菲常悅讀-真題精讀2

菲常悅讀——真題精讀2FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,Too找到合適的家找到滿足感Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.【重點詞匯】1.facility

[f?'s?l?ti]

n.設(shè)施；設(shè)備e.g.:In1989,heandhiswifeRaisapersonallyvisitedthefacility,above.2.approach

[?'pr??t?]

v.靠近e.g.:Winterisfastapproaching.【參考譯文】當(dāng)你家年老的長輩需要入住某種長期護理機構(gòu)時——幾乎所有父母或子女這一刻都會感到擔(dān)憂——你想要做的就是把所有情況都搞清楚。Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）?Candoingone’shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.【重點詞匯】3.improvement

[?m'pru?vm(?)nt]

n.改進，改善；提高e.g.:Letusexplorethepossibilitiesforimprovement.4.stereotype

['ster??(?)ta?p]

n.固定看法；陳腔濫調(diào)e.g.:First,addthestereotypetothisclass.5.steer

[st??]

v.控制，引導(dǎo)；駕駛e.g.:Thefan'sfeelingsfinallybecameimpossibletosteer.6.genuinely

['d?enjuinli]

adv.真誠地；誠實地e.g.:Theymustgenuinelylikeoneanother,andworkwelltogether.【參考譯文】輔助生活社區(qū)真的就標(biāo)志著比私立養(yǎng)老院有巨大的改進嗎？或僅僅是因為這個行業(yè)雇用了更好的室內(nèi)設(shè)計師？私立養(yǎng)老院真像人們擔(dān)心的那樣糟糕？還是那只是人們一種過時的固定看法？做好準(zhǔn)備工作真能引導(dǎo)家庭找到最好的地方嗎？這真的很難說。Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.【重點詞匯】7.assume

[?'sju?m]

v.假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)e.g.:Weonlyassumethattheyshouldbeintobothgendersatall.8.characteristics

[,k?r?kt?'r?st?ks]

n.特性，特征；特色e.g.:Parentstransmitsomeoftheircharacteristicstotheirchildren.9.flourish

['fl?r??]

vi.活躍；處于旺盛時期e.g.:Wildlifeseemstoflourishinthearea.10.irresponsible

[??r??sp?ns?bl]

adj.不負責(zé)任的e.g.:Itwasirresponsibleofyoutoleaveheralone.11.indicate

['?nd?ke?t]

v.表明；指出；預(yù)示e.g.:Bothsidesindicatedawillingnesstosolvetheproblem.【參考譯文】我認為老人住什么樣的護理機構(gòu)可能并沒有我們設(shè)想的那么重要，這種提議將會使事情變得更加復(fù)雜。成年子女開始尋找護理機構(gòu)時所要求的服務(wù)特色對將要入住的老人未必會有影響。我抓緊補充一下：我不是在討論服務(wù)質(zhì)量。在一個工作人員不負責(zé)、安全記錄不佳的陰郁環(huán)境中，沒人能好好生活。但是越來越多的研究表明，不同類型護理機構(gòu)的一些區(qū)別對入住老人生活的好壞影響不大。Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes(knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.

【重點詞匯】12.survey

[?s??ve?]

vt.調(diào)查e.g.:Isuggestedtheydosomeexperiments,oratleastasurvey.13.residential

[rez?'den?(?)l]

adj.住宅的e.g.:ItisthemodeloftheAmericancitythatdominates,withitsofficeblocks,residentialcomplexesandshoppingcentres.14.emotional

[?'m???(?)n(?)l]

adj.情緒的e.g.:Hefuzzeduptheplotlinewithalotofemotionalnonsense.【參考譯文】這些研究中，最近的一項發(fā)表在《應(yīng)用老年學(xué)雜志》上，該研究調(diào)查了康涅狄格州150名生活在輔助生活社區(qū)、私立養(yǎng)老院和較小的安老院（在一些州被稱為膳宿照顧之家或成人護理之家）的入住老人。康涅狄格大學(xué)健康中心的研究人員向這些入住老人詢問了大量關(guān)于生活質(zhì)量、情緒健康、社會交際以及機構(gòu)服務(wù)質(zhì)量等方面的問題。'Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t?【重點詞匯】15.assumption

[?'s?m(p)?(?)n]

n.假定；設(shè)想e.g.:Hebasedhisassumptionofherguiltonthefactthatshehadnoalibi.16.struggle

['str?g(?)l]

v.奮斗，努力e.g.:Theyhavelearnedtostruggleagainstadversity.【參考譯文】“我們以為調(diào)查結(jié)果會基于居住機構(gòu)類型而有所不同，”該研究的第一作者、康涅狄格大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)副教授朱莉·羅賓遜說。這是一個合理的假設(shè)——很多家庭都努力避免選擇養(yǎng)老院，如果不能避免則會心懷內(nèi)疚，難道不是嗎？Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.

