押上海卷31-40題 選詞填空（解析版）

押上海卷31-40題選詞填空

【題型解讀】上海英語(yǔ)高考卷的詞匯部分以語(yǔ)篇的形式呈現(xiàn)，考核學(xué)生在語(yǔ)境中正確理解和運(yùn)用詞匯的能力，即考查考生對(duì)篇章上下文的理解能力和使用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。其題目的設(shè)置為10道空白處，要求考生從所提供的有11個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的詞庫(kù)里選出最合適的詞分別填入各空白處，使短文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整，通順得體。每個(gè)單詞只能選一次。這11個(gè)詞均為實(shí)義詞而非功能詞，即考查的范圍并不包含介詞、冠詞等虛詞，而只對(duì)名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞進(jìn)行考查。在這11個(gè)詞中有1個(gè)單詞為干擾項(xiàng)。選詞填空在命題方面具有以下特點(diǎn)∶◆選詞填空中的設(shè)空比較均勻，基本覆蓋全文?！?/p>

語(yǔ)篇第一句一般是對(duì)全文的概括或提示，為確保其完整性，且有助于學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解，通常不設(shè)空。◆詞匯考查點(diǎn)分配合理，相互干擾。◆該部分注重考查詞匯的詞義（meaning）及其使用（use）。近幾年高考尤其注重考查詞匯的隱含意思、詞語(yǔ)的搭配、意義關(guān)聯(lián)及貼切性。一詞多義和一詞多性往往是考查難點(diǎn)?！艚x詞或同義詞的辨析不列入考查范圍?！暨x項(xiàng)中的詞匯都為考綱詞匯，或加上前綴、后綴而成的衍生詞匯?！敬痤}點(diǎn)津】選詞填空雖然不以語(yǔ)法為考點(diǎn)，但是因?yàn)樗x擇的單詞不需要在時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)等語(yǔ)法方面進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，所以解題時(shí)對(duì)一些語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象加以利用往往會(huì)達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。解題時(shí)我們可以利用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞性判斷逐漸縮小詞庫(kù)中詞匯的選擇范圍。另外，該題型所提供的選項(xiàng)里，除了純干擾項(xiàng)外，各選項(xiàng)之間也互相干擾，一個(gè)空白處的誤填會(huì)引起連鎖反應(yīng)，造成其它空白處的錯(cuò)誤?！窘忸}步驟】

1、標(biāo)注選項(xiàng)，了解詞義快速瀏覽11個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞匯，簡(jiǎn)單標(biāo)注其詞性(n./v./a./ad.)，了解各詞的含義,值得注意的是遇到有些不止一種詞性的詞匯時(shí)，需將其詞性都標(biāo)注出來(lái)，方便答題時(shí)參考。2、通讀全文，了解大意用較快的速度瀏覽全文，尤其各個(gè)自然段的段首，了解文章主旨大意，為之后尋找正確答案打下鋪墊。3、尋找線索,先易后難在了解語(yǔ)篇主旨的情況下，結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)線索選擇詞匯。該環(huán)節(jié)不需要一氣呵成，應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)到難，逐步縮小選擇范圍的順序進(jìn)行。4、重讀全文,核實(shí)答案重讀全文指將自己選擇的詞匯代入原文后的快速瀏覽，以確保上下文的邏輯通暢，句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)法正確，詞語(yǔ)搭配恰當(dāng)。1．【2023年6月上海英語(yǔ)高考真題】A.unworkableB.indicativeC.polarD.promisingE.quantityF.requestsG.contentH.visionI.evaluatingJ.unmetK.subscribingBrainstormingisacreativeprocessthatcanhelpgeneratenewandinnovativeideastosolvecomplexproblems.Itinvolvesbringingtogetherindividualsfromdiversebackgroundsandperspectivestosharetheirideasfreelyandbuilduponeachother'scontributions.However,tomakethemostofthisprocess,itisimportanttocreateanenvironmentthatencouragesactiveparticipationandcollaboration.Herearesomekeyprinciplestokeepinmindwhenconductingabrainstormingsession.Firstly,itisimportanttohaveaclearvisionorgoalforthebrainstormingsession.Thiswillhelpguidethediscussionandensurethatallideasgeneratedarerelevanttothetopicathand.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtosharetheirthoughtsandideasfreely,withoutfearofjudgmentorcriticism.By(31)________toeachother'sideas,individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem.When(32)________thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession,itisimportanttoconsiderboththequantityandthe(33)________.Whileahighquantityofideascanbebeneficial,itismoreimportanttofocusonthequalityoftheideasandhowwelltheyalignwiththegroup'ssharedvision.Ideasthatare(34)________orirrelevanttothegroup'sgoalsshouldbediscardedinfavorofthosethataremore(35)________.Itisalsoimportanttohonor(36)________formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea.Thiscanhelpthegroupbetterevaluatetheideaanddeterminewhetheritalignswiththeirsharedvision.Ifanideaisdeemedunworkableorneedsare(37)________comprehensively,itisimportanttorecognizethisandmoveontootherideasthatmaybemorefeasible.Inadditiontoevaluatingthequalityofideas,itisimportanttoconsiderthecontentofthediscussion.Thebrainstormingsessionshouldbefocusedongeneratingnewideasandsolutions.ratherthanrehashingoldones.