然一個機(jī)會，它可以恢復(fù)，“鳥類

生命的首席科學(xué)家布特?查特說?！盁o可否認(rèn)，情況很糟糕，但我們知道如何扭轉(zhuǎn)這種下

滑?！睉艨赏茢?，科學(xué)家們對減緩鳥類數(shù)量的下降很有信心。故選D項。

C

Asartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman-anAI

producedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthat

answersconsumers9questionsonline—peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettlingsituation

ofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductsless

effective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency（透明度）andcooperationin

human-computerinteractions.

Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionstocooperate

withorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeepcooperating——butthereis

alwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm,atthepartner'sexpense.The

researchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategy

thatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviouswork

suggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappenif

therobotrevealeditselfassuch.

Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate

（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief“Sadly,wefailedatthis

goal,^^saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandasenior

authoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence.fc€Nomatterwhat

thealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.,,Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwasless

likelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficial

tobothplayers.（Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.）Inan

additionalexperiment,playersweretold,“Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreatthe

robotasifitwereahuman.^^Ithadnoeffect.

VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmea

UniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersforexploringthe

transparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper?sparticular

setup.

Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobedeceived

aboutarobofsidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelsethe“deception”

obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionfbroccasionaldeception,evenifitcanbe

obtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshouldhavetheoption

toknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimple

question,sheadds,“【justwanttogetmyanswer.”

28.Theword''trade-offisclosestinmeaningto.

A.balancingB.combiningC.distinctionD.agreement

29.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?

A.Highlypositive.B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed.D.Distrustful.

30.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?

A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers9assumption.

B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots'problems.

C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.

D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?

A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytothereal-worldsituations.

B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.

C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.

D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.

【參考答案】

28.A29.D30.A31.C

【語篇解讀】

這是一篇說明文。文章講述了隨著人工智能產(chǎn)品在扮演人類角色方面不斷進(jìn)步，人們越

來越擔(dān)心對面正和自己交流是否是機(jī)器人，因為人們有自己的偏見，不信任機(jī)器人，即使實

驗證明機(jī)器人是有好的合作能力的。

【詳情解析】

28.[A]詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that,when

posingasaperson,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghuman

partnerstocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothe

scientistswonderedwhalwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（研究人員使用了—

種人工智能算法，當(dāng)假扮成一個人的時候，實施了一種比人類更善于讓人類伙伴合作的策

略。但是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這

樣暴露出來會發(fā)生什么）''可知提到了人們不相信機(jī)器，即使機(jī)器人的策略比人類本身的策

略更容易讓合作伙伴合作；根據(jù)文章第三段Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejust

stucktotheirprejudice."Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperation

thananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.，'不管

算法做了什么，人們只是堅持自己的偏見?！币粋€公開扮演機(jī)器人的機(jī)器人比人類更不可

能獲得合作，盡管它的策略顯然對雙方都更有利）”可知無論怎樣做，人們就是不相信機(jī)器

人，如果被告知是機(jī)器人的話，他們更不會選擇機(jī)器人合作了，綜上所述，推知“Butthetruth

maymakesuchproductslesseffective:recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency

（透明度）andcooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.（但事實可能會降低這類產(chǎn)品的效

率：最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在人機(jī)交流中，透明度和合作之間存在權(quán)衡戶表述的是人們在與機(jī)

器交流中，應(yīng)該存在透明度和合作之間的平衡，否則，一旦人們知道對面是機(jī)器人在和他

們交流，他們根本不會相信機(jī)器人，那必然會導(dǎo)致機(jī)器人的效率低了，所以在透明度和合

作之間要有平衡，故推知“trade-off”意思的“平衡”；故選A項。

29.[D]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（（旦

是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這樣暴露

出來會發(fā)生什么）”和文章第三段“Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwould

recognizeitsabilitytocooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheir

disbelief."Sadly,wefailedatthisgoal,”（研究小組希望人們在與一個已知的機(jī)器人玩時能夠

認(rèn)識到它的合作能力（而不是一個容易被打敗的機(jī)器人），并最終克服他們的懷疑?！斑z

憾的是，我們失敗了可知研究表明人類不相信機(jī)器人，而科學(xué)家希望人類能認(rèn)識到機(jī)

器人的合作能力而最終戰(zhàn)勝對它們的懷疑，但是失敗了，推知人類對機(jī)器人的態(tài)度就是抱

有懷疑的；故選D項。

30.[A]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelieve

machines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.（｛fl

是之前的研究表明人們傾向于不相信機(jī)器，所以科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的這樣暴露

