2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點(diǎn)閱讀理解：推理判斷

II讀理解解密01推理判斷（分層訓(xùn)練）

分層練A

1.【山東省濟(jì)寧鄒城市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】

EveryApril,Ifindmyselftroubledbythesameconcern-thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscape

looksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.OnMay3,1awoketoagreensoamazingastobealmost

electric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofpressingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,blues

andgreen.

Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneand

thereforetoeveryone.Thetree'sdarkbranchesstretchoutinunpruned（未經(jīng)修剪的）abandon.

Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,I

setouttoprune（修剪）afewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopened

theirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches（門廊）.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcome

uninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak."You'renotgoingtocutit

down,areyou?^^sheaskedanxiously.

Soon,halftheneighborhoodjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyears

andonlynowwaslearningthesepeople'snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwas

asiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandshared

wonder.

Justtheotherday,Isawoneneighboratthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeen

especiallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.Andthen,he

lookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”

1.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthesuddenchangeoftheview?

A.Frightened.B.Depressed.C.Surprised.D.Annoyed.

2.Whydidtheneighborsopentheirwindowsandstepout?

A.Theyintendedtogreettheauthor.

B.Theyfeltastonishedtonoticeastranger.

C.Theymeanttoprotecttheirpersonalgardens.

D.Theywonderedwhatmighthappentothetree.

3.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheappletreeintheneighborhood5?

A.Itservedasabond.B.Itwasleftunattended.

C.Itstayedinapoorcondition.D.Itprovedtobeunappealing.

4.Whatdidtheneighborvaluemostaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Thearrivalofspring.B.Theneighborhoodgathering.

C.Thepruningoftheappletree.D.Entertainmentinthelongwinter.

【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者居住在緬因州，這兒的冬天總是很長(zhǎng)，作者和鄰居們總是盼

著春天到來(lái)。作者修剪蘋果枝的行為，引來(lái)了很多的鄰居聚在一起的故事。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnMay3,1awoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringwere

simplyamatterofpressingaswitch.（5月3日，當(dāng)我醒來(lái)時(shí)，我看到了一片令人驚嘆的綠色，仿佛春天只是

按下一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)。）”可知，作者對(duì)風(fēng)景的突然改變感到很驚訝。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsand

steppedontotheirporches（門廊）.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheir

personalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak."You'renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?^^she

askedanxiously.（我剛到樹(shù)下，鄰居們就打開(kāi)窗戶，走出門廊。這些人我?guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識(shí)，但就好像我不請(qǐng)自來(lái)

地進(jìn)入了他們的私人花園。我的活動(dòng)房屋鄰居是第一個(gè)開(kāi)口的?！澳悴粫?huì)把它砍倒吧?”她焦急地問(wèn)。）”可知，

鄰居們打開(kāi)窗戶并走出來(lái)，是因?yàn)樗麄兿胫肋@棵樹(shù)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeof

bothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.（就好像那棵老蘋果樹(shù)把我們聚集在它的樹(shù)枝下，目的是為了認(rèn)識(shí)我

們，分享我們的驚奇。戶可推斷，那棵蘋果樹(shù)成為鄰居們之間是一種紐帶。故選A。

4.推理判斷題o根據(jù)最后一段"Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedof

nothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.（他說(shuō)最近這個(gè)冬天特另U漫長(zhǎng)，抱怨說(shuō)沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)

時(shí)間地和我們附近的任何人見(jiàn)面或說(shuō)話。廠可推斷，鄰居最看重鄰里聚會(huì)。故選B。

2.【四川省內(nèi)江市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一診】

“Youwillbeinmyheartforever.Withoutyou,thereareonlyemptinessanddesertinmyThisisaline

fromaheartfeltpoemFengDuanwrotetohisfianceeChenLianfangin1955.

Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.Feng,anacademicat

theChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghaswrittencountlesslove

poemstohiswife.Oneveryimportantanniversaryorfestival,FengwouldsendapoemtoChen.In1978,when

Chen'scancersurgerysucceeded,Fengcreatedmorethantenpoemstocelebratehiswife'srecovery.Chenuseda

redsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.TheacademichasalsotranslatedmanyEnglish,FrenchandGermanpoems

intoclassicalChinese.

Thecouplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesof

poemstoChenasagift.

“AslongasIthinkofyou,abeamofsunshinelightsupmyheart,Fengwrote.

ChenrecalledthefirsttimeFenginvitedhertohisdormitorytohaveacupofteaandshethoughtthecupwas

madeoffrostedglass.Asthetwobecamecloser,Chenoftenvisitedtheacademic'sdorm.Sherealizedthatthecup

wastheonlyonepoorFengowned.Theopaque（不透明的）cupwasnotfrostedglassbutcommonglassstained

withtoothpaste.

LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganicechangefromthesinglemanslife.

Feng'smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafterFeng'sdailyneeds.

1.WhenFengfirstmetChen,hewas.

A.32B.30

C.28D.26

2.WhatchangedidChenbringtoFeng?

A.ChenmadeagreatdifferencetoFeng'sdailylife.

B.ChenchangedFeng'sacademiclifegreatly.

C.ChenwrotealotofpoemstoFeng.

D.ChenintroducedalotoffriendstoFeng.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ChenandFenghappenedtomeeteachotheronthecampus.

B.Fengwrotemanypoemsindifferentlanguages.

C.ChencherishedthepoemsFengwrotetoher.

D.Fenglikedhisopaquecupsomuch.

4.Thewriterwrotethepassagetoshow.

A.howafamouspoetwriteslovepoemstohiswife

B.howthelovepoemsjointwoheartstogether

C.howimportantlovepoemsareinthemarriage

D.howthelovepoemsmakethecouplefamous

【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了兩位九旬老人的浪漫愛(ài)情故事。作為一名中科院學(xué)者，

Feng卻給Chen寫了64年的愛(ài)情詩(shī)，給Chen帶來(lái)了幸福，而Chen也一直照料著他的日常生活。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.

Feng,anacademicattheChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghas

writtencountlesslovepoemstohiswife.（Feng今年94歲，Chen90歲，他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚半個(gè)多世紀(jì)了。Feng

是中國(guó)科學(xué)院的一名學(xué)者，他可能不是職業(yè)詩(shī)人，但64年來(lái)，F(xiàn)eng給妻子寫了無(wú)數(shù)首情詩(shī)。）”及第三段“The

couplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesofpoemstoChen

asagift.（1953年，F(xiàn)eng和Chen通過(guò)一個(gè)共同的朋友介紹認(rèn)識(shí)，F(xiàn)eng送給Chen兩本紙質(zhì)詩(shī)歌作為禮物。）”,

可知Feng和Chen第一見(jiàn)面時(shí)，是94-64=30,應(yīng)該是30歲，故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后——段“LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganice

changefromthesinglemanslife.Feng'smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafter

Feng'sdailyneeds.（后來(lái)，她給Feng買了很多衣服，甚至給他買了一個(gè)爐子，這是一個(gè)很好的改變。Feng

和Chen的婚姻給她帶來(lái)了更多的幸福，現(xiàn)在Chen仍然照顧Feng的日常需要。廠可知，Chen一直照顧Feng

的日常生活，Chen對(duì)Feng的日常生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Chenusedaredsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.（Chen用一個(gè)紅色行李箱來(lái)存

放這些情詩(shī)。廠可知，Chen珍視Feng給她的情詩(shī)。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。通篇理解，本文主要介紹了兩位九旬老人的浪漫愛(ài)情故事，而情詩(shī)是串聯(lián)其64年愛(ài)情的

事物，作者寫這篇文章是為了展示情詩(shī)如何把兩顆心連在一起的，故選B。

3.【陜西省寶雞教育聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（四）】

Whatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon'twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching（縫）and

redesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble（可持續(xù)的）.

InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,

US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementof

Wisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMad

Patcher.

Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefrom

hisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.Thefunhobbyquickly

turnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomized

clothingforthem.

“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn'tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1had

tostartmakingabusinessoutofit,“SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.

In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics（布料）fromother

clothestocreatehispatchwork（拼接）designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycled

materialstoensuremaximumsustainability.

Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofits

tonon-profitorganizations.

Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,44Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeople

withsimilarideas.9,TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNew

York.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghis

businessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.

1.WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?

A.Hisinterestinfashiondesign.

B.Thepopularityofhispants.

C.Hisgrandmother'sencouragement.

D.Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.

2.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?

A.Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.

B.Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.

C.Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.

D.Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.

3.WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?

A.Growhisclothingbrand.

B.Earnadegreeinfashion.

C.Donateittoafashionschool.

D.Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?

A.Strongbutselfish.

B.Braveanddetermined.

C.Talentedbutnegative.

D.Creativeandgenerous.

【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了今年3月，一位來(lái)自美國(guó)威斯康辛州埃爾克哈特湖-格倫比拉高中

的17歲學(xué)生憑借回收衣物入圍了青年企業(yè)家大賽的決賽。比賽由非營(yíng)利組織“威斯康星青年成就”主辦。他

的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第四段“"SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn'tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,

sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,''SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（薩爾茲韋德?tīng)?/p>

在接受希博伊根出版社采訪時(shí)表示：“有這么多人想要它們，所以我不打算免費(fèi)制作150條褲子，所以我不

得不開(kāi)始做生意?！保┛芍难澴雍苁軞g迎促使薩爾茲韋德?tīng)柦?jīng)商的。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMad

Patcher.^^（他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyuses

donatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.^^（他只使用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限

度的可持續(xù)性。）可知，這篇文章告訴了我們關(guān)于TheMadPatcher,它生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteof

TechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.^^（這位少年計(jì)戈U用

獎(jiǎng)金去紐約的時(shí)裝技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。該學(xué)院是世界上最著名的時(shí)裝學(xué)院之一。）可知，薩爾茲韋德?tīng)柎蛩阌锚?jiǎng)

學(xué)金去學(xué)習(xí)，獲得時(shí)尚專業(yè)的學(xué)位。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfuland

patternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyuses

donatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.^^（2021年，薩爾茲韋德?tīng)杽?chuàng)立了自己的服裝品

牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鮮艷、有圖案的面料來(lái)創(chuàng)作他的拼接設(shè)計(jì)，比如牛仔褲、襯衫和夾克。他只使

用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollars

throughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.^^（薩爾茲韋德?tīng)柾?/p>

過(guò)賣衣服賺了數(shù)千美元，他把25%的利潤(rùn)捐給了非營(yíng)利組織。）故可推知，富有創(chuàng)造力和慷慨大方是最能描

述薩爾茨維德?tīng)柕?。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.【江蘇省蘇州高新區(qū)第一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三一?！?/p>

Stargazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviewsofnightskies.Let'stakea

deeperdiveintowhatyou'llseeatthedark-skyparks.

JoshuaTreeNationalPark,California

JoshuaTreeNationalParkisapopularattractionforstargazerslivingonthewestcoast.Despitebeing

influencedbylightpollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajor

citiesintheeast(withPhoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway),providesitwithsomeofthe

darkestskiesinCalifornia.

ElquiValley,Chile

ApopularwineregioncenteredontheElquiRiverinnorthernChile,theElquiValleyalsooffersideal

conditions(high-altitude,low-population,limitedcloudcover)foruncorkingabottleandtoastingtheheavens

above.Spanningsome90,000acres,theregionhasthedistinctionofbeingnamedthefirst-everDarkSky

SanctuarybytheInternationalAstronomicalUnionin2015.

It'salsohometonearlyadozenobservatories,boutiquestargazinghotelsandalargevarietyoftoursthatcover

bothcosmicanddaytimespectacles.

WadiRum,Jordan

OneofJordan'smostvaluabletouristdestinations,WadiRumisanotherworldlymountaindesertfeaturing

dramaticrockformationsandwind-sweptrust-coloreddunes.WadiRumisanincrediblelandscapetoo(usedfora

lotofsci-fimovieslikeRogueOne,PrometheusandTheMartian)andit'soneofthedarkplaceswhereyoucanjust

sitandlookupatthewonderofthenightskywithverylittleinterruption.

GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,America

It'snosurprisethatGreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreservehasbeenbuildingareputationforgood

nightskyviewing.Thedryair,highelevation,andlackoflightpollutionallmaketheparkanidealdark-sky

destination.

TheSangredeCristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding(遮蔽，籠

罩)thepark-withits149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutJoshuaTreeNationalPark?

A.Itisrelativelyseparatedfrommajorcities.

B.Itisthefirstdarkskyparkintheworld.

C.Itisaffectedbynolightpollution.

D.Itisnamedasthedarkestskyintheworld.

2.WhathelpspreventGreatSandDunesfromlight?

A.Thewetlands.B.Thesanddune.

C.Theforests.D.Themountains.

3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?

A.Parkgoers.B.Spaceexplorers.

