初高中英語銜接基本句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)課件

句子成分MembersofSentences句子成分BasicSentencesStructures基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)目錄CONTENTS21Warmingup熱身環(huán)節(jié)HisnameisJackson.HewasbornandraisedinHongkong,China.Fromthissportfamily,hisdadusedtobeaformerOlympicfencer,hismom'sagymnast,too.HisbrotherisarugbyplayerinAustralia.Growingupinthisfamily,hestartedfencingwhenhewas10,andthenin2011hewaspreparinghimselfforLondonOlympicGames.HehadascholarshipofferfromStanford.Warmingup熱身環(huán)節(jié)Jacksonhashisfamilymembers.MembersofsentencesMembersofSentences1句子成分Membersofsentences句子成分I'mtheheadofthefamily,sopeoplecallme“thesubject”.主語我是一家之主，我做主語。SubjectIamtheheadofthefamily.Seeingisbelieving.Tosayisonething,andtodoisanother.Twoindistressmakesthesorrowless.Whathesaidimpressedmealot.Thesunrisesintheeast.代詞動名詞不定式數(shù)詞從句（一）主語：動作發(fā)出者。名詞主語

(S-subject):表明句子說的是誰或什么情況，一般可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、主語從句等充當。Membersofsentences句子成分Withoutme,withouthome.I'mthemostimportantone.謂語動詞沒有我就沒有家，我是最重要的謂語動詞。Verb簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflag.Helookedafterme.復合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasn’treceivedthee-mailyet.saw

lookedafter

canspeak

hasn’treceived（二）謂語：主語之后。由動詞擔任Ihaveabestfriend.HernameisJenny.Welookaftereachother.Butshedoesn’tliketalkingtoomuch.Shecankeepquietforawholeday.實義動詞-及物動詞系動詞動詞短語助動詞+動詞原型情態(tài)動詞+動詞原型———————————————————————————————謂語(V-verb)：說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，一般由簡單動詞或動詞短語（助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主要動詞）充當。Object賓語Let'scallit”object”.What'shisname?I'mtheobject.Ialwaysfollowmymom-verb.賓語我叫賓語。我是媽媽生的，所以老跟在媽媽-動詞后面。Object（三）賓語：放在及物動詞、介詞之后Hegavemeabasketball.

Hemadeacakeforme.賓語：是動作的承受者，放在謂語動詞（及物動詞）后。—————————————————賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.Hegaveme

somebooks.IO(indirectobject)間接賓語DO(directobject)直接賓語主語+謂語（vt.）+間接賓語（sb.）+直接賓語（sth.）當將間接賓語放于直接賓語之后，則兩者之間要用介詞to或者for.Hegavesomebookstome.DO(directobject)直接賓語IO(indirectobject)間接賓語補充跟雙賓的動詞（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。Membersofsentences句子成分Mymomasksmygrandmatotakecareofme.Sowecallher“Objectivecomplement”.賓語補足語媽媽忙不過來了，所以就請了位奶奶專門照看我，給家里補充個幫手,奶奶就叫賓補。Sheaskedthebabytostopcrying.謂語

賓語

賓語補足語（四）賓補：常見于固搭中findsthadj\makenadj\asksbtodo\seesbdoing用來補充說明賓語的情況主語Ifoundthebookinteresting.Isawherlaughing.Hemadetheboycry.Thewarmadehimahero.形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略to的不定式有些動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只能跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的句子意思，賓語后必須加上一個補語成分才能使句意完整，所加上的部分就是賓語補足語。名詞如何區(qū)分雙賓和賓語補足語？只需要在賓語和賓補之間加一個be動詞，意思讀起來是對的，就是賓+賓補，意思錯的就是雙賓語。Hegavemeabasketball.

Ifoundthebookinteresting.

雙賓賓補Membersofsentences句子成分Mydadsometimesisinfluencedbygrandpa.Sowecallhim“Predicative”.表語在家里爸爸是主語，但是有的時候受到爺爺?shù)挠绊?。Predica-tive（五）表語：放在系動詞之后

Sheisadoctor.

Theclothfeelssoft.

Hisfavoritesportisrunning.

Yourtaskistofindoutthecost.

Thehelperishim.

TheluckynumberinChinaiseight.

Sheisintheroom.說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”常見系動詞口訣Be

的一張臉，看似

變

不變。amisarelookfeelsmelltastesoundseemappearkeepstayremainThewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.I’mhappytoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.overtoknowthetruthhappythefirstoutofcondition請找出下列句子的表語Myfatherboughtaniceredcar.主語謂語

賓語定語（六）定語Attribute：修飾或限制名詞或代詞前置定語：形容詞、數(shù)詞。后置定語：詞組、句子Thegirl

inredishissister.Doyouknowthemanwhoshoppedjustnow?sheisanicesister.定語：①修飾名詞或代詞；②前置定語（形容詞\數(shù)詞充當）后置定語（短語）③翻譯為”...的“Heisaboy.Therearestudents.Thereisababy.Thegirlishissister.clever4sleepingintheclassroomIwillbebackTheyareplayingHewaslateHegotupsolateintwodays.ontheplayground.becausehegotuplate.thatImissedthetrain.（七）狀語Adverbial：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明時間、地點、原因、狀態(tài)、結(jié)果、目的、伴隨、程度等時間狀語地點狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語ThisisJason,Thenewsworriesus.（同從）myidol.thatheisill（八）同位語Appositive：同位語是在名詞或者代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞，對前者加以說明。Let'ssumup總結(jié)八大句子成分主語謂語賓補賓語表語定語狀語TheBasicSentencesStructure句子結(jié)構(gòu)2S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)Sentence

structureSentencesSVAllofuslaughed!SVOImissmygrandma.SPTheteacherwaskindandfriendly.SVIODOHetoldusafunnystory.SVOCIfoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.SVAHetalkedtoomuch.SVOAIhadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.Therebe…There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.Analyzethesentencestructures.

Thesunwasshining.

Themoonrose.

Theuniverseremains.

Who

cares?主謂(SV)：S+Vi（不及物動詞）

Whoknowstheanswer?

Heenjoysreading.

Theyatewhatwasleftover.

Iwanttohaveacupoftea.

主謂賓(SVO)：S+Vt(及物動詞)+O區(qū)分SV和SVO？S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)Whatkindofsentencestructureisit?Sentence

structureSentencesSVAThe100-year-oldschoolliesinthecenterofthecity.SVWemustact.SPThemathshomeworklookseasy.SVOCTheteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.SVIODOMymomboughtmeanewdictionary.SVOTomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestud