人教版八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)期末語法專題復(fù)習(xí)資料

㈠一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

八上重點(diǎn)語法四大時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語＋am/is/are2.主語＋動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)標(biāo)志詞：頻度副詞：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,hardlyever頻率詞組：onceayear,twiceamonth,threetimesaday等3.其他詞組：onSundays,at/onweekends,everyday/year...(every系列)表示客觀真理、客觀存在或自然現(xiàn)象。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。主將從現(xiàn)。ifunlessaslongasuntil等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如：Unlesshetalkstosomeone，he’llcertainlyfeelworse.除非他和某人交談，否則他肯定會(huì)感覺更糟。Lucyoften (watch)TVatnine.Sometimesmymother (notdo)thecooking. Jim (study)Englisheverymorning?Igooutuntilmymother (e)back.won’tgoswimmingifit (rain)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語＋was/were2.主語＋動(dòng)詞過去式標(biāo)志詞：agoago詞組yesterdayyesterday3lastlast詞組justnow,inthepast,in1920等attheageof...,..oneday,longlongonceuponatime表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：Shefinishedreadingabookaboutrobotslastweek.她上周讀完了一本關(guān)于機(jī)器人的書。often，sometimes，never等頻度副詞連用。如：WhenIwasachild，Ioftenplayedbasketballinthepark.當(dāng)我是一個(gè)小孩時(shí)，我經(jīng)常在公園里打籃球。often (take)awalkintheeveningwhenwelivedinthecountrylastTheoldman (move)toAmericaattheageof(notdo)yourhomeworkjust(live)inthecountryinthepast.He (turn)offthelightsandlefttheclassroom.㈢一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋will/shall/表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.他們下周將前往上海。begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形，表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，要發(fā)生的事。如：Lookatthedarkclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那黑云。將要有暴風(fēng)雨。（客觀跡象）“bedoing”goeleavestaystartbegin等，表示即將發(fā)生或安排好要做的事情。如：Sheisgoingtheretomorrow.她明天將去那兒。Ifyougotothepartyyouwillhaveagoodtime.begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形標(biāo)志詞：1.tomorrow,soon,later2.nextweek/month(next系列)3.inaweek,in2021,in＋一段時(shí)間4.oneday,someday,inthe(near)futureHe (buy)thebooknextweek.Canyouguesswhat (happen)inahundredyears? you (study)inNo.OneMiddleSchoolnextterm?He (be)18yearsoldnext㈣現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):主語＋am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞標(biāo)志詞:1.Look！/Listen！2.now,rightnowatpresent,atthistime,atthe/thismomentthesedays表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：Look！Mybrotherisreadingabook.看！我哥哥/弟弟正在讀書。表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。如：Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.他們這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)很努力。goleavearrivestart等動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。如：Samisn’tleavinguntilnextWednesday.薩姆直到下周三才會(huì)離開。They (sleep)Theworker (notwork)atthemoment.Look!Theboy (play)football.Heisalways (ask)mequestions.綜合練習(xí)1.Ourteacher (have)aholidayonceamonth.2.Lucysawabirdwhenshe (open)the3.Listen!Somechildren (sing)inthe4.Howsoon he (finish）hiswork? Inaweek.5There (be)aclassmeetingnextafternoon.㈠變化規(guī)則

八上重點(diǎn)語法：形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)①一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加er和est 如：strongstrongerstrongest②以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,只加r和st 如：strangestrangerstrangest;nicenicernicest③以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾重讀閉音節(jié)的單詞,須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er和est大紅胖瘦悲濕熱bigbiggerbiggest; redredderreddest; thinthinnerthinnest; hothotterhottest; wetwetterwettest;sadsaddersaddest④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞(以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞),先把y變成i,再加er,est 如：healthyhealthierhealthiest;busybusierbusiest;friendlyfriendlierfriendliest;(ly結(jié)尾的形容詞)more,popularmorepopularmostpopular⑥不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式 口訣：兩好兩壞加兩多，一少一遠(yuǎn)都包括。原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest㈡比較等級(jí)的用法使用連詞than(比較+than) BobisheavierthanPaul.“Which/Whois+比較級(jí),AorB?”WhichTshirtisnicer,thisoneorthatone? Whoismoreactive,MaryorKate?“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”意為“越來越…”多音節(jié)比較級(jí)用“moreandmore＋形容詞原級(jí)”形式。It’sgettingworseandworse. 天氣變得越來越冷了。Hebecamemoreandmorepopular.他變得越來越受人歡迎了。3.The比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí) 表示:越…,越…Themoretreesweplant,thebettertheenvironmentwillbe.5.the+形容詞比較級(jí)+ofthetwo+…表示“是兩者中較…的”Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwoboys.6.同級(jí)比較：as+形容詞副詞原級(jí)+as...notas(so)...as...如:Mr.GreenisasoldasMr.Brown.格林先生和布朗先生年齡一樣大。Mr.Greenisnotas(so)oldasMr.Brown.格林先生和布朗先生的年齡不一樣大。=MrBrownisolderthanMrGreen(這個(gè)句型可與用than的句型轉(zhuǎn)換)㈢最高級(jí)的用法形容詞的最高級(jí)前用the,句中有in/of短語;the可省略。(注:最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,名詞所有格,指示代詞時(shí)不用the)。如:isthetallestinhisclass. Heistheshortestofall. Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.Heismybestfriend.(不用the)Which/Whois+the+最高級(jí),A,BorC用于三者以上的比較”Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示“…是…中最…之一”。BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中國(guó)最大城市之一。the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí) TheRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.WuhanisthebiggestcityinHubei.=WuhanisbiggerthananyothercityinHubei.=WuhanisbiggerthantheothercitiesinHubei.Wuhanisbiggerthananycity/allthecitiesinGuangdong. (武漢不在廣東范圍內(nèi))㈣注意:much,even,stillfar,abit,alittle,alot等來修飾。Thiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanbefore. She’salitt