C.Starobservers.D.Adventurouscampers.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)適合觀星愛(ài)好者的景點(diǎn)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JoshuaTreeNationalPark,California部分第二句"Despitebeinginfluencedbylight

pollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajorcitiesintheeast（with

Phoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway）,providesitwithsomeofthedarkestskiesin

California."（盡管它的西部邊界受到科切拉山谷城市的光污染的影響，但它與東部主要城市的相對(duì)隔絕（鳳

凰城是最近的城市地區(qū)，約300英里外），使它擁有加州最黑暗的天空。）可知，JoshuaTreeNationalPark

主要城市相對(duì)隔離。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,America部分第二段第——句"TheSangrede

CristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding（遮蔽，籠罩）thepark-withits

149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.95（SangredeCristo

山阻擋了來(lái)自附近城市的大部分天空輝光，將公園籠罩在黑暗中，公園里有149,164英畝的沙丘、濕地、草

原、森林和高山苔原。）可知，群山讓GreatSandDunes免受陽(yáng)光照射。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Stargazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviews

ofnightskies.Let'stakeadeeperdiveintowhatyoullseeatthedark-skyparks.”（觀星者可以參觀世界上著名的

暗天公園，欣賞未受污染的夜空美景。讓我們來(lái)深入了解一下在黑暗天空的公園里你會(huì)看到什么。）可知，

這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者是觀星愛(ài)好者。故選C。

5.【“皖江名校”高三決戰(zhàn)高考最后一卷】

Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacid

fromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontain

theacidsafely.

H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaare

actuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhave

symptoms.

Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis（胃炎），bywearing

awaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtobumawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers（潰瘍）。

Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcers

wasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonits

own.

Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaona

microscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinued

hisresearch.

WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparate

themysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults,

howevertheideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.

Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.He

infectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocure

himselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics（抗生素）.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowin

stomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.

Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall'shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineand

thetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005.Twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhis

research.

1.WhydidtheacademicsinitiallyrefusetoacceptthatH.pyloricausedgastritis?

A.Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.

B.Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.

C.Theythoughtthatbacteriacouldn'tsurviveinthestomach.

D.TheAustralianpathologistRobinWarrenprovidednoevidence.

2.HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?

A.Choosingunhealthylifestyles.B.IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.

C.Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining.D.GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Scientificprogresstakestime.B.Scienceguidesmedicalpractices.

C.Warrenisnotaproductivescientist.D,OnlyMarshalldeservestheprize.

4.Thetextismostlikelywrittento.

A.ChemistsB.PatientsC.ResearchersD.Thegeneralpublic

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D

【解析】

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.（直

到20世紀(jì)80年代，人們一直認(rèn)為細(xì)菌在胃酸中無(wú)法生存。）可知，學(xué)者們最初拒絕接受幽門螺桿菌引起胃

炎是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為細(xì)菌在胃酸里無(wú)法生存。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshall

decidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.

和下文內(nèi)容可知，受夠了被忽視和對(duì)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)充滿信心，巴里?馬歇爾決定親自進(jìn)行測(cè)試，他感染了幽門螺

桿菌，很快就發(fā)展成胃炎和可怕的胃潰瘍。因此可知，巴里?馬歇爾讓幽門螺桿菌進(jìn)入了自己的胃，最后患

了胃炎和胃潰瘍，來(lái)證明幽門螺桿菌引起胃炎。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，最終，世界完全承認(rèn)沃倫和馬歇爾對(duì)科學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的巨大貢

獻(xiàn)，兩人于2005年被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。羅賓首次開(kāi)始他的研究后26年。因此推斷科學(xué)發(fā)展需要時(shí)間。

故選Ao

4.推理判斷題。文章介紹了兩位科學(xué)家對(duì)幽門螺旋桿菌的研究歷程以及結(jié)論，是一篇科普文章?？破瘴恼碌?/p>

受眾是thegeneralpublic（普通大眾），故選D。

分層練B

1.【江蘇省南通市如皋市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研(三)】

Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.

AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTable

byGillArbuthnott(BloomsburyChildren'sBooks)

Therearelotsoffunnystories,fascinatingfactsandinterestingexplanationspackedintothisbook,which

aimstoprovideagoodintroductiontotheperiodictable.Aswellasplentyofinformation,therearelotsof

eye-catchingdiagramsandillustrations.

ExploringtheElements

byIsabelThomas.IllustratedbySaraGillingham(PhaidonPress)

Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements-wheretheyare

found,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe'velearnedtousethem.Smartandstylish,thebookeven

comeswithanillustratedperiodictable.

TheElementsintheRoom

byMikeBarfield.IllustratedbyLaurenHumphrey(LaurenceKing)

Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashe

triestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.Thisisafunwaytolearnaboutthebasicsof

chemicalelements,fromaluminumtozinc.

