2024年高考第三次模擬考試英語（新高考II卷02）

2024年高考英語第三次模擬考試高三英語（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A．Attendawedding. B．Changeclothes. C．Goshopping.【答案】A【原文】W:James,you’restillnotready?M:I’mready,I’mready!I’lljustgrabmysuit!W:Ohno!Youshouldbewearingit!M:I’llgetchangedbeforethewedding;it’llbeokay!2．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inasupermarket. B．Inalibrary. C．Inthestreet.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,Madam.Iamheretolookforthe6theditionofLongmanDictionary.Canyoutellmewherethereferencesectionis?W:Oh,pleasetaketheelevatortothe5thfloor.Itwillbeonyourright.M:Thankssomuch.3．Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrowprobably?A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.【答案】C【原文】M:It’sgoingtorainalldayaccordingtotheweatherforecast.W:Well,andit’stoowindytomorrow,sothatruinsourplantogohiking.Iwashopingtodaywouldbesunny!4．Whendidthemanleavetheoffice?A．At1:00. B．At1:30. C．At2:00.【答案】B【原文】W:Iwasattheofficeattwoo’clock.HowdidImissyou?M:Igotthereatoneo’clockandwaitedforhalfanhour.ThenIleftforameeting.5．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inthewoman’shome. B．Inaclothingshop. C．Inashoestore.【答案】A【原文】M:Wow!Beautifulhomeyouhavehere.W:Thanks.Letmetakeyourcoat.Andwouldyouleaveyourbaghere?M:Ohyeah.ShallItakeoffmyshoes?第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍?！韭牭?段材料，回答第6、7題。】6．What’sthewomandoingnow?A．WaitingforAnn. B．Typingherpaper. C．Attendingaparty.7．Whosebirthdayisittoday?A．Mike’s. B．Mary’s. C．Ann’s.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】W:It’salready5:30p.m.now.Ihaven’tfinishedtypingmypaperyet.M:Don’tworry,Mary.Theclockis10minutesfast.W:Great!FirstmakeacalltoMikeandtellhimtowaitforus.I’llfinishthepapersoon.M:Dowehaveanyotherthings?W:We’regoingtoAnn’sbirthdaypartyat7o’clockinarestaurant.【聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題?！?．Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Inacafe. B．Inapark. C．Inabookstore.9．Whatmainlymakesthemaninterestedinthebook?A．Itsthemes. B．Itscharacters. C．Itsauthor.8．Howmanymultiplechoicesremainunfinished?A．3. B．4. C．7.9．HowdidLindaperforminthefreeresponsequestions?A．Fairlywell. B．Justsoso. C．Quitebadly.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】M:Linda,wouldyoutellmeallaboutthetest?W:Well,Ithoughtthemultiplechoicewasfairlysimple,butthefreeresponsequestionskilled!M:Really?Howmanydidyouleaveblanksonthemultiplechoice?W:Ileft4of70blanks,andguessedon3others.Theywereeducatedguessesthough.However,Icannotguaranteethattheguessedonesarecorrect.M:That’sokay.That’sbetterthanmostofthepeopleI’vetalkedtosofar.W:Iknow.Itdoesn’tmatterhowwellIdidonthemultiplechoicesinceIprobablymessedupthetestwithmyfreeresponsequestions.【聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題?！?0．Howmanynewfriendsdidthemanmakeontheschoolbus?A．One. B．Two. C．Three.11．Whatdidtheartteacherdo?A．Heshowedhisdisappointment.B．Hepraisedmostofthestudents.C．Hepraisedthemanforhispaintinggift.12．Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkofhismathteacher?A．Veryserious. B．Verygood. C．Veryfunny.【答案】10．A11．C12．B【原文】W:Peter,youareinyoursenioryearnow.Doyoustillrememberyourfirstdayinhighschool?M:Yes.Itwasaveryimpressiveday.IrememberedIwasnervousthatdaybecauseIhadnevervisitedthisschoolbeforeanditisanallboysschool.W:Howdidthatdaygo?M:Actuallyitwentverywell.ThingswerenotsobadasIthoughtatall.Ontheschoolbus,Ievenmettwooldfriendsandmadeanewfriend.W:Doyoustillrememberyourfirstclass?M:Yes.Myfirstclassonthatdaywasart.Theteacherlookedserious,butitturnedoutthathewasveryeasygoing.HeevenpraisedmeandsaidIhadagiftforpainting.Iwasgreatlyencouraged.W:Whatwasyoursecondclass?M:Mysecondclasswasmath.W:Howdiditgo?M:Verywelltoo.Iwasn’tgoodatmath,buttheteacherwasgoodatteachingandIimmediatelyshowedinterestinhisclass.W:Youarereallylucky.【聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題?！?3．Whendidthespeakersmeetthelasttime?A．Lastyear. B．Adecadeago. C．AtAmanda’sgraduation.14．Whatdoesthemando?A．Heisadesigner. B．Heisalawyer. C．Heisawriter.15．Wherearethespeakersnow?A．InNewYork. B．InCalifornia. C．InArizona.16．Whattimeoftheyearisitnow?A．Fall. B．Winter. C．Summer.【答案】13．B14．C15．A16．B【原文】M:Betty!Isthatyou?Mygosh,it’sbeenages.Howareyoudoing?ThelastIheard,youwereinCalifornia.WhatbringsyouovertotheEastCoast?W:Michael,hi!Yes,Iamvisitingmyfolks.TheystillliveinexactlythesameplaceaswhenIleftthem.Oh,gosh,adecadeisalongtime,isn’tit?M:Well,IguessithasbeenthatlongsinceyoumovedawaybutIseealotofoldfriendsaroundChristmas,soit’snotsurprisingthatI’drunintoyou.W:So,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfthesedays?M:Ispendmytimewritingnow,althoughIamnotverygoodatit.Ihaven’tbeenabletogetmyselfpublishedyet,butmaybeoneday—andyou?W:Wehaveexpandedthepany.?WehaveofficeshereinNewYork,aswellasWashington,Florida,Nevada,andArizona.M:Goodforyou.AndyouhaveadaughternamedAmanda,right?Shejustgraduatedthisfall?W:Yes,shejustgotacceptedbytheUniversityofCalifornia.AndDavidhashislawpractice.M:Well,it’sgoodtohaveyouherefortheholidays.W:Maybewecangetourfamiliestogetherforamealbeforetheyearends.【聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題?！?7．WhatdidMiltondo?A．Hecaughtathief.B．Hewenttoathemepark.C．Hetraveledacrossthecountry.18．WhathappenedonMonday?A．Somecarswerestolen.B．Arollercoasterstoppedworking.C．TheJohnsonfamilymovedtoNewYork.19．WhereisSixFlagslocated?A．InOrangeCounty. B．InUnionCity. C．InNewYork.20．Whatwillviewersseenext?A．Anadvertisement. B．Aninterview. C．Aweatherreport.【答案】17．C18．A19．B20．A【原文】M:Goodmorning.ThisisMichaelJonesherewiththe10:00NewsReport.Earlierthisweek,weheardaboutMilton,thedogthattraveledover3,000milestobereunitedwithhisfamily.WhentheJohnsonfamilymovedfromCaliforniatoNewYork,theycouldn’tfindtheirdogandtheyweresadtoleavehimbehind.Aboutamonthlater,MiltonshowedupattheirdoorstepinNewYork.Wecannotbelievehowfarthisdogtraveled!Thefamilywillbedoinganinterviewinthestudiotomorrowmorning.Inothernews,there’sbeenanoutbreakofcartheftsinOrangeCountythisweek.Abouttencarshavebeenstolenfromoutsidetheirowners’homessinceMonday.Ifyouseeorhearanything,pleasecall911.AbouttenpeoplefoundthemselvesstuckonarollercoasterafteritbrokedownattheSixFlagsthemeparkonTuesdayinUnionCity.Thevictimsswungupsidedownforaroundthreeminutesasstaffworkedtorestarttherollercoaster.Fortunately,noonewashurt.SixFlagshassaidthattheychecktheirridesveryseriously,andthatthiswassimplyanunfortunateaccident.That’sitforthenews.Whenweebackfromamercialbreak,MichelleSmithwillbeherewiththeweatherreport.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AKnownas“theroofoftheworld”,theQinghaiTibetPlateauhaslongbeenanidealandmysteriousdestinationforvisitorswhoarepassionateaboutexploringremotelands.HerearesomeofthebesttouristdestinationsinTibetwhichmightsuityourdiscerningtraveltastewiththearrivalofspring.TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyonTheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyonisthedeepestcanyonintheworld.Withatotallengthofabout500kilometers,itsaltitudespansfrom7,782metersatNamchaBarwa,thehighestpeakoftheeasternHimalayas,to550metersaroundtheYarlungZangboRiverValleyinMetogcounty.Oneuniquefeatureofthespringsighthereisthatvisitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthesnowcappedmountainsatthesametime.ThewaterPeachBlessomFairisalsoanattractioninthearea.LakeManasarovaLakeManasarovasits4,500metersabovesealevelinPurangcounty,Ngariprefecture.SnowmeltfromtheGangdiseMountainshuggingthelakeisthesourceforthenearbyYarlungZangboRiveraswellasthemightyGanges.TheManasarovawetlandisakey“climateregulator”ontheplateauandhometomorethan400rarespeciesincludingtheblackneckedcraneandtheTibetanwilddonkey.Enshrinedas“holylakeandsacredmountain”alongwithGangRinpoche,LakeManasarovaattractsalargenumberofpilgrimsaswellastouristsfromhomeandabroad.NanyiValleyNanyigouscenicspotis20kilometersawayfromMilincountyandisanimportantbirthplaceofthemysteriousTibetanmedicineculture.Thescenicareacoversatotalareaof820hectares.Theecologicalconditionsherearesogoodthattheplaceisrichinvariousanimalandplantspecies.NanyiValleyisknownas“thehighestgreenmysteriousplaceonEarth”.Surroundedbymountainsandshroudedinclouds,NanyiValleyisanidealspringdestinationforvisitors,whereyoucanfindpeachandazaleablossomseverywhere.21．WhatisspecialaboutthespringsceneryintheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon?A．Itispossibleforpeopletoseethedeepestcanyonintheworld.B．VisitorscangotothewaterPeachBlossomFairinMetogcounty.C．Agreatrangeofculturalheritagesitescanbeenjoyedinpleasantweather.D．Touristscanadmirecharmingflowersaswellasmountainscoveredwithsnow.22．Whichplacebestsuitspeoplewhowanttoexploremoreaboutmedicine?A．TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon B．LakeManasarovaC．NanyiValley D．Milincounty23．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelbrochure. B．Anacademicarticle.C．Ageographytextbook. D．Amarketingwebsite.【答案】21．D22．C23．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了三個位于西藏適合春天旅游的美麗的景點。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon部分“Oneuniquefeatureofthespringsighthereisthatvisitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthesnowcappedmountainsatthesametime.”（這里春天景色的一個獨特之處在于游客可以同時欣賞桃花和雪山）可知，春季去雅魯藏布江大峽谷游玩的特別之處是游客可以同時欣賞桃花和雪山。故選D項。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NanyiValley中“Nanyigouscenicspotis20kilometersawayfromMilincountyandisanimportantbirthplaceofthemysteriousTibetanmedicineculture.”（南驛溝風(fēng)景區(qū)距米林縣20公里，是神秘藏藥文化的重要發(fā)源地）可知，NanyiValley適合愿意探索醫(yī)藥文化的人游覽。故選C項。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“HerearesomeofthebesttouristdestinationsinTibetwhichmightsuityourdiscerningtraveltastewiththearrivalofspring.”（隨著春天的到來，這里有一些西藏最好的旅游目的地，可能會適合你挑剔的旅游品味）并結(jié)合下文對西藏不同景點的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了西藏一些著名的旅游景點，應(yīng)選自旅游手冊。故選A項。BIstarteda“questionoftheday”sectioninafamilytextgroup.We’dtalkabouteverythingfrommoviestopolitics.ButdespiteseveralwarningsfromlovedonesthatsomeofmyresponseswerejudgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackanopinion,Iallbutkilledthatgrouptext.Ithadagood12peopleinit.We’dsharedlaughs,encouragement,andfunnymemes(表情包).Ittookonlyoneconversation—whichIwasinthemiddleof—toendit.IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthesmartphone.Beforesmartphonesenabledinstantmunication,peopletalkedonthetelephone.Inperson,youcouldcutina“Whatdoyoumeanbythat?”tocorrectamisunderstandingbeforeitgotoutofhand.Don’tgetmewrong:Iloveagoodgrouptext.ItmakesmefeelconnectedtopeopleinawaythatIjustcan’tseemtoanymore,nowthatIhaveawifeandkids.I’mlearning,butIhadarelapse(復(fù)發(fā))recently.Ijoinedanewtextgroup.Iintroducedmy“questionoftheday”feature.IfooledmyselfintothinkingthatIwasencouragingahealthydebateoncurrentevents.No.Othersinthegroupsawitasmetryingtoprovethatmywaywastherightway.ThenImadethemistakeofsharingsomepersonalinformationthatonefriendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.Ithoughteveryoneknew.Thenthisfriendstartedreferringtomeasasnitch—nottermsofkindword.SoIaskedhimaboutit—inperson.That’swhenhetoldmeI’dsharedsensitiveinformationhehadn’ttoldanyoneelse.Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdownmytexts.Mynewresolveseemstobeworking.YoushouldbepleasedtoknowthatIhaveavoidedmakingafewpointsthatIwastempted(鼓動)tomakeinindividualandgrouptexts.Insomecases,Ididn’tevenrespond.Ihaven’tlostanymoreconnectionsbydoingthis.24．