出來會發(fā)生什么）”可知研究表明人類不相信機(jī)器，而科學(xué)家們想知道如果機(jī)器人真的暴露

出來，會生什么；根據(jù)文章第三段“"Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststuckto

theirprejudice.^^Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthan

anotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.（“不管算法

做了什么，人們只是堅持自己的偏見?！币粋€公開扮演機(jī)器人的機(jī)器人比人類更不可能獲

得合作，盡管它的策略顯然對雙方都更有利?！睉艨芍还茉鯓幼?，人們就是不相信機(jī)器

人，如果人們被告知是機(jī)器人，更不可能去跟它們合作。由此推知，實驗結(jié)果不支持科學(xué)

家們的假設(shè)，故選A項。

31.[C]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“praisestheresearchersforexploringthe

transparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper9sparticular

setup.（贊揚了研究人員探索透明度與效率之間的平衡,，但她希望看到它在論文的特殊設(shè)置

之外進(jìn)行測試廠可知Dignum對于此項研究是贊同的，而且希望去除實驗特殊設(shè)置；根據(jù)

文章最后一段“Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementto

bedeceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelse

the“deception“obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception,even

ifitcanbeobtained,stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshould

havetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomer

servicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”（作者說，在公共領(lǐng)域，

應(yīng)該要求人們同意被欺騙的機(jī)器人的身份。它不能建立在互動的基礎(chǔ)上，否則“欺騙”顯然

不會起作用。但是，即使能夠獲得對偶爾欺騙行為的全面許可，仍然會引發(fā)道德上的兩難

困境。Dignum說，人類在與機(jī)器人交流之后應(yīng)該有權(quán)知道答案，但是如果她打電話給客

服只是為了問一個簡單的問題，她補(bǔ)充說，“我只是想得到我的答案）“可知此項研究論文

的作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該事先告知人們機(jī)器人的身份，而Dignum對于這個研究是贊揚的，即對

論文的作者的觀點是不排斥的，并且認(rèn)為可以去除實驗中的設(shè)置來驗證這個現(xiàn)象，而且

Dignum認(rèn)為人們在與機(jī)器交流后應(yīng)該有權(quán)知道答案，而沒有提及事先告知人們機(jī)器人的

身份，故推知Dignum認(rèn)同人們不需要被告知他們在任何場合都在與機(jī)器人互動這樣的觀

點；故選C項。

D

Ihadnothuggedafriendorafamilymemberformorethantwoyearsuntilrecentlywhenmy

sisterflewinforabriefvisit.Forsafety,wemetoutside.Despitethewintryweather,herhug

wannedmefromtheinsideout.It'sstrange,butonlynowdoItrulyrealizehowmuchI'vemissed

embracinglovedones.

IgrewupthroughwarinmyhometownofSarajevo,Bosnia,andeverymomentwasfullof

danger.Ononepeacefulmorning,Ihadbeggedmymomtoletmegooutsideafterspending

weeksindoors.Shefinallyagreed.Iwasoutsideforonly10minuteswhenIwascaughtinan

explosion.Irantomyneighbor'shouseforsafetyandhungmyarmsaroundherneckjustasmy

legscollapsedunderneathme.

Thankfully,Imadeafullphysicalrecovery,buttheemotionalscarsneverleftme.Yearslater

therewasanotherexplosionnearmyhouse.Iwassafelyinside,butmyfatherhadlefttobuya

loafofbread.Hehadonlyjustmissedtheexplosion.Whenhecamebackinside,Igavehimthe

biggesthugimaginable.IwascakedintearsasIheldhimtight.

Thatsamenightmyparentsmanagedtoarrangemyescapefromourwar-torncity.Iwas16

andcametoAmericaonmyown.Ageneroushostfamilytookmein.Theyhadalargedogcalled

Oscar.Overthenextseveralmonths,Isecretlystruggledwithfeelinghomesickandworriedabout

myfamilybackhome.Despitemanagingquitewellatschool,Icouldn'texpressmyfeelings.The

onlywayIsharedhowIfeltwasbygivingOscarabighug.

Itisyetanothersadaspectofourpandemic（疾病大流行的）livesthathuggingastrangeris

thelastthingonourminds.Formanyofus,evenhuggingarelativeorafriendcomeswithstress

andanxietyoverrisksandprecautions.AsIlookbackonmypast,Icountmyselftrulyluckyto

havebeenheld,shieldedandencouragedatsom