ThePeriodicTableBook

byDarlingKindersley,Ltd

Ifyouarejuststartingyourchemistrylearning,looknofurtherthanthiscomprehensivevisualencyclopedia,

whichispackedwithstunningphotographs.Itcoversallthebasicsofchemistry,withinformationaboutthe

differentelements,andyou'llalsolearnaboutsomeofthefamousscientistswhodiscoveredthem.

1.Whichbookcanexplaintheapplicationoftheelements?

A.AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTableB.ExploringtheElements

C.TheElementsintheRoomD.ThePeriodicTableBook

2.HowisMikeBarfield'sbookdifferentfromtheotherbooks?

A.Itcontainsanillustratedperiodictable.B.Itincludesinterestingstoriesandfacts.

C.Itintroducessomeofthefamouschemists.D.Ithasthepotentialforwinningprizes.

3.Whoarethefourbooksespeciallyintendedfor?

A.Chemistryresearchers.B.Chemistrymajors.

C.Chemistrybeginners.D.Chemistryteachers.

【答案】1.B2.D3.C

【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了四本關(guān)于化學(xué)的書。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書ExploringtheElements的介紹中“Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesan

introductoryguidetothechemicalelements-wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkableways

we'velearnedtousethem.（這本設(shè)計(jì)精美的書提供了化學(xué)元素的介紹性指南——它們?cè)谀睦锉话l(fā)現(xiàn)，它們的

特性和我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)的使用它們的值得注意的方法）”可知，ExploringtheElements這本書可以解釋化學(xué)元素

的應(yīng)用。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三本書TheElementsintheRoom的介紹中“Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,this

entertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutely

everythingcametoexist（作為眾多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的候選，這本有趣的書邀請(qǐng)你加入偵探SherlockOhms,因?yàn)樗噲D解

決絕對(duì)的一切是如何存在的謎）”可知，MikeBarfield的書與眾不同之處在于它有可能獲獎(jiǎng)。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Getstuckintochemistryw汕thesefascinatingguides.（跟著這些

有吸引力的指南進(jìn)入化學(xué)）”可知，四本書是為化學(xué)的初學(xué)者而寫的。故選C。

2.【江蘇省新高考基地學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三12月第三次大聯(lián)考】

CarpenteristheleadauthorofapaperinNatureReviewsPsychologythatexaminedmorethan100yearsof

researchonlearning.

“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,

classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe'representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven51

fullycaughton.Iftheywereemployedallthetime,we'dseebigincreasesinlearning,saidCarpenter.

Inthepaper,Carpenterandherco-authorsdescribespacingasastrategytolearninsmallamountsovertime.

It'stheoppositeofcramming（塞滿）thenightbeforeanexam.Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceived

repeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercompared

tomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.

Carpentersaysthereisn'tauniversalruleabouthowmuchtimetoschedulebetweenpracticesessions.But

researchshowsreturningtothematerialafterforgettingsome-butnotall-ofthecontentiseffective.

Retrievalpracticeisastrategythatinvolvesrecallingwhatwaslearnedpreviously.Itcantakemanyforms,

includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoand

don'tknow.Thepaper'sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackright

awaylearnevenbetter.Morethan200studiesshowpeoplegenerallymaintainmoreinformationforlongerperiods

oftimewithretrievalpracticecomparedtostrategiesthatdonotinvolveretrieval（e.g.,re-readingatextbook.）

Theauthorsarguepeoplewhocombinespacingandretrievalpracticehavethebestchanceofremembering

information.

^Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan'tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgetting

byusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,saidCarpenter.

Carpentersayssheusesdigitaltools（e.g.,onlinepracticequizzes,clickerquestions）toincorporateretrieval

practiceandspacingintoheruniversitycourses,butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintothe

classroom.

1.Whydotheauthorandhisgrouppresentthisresearch?

A.Becausepeopledon'tacceptthetwotechniques.

B.Becausethetwotechniqueshaven'tpopularized.

C.Becausepeoplehavemuchdifficultyinlearning.

D.Becausethetwotechniquesaretakinglittleeffect.

2.HowdoesCarpenterprovespacingissuperiortocramming?

A.Bystudyingsomecases.B.Byreceivingsometraining.

C.Byapplyingsomerules.D.Byschedulingsometime.

3.Whatcanretrievalpracticehelppeopletoget?

A.Selfassessment.B.Widerecognition.

C.Positiveresponse.D.Generalstrategies.

4.WhatmightCarpentertalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpractice.

B.Potentialwaysusedtoslowdownforgetting.

C.Argumentsaboutwhattodotostopforgetting.