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Bymakingjudgmentsonpolitics. B．Byrespondingtosometextmessages.C．Bypresentingapersonalexperience. D．Bystartingafunnyconversation.25．Whatproblemdoestheauthorhaveindigitalmunication?A．Ignoringtheneedtolistentoothers. B．Makingquickandsharpresponses.C．Failingtoexpresshimselftimely. D．Focusingontheissuesofhisown.26．Whywastheauthorattackedbyhisfriendinthetextgroup?A．Hegaveawaytheprivacyofhisfriend.B．Healwaysmademistakesoncurrentevents.C．Hemadeafoolofhimselfinchatting.D．Helikedenquiringpersonalinformation.27．Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromhisexperience?A．Hurrymakeswaste. B．Understandingeachotherisvital.C．Sometimesfastisjusttoofast. D．Trustisthebridgeofmunication.【答案】24．C25．B26．A27．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過個人經(jīng)歷反思了智能和即時通訊帶來的溝通問題，特別是在群聊中容易引發(fā)誤解和沖突，了解到自己的不當(dāng)行為對他人造成的影響，進(jìn)而決定改變自己在短信交流中的方式，更加謹(jǐn)慎地對待信息分享和回應(yīng)速度，以維護(hù)人際關(guān)系和促進(jìn)有效的溝通。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Istarteda“questionoftheday”sectioninafamilytextgroup.We’dtalkabouteverythingfrommoviestopolitics.ButdespiteseveralwarningsfromlovedonesthatsomeofmyresponseswerejudgmentalandthatIwastooquicktoattackanopinion,Iallbutkilledthatgrouptext.(我在一個家庭短信群里開了一個“每日問題”版塊。我們無所不談，從電影到政治。但是，盡管我的親人多次警告我，說我的一些回復(fù)帶有評判性，而且我太急于攻擊別人的觀點，我還是差點取消了那條群發(fā)短信。)”和第二段“IrealizedthatIhadaproblem.Themediumformyproblemisthesmartphone.(我意識到我有問題了。我的問題的媒介是智能。)”可知，作者通過個人經(jīng)歷引入了本文的主題。故選C。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion(我太急于反駁一個觀點了)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdownmytexts.(我再三道歉，然后離開了談話，下定決心放慢我發(fā)短信的速度。)”可知，作者的問題是在群組討論中，急于反駁他人的觀點，對于分享信息不謹(jǐn)慎等，故選B。26．推理判斷題。結(jié)合第三段的“ThenImadethemistakeofsharingsomepersonalinformationthatonefriendhadtoldmeduringaphoneconversation.Ithoughteveryoneknew.Thenthisfriendstartedreferringtomeasasnitch—nottermsofkindword.(然后我犯了一個錯誤，分享了一個朋友在中告訴我的一些個人信息。我以為每個人都知道。然后這個朋友開始說我是告密者——這可不是什么好話。)”可知，作者的一位朋友在群組中攻擊作者，是因為作者在群里說出了他和朋友之間私下交流的內(nèi)容，故選A。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Iwastooquicktoattackanopinion(我太急于反駁一個觀點了)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Iapologizedplentifullyandcameawayfromtheconversationmoredeterminedtoslowdownmytexts.(我再三道歉，然后離開了談話，下定決心放慢我發(fā)短信的速度。)”可知，作者通過在一次家庭群聊中的經(jīng)歷意識到自己的問題在于急于反駁他人的觀點，因此作者從他的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的是有時候就是太快了，故選C。CWenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren’tallbad.Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan’tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe’reborn,weacquire,anddevelopaninternalecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes(微生物)theyareinterdependentplayersinourbody.Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesashumancells.Thismicrobialworldiscalledourmicrobiome(微生物組).Whilesomemicrobescanmakeusill,weneedourmicrobiometosurvive.bined,theyareeverybitasessentialasourheart,ourlungs,orourbrain.Mostofthemicrobiomeisfoundinourgut(腸道).Theyareessentialfordigestionandhelpregulatehormonesandboostourimmunesystem.Ahealthycollectionofmicrobesseemstobevitalforourwellbeing,protectingagainstsomeofthebiggesthealththreats.Ontheotherhand,havinganunhealthymicrobiomemaybeacontributingfactorformanymondiseases.Ourmodernlifestyles,westerndietsandoveruseofantibioticsmightallbehavingaharmfuleffectonourinternalecology.Sohowdoyoudevelopahealthymicrobiomeinthegut?Well,itseemsthatthemorediverseyourmicrobialpopulationis,thebetter.Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeofplantbasedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plantbasedelementsintheirdieteveryweekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthat’slinkedtobetterweightmanagement,betterheartheathandbettermentalhealth.Oneeasywaytoboostyournumbersistoaddateaspoonofmixedseedstoyourbreakfast.Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumightthink.Inthelast20years,we’velearnedthattheymunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhavingcontroloveryourmoodandemotions.28．Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordsymbioticinthefirstparagraph?A．Coexisting. B．Beneficial. C．Special. D．plicated.29．Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Plantbaseddietsmakepeoplehealthier.B．Microbiomeismoreimportantthanourbrain.C．There'ssomelinkbetweenthediversityofbacteriaandhealth.D．Theoveruseofantibioticsleadstodistinctincreaseinmicrobiome.30．Whatmightbediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A．Examplesofgutmicrobes.B．Gutmicrobesandmentalwellingbeing.C．Interactionsofmicrobesinourbody.D．Waystoidentifybeneficialgutmicrobes.31．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Gutmicrobes:FightersinthebodyB．Themicrobiome:AcureofalldiseasesC．Gutmicrobes:ProtectorsofmentalhealthD．Themicrobiome:Acontributortoourhealth【答案】28．A29．C30．B31．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是腸道中的細(xì)菌和微生物對人類身體健康的積極作用。28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan’tlivewithoutthem.(我們的身體充滿了它們，事實證明我們的生活不能沒有它們)”可知，我們和細(xì)菌是共存的關(guān)系，推知symbiotic意為“共生的”，和A項意思相近。故選A項。29．推理判斷題。由第四段“Andthebestwaytoincreaseyourdiversityistoeatawiderangeofplantbasedfoods.Researchshowsthatpeoplewhohaveatleast30plantbasedelementsintheirdieteveryweekhaveawiderrangeofbacteriaintheirgut,andthat’slinkedtobetterweightmanagement,betterheartheathandbettermentalhealth.(增加多樣性的最好方法是吃各種各樣的植物性食物。研究表明，每周飲食中至少含有30種植物性元素的人腸道細(xì)菌種類更廣，這與更好的體重管理、心臟健康和心理健康有關(guān))”可知，每周食用至少30種植物元素的人，他們的腸道中有更多種類的細(xì)菌，而細(xì)菌的種類越多，與更多的體重管理，更好的心臟健康，更好的精神健康相關(guān)。故選C項。30．推理判斷題。由文中最后一段“Theinfluenceofyourgutmicrobesgoesalotfurtherthanyoumightthink.Inthelast20years,we’velearnedthattheymunicateconstantlywiththebrain,perhapsevenhavingcontroloveryourmoodandemotions.(腸道微生物的影響比你想象的要大得多。在過去的20年里，我們已經(jīng)了解到它們不斷地與大腦交流，甚至可能控制你的情緒和情緒)”可知，下文作者可能會寫腸道微生物對于人類的精神健康的影響。故選B項。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wenormallythinkofbacteriaasourenemies.Buttheyaren’tallbad.Ourbodiesarefullofthemanditturnsoutwecan’tlivewithoutthem.Fromthemomentwe’reborn,weacquire,anddevelopaninternalecosystemofsymbioticbacteriaandothermicrobes(微生物)theyareinterdependentplayersinourbody.Infact,thereareroughlyasmanymicrobialcellsinourbodiesashumancells.Thismicrobialworldiscalledourmicrobiome(微生物組).(我們通常認(rèn)為細(xì)菌是我們的敵人。但也不全是壞事。我們的身體充滿了它們，事實證明我們的生活不能沒有它們。從我們出生的那一刻起，我們就獲得并發(fā)展了一個由共生細(xì)菌和其他微生物組成的內(nèi)部生態(tài)系統(tǒng)——它們是我們體內(nèi)相互依存的參與者。事實上，我們體內(nèi)的微生物細(xì)胞和人體細(xì)胞一樣多。這個微生物世界被稱為我們的微生物群)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文的主旨主要是講的腸道微生物對人類的健康的積極影響，所以D項“Themicrobiome:Acontributortoourhealth(微生物群：對我們的健康有貢獻(xiàn))”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項。DEachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.What’smore,it’stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology,”saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”32．WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?A．Togrowmoretrees. B．Toprotectplantdiversity.C．Toreducetreelosses. D．Topredictforestdisappearance.33．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A．Itstheoreticalbasis. B．Itskeyprocedures.C．Itsscientificevidence. D．Itsusualdifficulties.34．Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A．Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.B．Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.C．Theircells’shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.D．Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.35．WhyistheresearchgroundbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A．Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B．Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.C．Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.D．Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.【答案】32．C33．B34．A35．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了避免砍伐樹木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料。解釋了其實驗過程以及其積極意義。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.(每年，由于砍伐樹木，世界上損失了大約1000萬公頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學(xué)家預(yù)測，按照這個速度，世界上的森林可能會在100到200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個問題，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實驗室里生產(chǎn)類似木材的植物材料)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這項研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選C。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.(在實驗室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上提取細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。通過調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞的物理和機械特性。接下來，研究人員使用3D打印機來塑造細(xì)胞基材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長三個月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評估其質(zhì)量)”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)于實驗室研究的關(guān)鍵程序。故選B。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞更圓、更開放，密度更低，而較高的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)更小，但密度更大。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔軟或更堅硬，幫助材料生長出不同的類木特性)”可知，激素水平影響植物材料的硬度。故選A。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.(該技術(shù)可以調(diào)整以滿足對形狀、大小、剛性和形式的要求。它使我們能夠以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方法無法實現(xiàn)的方式“種植”任何木制品)”可知，貝倫斯坦認(rèn)為這項研究具有開創(chuàng)性因為它革新了制作木制品的方法。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThedayswhenartwasanOlympicsportDidyouknowthatcreatingworksofartusedtobeanOlympicpetition?36Inthefirstyear,WalterWinansbecamethefirstandtheonlyOlympiantowinmedalsforbothartandsports.Despitethisseeminglyoptimisticstart,theideaoftheartsbeingincludedintheOlympicGamessoonmetwithdisinterest,finallyresultingintheremovaloftheartpetitionfromtheOlympicGames.37TheideatoincludeartintheOlympicscamefromBaronPierredeCoubertin,whowasthefounderoftheInternationalOlympicmittee,whichcreatedthemodernOlympics.Coubertinbelievedthattheartsandsportswerelinkedandwasimpressedbyanyonewhohadafirmmandofbothasportandanartisticdiscipline(項目).Whyaren’ttheartsincludedintheOlympicstoday?Forstarters,onlyamateurswereallowedtopeteintheartspartoftheOlympics.38Havingartistsofaveragequalitypetingwhileonlythemostpetentathleteswereallowedtopetecreatedadramaticdivideandgavetheimpressionthattheartswerenotasimportantassports.Secondly,worksofartcreatedhadtohavesportsasthesubjectmatter.39LimitingthesubjectsalsocontributedtomakingtheartspartoftheOlympicGamesboringtothegeneralpublic.Finally,oneofthebiggestreasonswasthattheartsaresubjective.Sportscanbejudgedbytimeanddistance,makingiteasytodeterminewhoisthewinner.40ThisdifficultyinjudgingadefinitewinnerresultedintheartspartbeinganonpetitiveexhibitionthatranforthedurationoftheOlympicGames.A．WhywasartmadeanOlympicdiscipline?B．WhatisadisciplineintheOlympicGames?C．Thisrulemadetheobjectsproducedseemreallyboring.D．Thearts,ontheotherhand,arenotquitesoeasytojudgeE．However,theartspartoftheOlympicsGameswassoonabandonedF．Thismeansthatmanyfamousartistswerebannedfromparticipating.G．For36years,from1912to1948,artistsparticipatedintheOlympicGames.【答案】36．G37．A38．F39．C40．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品是奧林匹克運動的項目的相關(guān)歷史以及闡述了為什么今天的奧運會不包括藝術(shù)項目的原因。36．根據(jù)前文“DidyouknowthatcreatingworksofartusedtobeanOlympicpetition?(你知道創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品曾經(jīng)是一