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtothinkcreativelyandoutsidethebox,andtoavoidgettingboggeddowninthedetails.The(38)________ofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsessioncanalsobeanimportantfactortoconsider.Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofasuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.Participantsshouldbeencouragedtogenerateasmanyideasaspossible,withoutworryingaboutwhethertheyarepracticalorfeasible.Ultimately,thesuccessofabrainstormingsessiondependsonthegroup'sabilitytoworktogethertowardsashared(39)________.Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.Brainstormingisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpusovercomethe(40)________thatplaguesoursociety,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture.【答案】31.K32.I33.G34.A35.D36.F37.J38.E39.H40.C【導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了開(kāi)展頭腦風(fēng)暴的關(guān)鍵原則。要成功地進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴，必須創(chuàng)造一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)積極參與和協(xié)作的環(huán)境，并且明確會(huì)議的目標(biāo)和愿景。參與者應(yīng)該自由地分享他們的想法，而不用擔(dān)心評(píng)判或批評(píng)。文章還提到了如何評(píng)估頭腦風(fēng)暴中產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，以及如何集中討論新的想法和解決方案。最終，成功的頭腦風(fēng)暴取決于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作實(shí)現(xiàn)共同目標(biāo)的能力?！驹斀狻?1.K[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空處需要填入動(dòng)的-ing形式，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)并根據(jù)該空后熱及的individualscanbuildoneachother'scontributionsandcreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftheproblem可推知，此處想要表達(dá)的是“通過(guò)認(rèn)同(subscribing)別人的觀點(diǎn)，個(gè)人可以在彼此貢獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)問(wèn)題有更全面的理解”，故選K。subscribev.捐助;簽署;訂閱;同意。32.I[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空需要填入動(dòng)詞的分詞形式，結(jié)合空格后提及的thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession(對(duì)于頭腦風(fēng)暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量)可推知，該空應(yīng)該填入評(píng)判類的詞，故此處想表述的是“在評(píng)估(evaluating)頭腦風(fēng)暴期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時(shí)”，故選I。evaluate.評(píng)價(jià):評(píng)估。33.G[解析]連詞and連接并列成分，and前為名詞，因此該空處需要填入名詞。結(jié)合上文提及的thequalityofideasgeneratedduringabrainstormingsession可推知不僅僅要重視這些想法的數(shù)量質(zhì)量，而且要重要審核這些想法的內(nèi)容。句意為:“在評(píng)估頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議期間產(chǎn)生的想法的質(zhì)量時(shí)，重要的是要考慮數(shù)量和內(nèi)容(content)”，故選G。Contentn.內(nèi)容;目錄;含量;成分。34.A[解析]根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞are和連詞or及irrelevant可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結(jié)合該空之后提及的irrelevanttothegroup'sgoals可推知，此處想要表述的是“不可行(unworkable)或與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)的想法應(yīng)該被拋棄”，故選A。unworkableadj.不可行的;行不通的:不切實(shí)際的。35.D[解析]根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞are和比較級(jí)標(biāo)志more可知，該空需要填入形容詞。結(jié)合上文提及的“需要放棄與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)不相符的想法”推知，此處需要填入的是“應(yīng)該接受什么樣的觀點(diǎn)”，D項(xiàng)與上文所填詞語(yǔ)含義有反差，即此處的意思為“那些與團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)的想法應(yīng)該被拋棄，取而代之的是那些更有前途的(promising)想法”，故選D。promisingadj,有希望的:有前途的。36.F[解析]結(jié)合連詞or之后的clarification推知，該空需要填入名詞。