【重點詞匯】17.interaction

[?nt?r'?k?(?)n]

n.相互作用e.g.:Butyouonlygetthemaixum,benefitifyouimplementallofthem,becausetheirpowercomesfromtheirinteraction.

【參考譯文】最初的結(jié)果顯示，在輔助生活社區(qū)的入住老人情況的確最樂觀。舉例來說，比起其他機構(gòu)的入住老人，他們不太可能報告沮喪的癥狀，也不太可能感覺無聊和孤獨。他們在社會交際方面得分較高。Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.【重點詞匯】18.plug

[pl?g]

v.插入；塞住e.g.:Plugitintoyourrouter.19.involve

[?n'v?lv]

v.包含；牽涉e.g.:However,theuseofthesematerialsdoesinvolvesomeinherentquestions.【參考譯文】但是當(dāng)研究人員加進一些其他變量時，這些差異消失了。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，不是居住機構(gòu)的類型造成了入住老人回應(yīng)的差異。“是他們生活的特定環(huán)境的特點和他們自身的性格特點——他們對自身健康狀況的感知、他們的年齡和婚姻狀況——的結(jié)合造成了差異，”羅賓遜博士解釋道。入住老人是否覺得自己參與了搬家決定及他們的居住時間被證明都有重要影響。Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving(evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan’tjustsay,‘Let’sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff,’”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.”【參考譯文】因此，一位認為自己健康狀況不佳的老人住在輔助生活社區(qū)并不會比住在私立養(yǎng)老院抑郁程度輕（雖然她的兒女們更傾向于為她選擇輔助生活社區(qū)）。在其他因素相同的前提下，一位能夠全身心投入到將要搬去的地方并有時間適應(yīng)的人在私立養(yǎng)老院和小安老院都能生活得一樣好。人和環(huán)境之間是相互影響的，并不是環(huán)境本身導(dǎo)致更好或更糟的經(jīng)歷?！澳悴荒苷f，‘讓我們把人送到安老院而不是私立養(yǎng)老院——她會過得更好，’”羅賓遜博士說。她補充道，重要的是“老人自身所具備的性格和他們在環(huán)境中的感受的結(jié)合?！盨uchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents?physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.【重點詞匯】20.consequence

['k?ns?kw(?)ns]

n.結(jié)果；重要性e.g.:Whatwilltheconsequencebe?【參考譯文】這些違背常識的發(fā)現(xiàn)以前也曾提出過。例如：在一項輔助生活社區(qū)的多態(tài)研究中，北卡羅來納大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)許多變量——機構(gòu)的類型、大小或成立了多長時間；是否屬于連鎖機構(gòu)；周圍街區(qū)的吸引力——和入住老人在生病、情緒低落、住院治療或死亡方面的遭遇沒有顯著聯(lián)系。最重要的是入住老人的身體健康和精神狀態(tài)。老人們搬來時的狀態(tài)比他們?nèi)胱≈蟮脑庥銎鸬降淖饔酶?。AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.(Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.)【重點詞匯】21.release

[r?'li?s]

n.發(fā)布e.g.:ThereleaseofNelsonMandelawaswatchedbymillionsofpeopleonTV.22.satisfaction

[s?t?s'f?k?(?)n]

n.滿意，滿足e.g.:Oncehisvoicewaspercolatingtohersatisfaction.23.subsequent

['s?bs?kw(?)nt]

adj.后來的，隨后的e.g.:Ifanynodeintheclusterfails,subsequentrequestscanbeprocessedbyanyothernodeinthecluster.【參考譯文】當(dāng)我在考慮所有這些時，一家享有盛譽的研究公司刊發(fā)的新聞稿橫放在我的桌上，稿子宣稱老年人醫(yī)療保健制度于2008年開發(fā)的幫助家庭比較養(yǎng)老院質(zhì)量的五星級評估系統(tǒng)與入住老人及家庭成員的滿意度之間的關(guān)系不大。事實上，消費者對那些被評為最低等級的一星級機構(gòu)的滿意度比五星級的更高。（本研究更多具體內(nèi)容和星級評定將登在隨后的稿件中。）Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician（老年病學(xué)專家）attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:“Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”【參考譯文】在我們集體崩潰之前，在如此令人困惑的局面中應(yīng)該怎樣找到出路？菲利普·斯隆博士是北卡萊納大學(xué)的老年病學(xué)專家，他的想法是：“在某種程度上，那是對家庭的解放?！監(jiān)fcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon’thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.

【參考譯文】當(dāng)然，子女想要去參觀考察機構(gòu)，與管理者、入住老人和其他家庭交談，盡一切可能履行他們的職責(zé)。但是也許他們不需要把自己變成私家偵探或者國會委員會的專門小組?！凹胰丝梢远嗳ふ夷苁谷胱±先烁械娇鞓返牡胤?，”斯隆博士說。而且在這個過程中讓要入住的老