再根據(jù)該空之后提及的formoreinformationorclarificationonaparticularidea以及該段相關(guān)內(nèi)容可以推知,此處想要表達(dá)的是“在頭腦風(fēng)暴過(guò)程中尊重相關(guān)要求和閘明觀點(diǎn)也很重要”。句意為:“同樣重要的是，滿足獲得更多信息的要求(requests)或明一個(gè)特定想法”。故選F。requestsn.要求;需要;申請(qǐng)書。37.J[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空需要填入形容詞，結(jié)合相關(guān)選項(xiàng)和該空前提及的Ifanideaisconsideredunworkable推知，此處想要表述的是“如果一個(gè)想法被認(rèn)為是不可行的，或者需求沒(méi)有得到全面滿足(unmet)，那么重要的是要認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，并轉(zhuǎn)向其他可能更可行的想法”，故選J。unmetadj.未滿足的:未相遇的:未應(yīng)付的。38.E[解析]結(jié)合下句提及的Whileahighquantityofideasisnotalwaysindicativeofsuccessfulsession,itcanhelpensurethatallpossibilitiesareexploredandconsidered.和下文相關(guān)內(nèi)容可推知，該段講述的內(nèi)容與頭腦風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)生的觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)量有關(guān)。句意為:“頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議期間產(chǎn)生的想法數(shù)量(quantity)也是一個(gè)需要考慮的重要因素”。故選E。quantityn.數(shù)量數(shù)額:大量;眾多。39.H[解析]根據(jù)空格前的冠詞a可知，該空需要填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，又結(jié)合該空后趣及的Bycreatingacultureofsubscribingtoeachother'sideasandevaluatingthembasedontheirqualityandrelevance,wecangenerateinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblemsthatbenefitsocietyasawhole.可知，這句是對(duì)上句內(nèi)容的解釋，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)推知，此處想表達(dá)的意思是“最終，頭腦風(fēng)暴的成功取決于團(tuán)隊(duì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)共同愿景(vision)而共同努力的能力”，故選H。visionn.視力:視野;遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)。40.C[解析]根據(jù)空格前的the和空格后的名詞可知，該空需要填入形容詞，再結(jié)合該空之后捷及的thatcausesoursocietyphysicalandmentaldisturbances,andcreateamorecollaborativeandcreativefuture可推知，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來(lái)需要克服一些相反的觀點(diǎn)，即此處句意為“頭腦風(fēng)暴是一種強(qiáng)大的工具，可以幫助我們克服造成我們社會(huì)的兩極(polar)現(xiàn)象，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更具協(xié)作性和創(chuàng)造性的未來(lái)”，故選C。polaradj.極地的:磁極的:完全相反的。2．【2022年7月上海英語(yǔ)高考真題】ApursuitsB.interestsC.comparableD.innovationE.scheduleF.optionsG.realizationHroutesI.subjectsJ.recipesK.motivatedCreativityIsaHumanQualityThatExistsinUSWhenyouthinkaboutcreativity,itmightbehighlycreativepeoplelikeMozart,daVinciorEinsteinwhospringtomind.Theywereallconsideredtobe"Geniuses”fortheirsomewhatuniquetalentsthatledtoglobal(31)______intheirfields.Theirtypeofcreativityiswhat'sknownas"BigCcreativity”(orhistorical)andisnotverycommonineverydaylife.Notallofuscancreateworksofartormusicorscientifictheoriesthatarenewtotheworld.Butwhilewecan’tallbeMozart,daVinciorEinstein,manypeopledoenjoycreativeactivitythroughhobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.Andthesetypesof(32)______areoftenwhatpeoplethinkofwhenaskedwhatbeingcreativelookslike.Ourfinishedpiecesmaynotbe(33)_______withthelikesofthegreatmasters,butoftentheprocessistherapeuticandtheendresultcanbeaestheticallypleasing.Ontopofhobbiesand(34)_______,weallpossesscreativeattributesthatcanhelpaswesolvelife'sproblemsandmakedecisions.Itisthistypeofcreativitythatenablesustoplandifferent(35)_________togettothesamedestination,orhowtofitinatriptothesupermarketwhenour(36)________looksfull.Itmightnotsoundverycreative,butthisaspectofcreativityreliesonourabilitytoconsider(37)________andassesstheirsuitability,aswellashowtomakedecisionsbasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally.Theseexamplesareknownas"SmallCcreativity”or“personaleverydaycreativity.WhileBigCcreativityisvaluedandcelebrated,ItisoftenSmallCcreativitythathasallowedhumanstoflourishoverthousandsofyears.itsetsusapartfromotheranimalsanditisalsothetypeofcreativitywhichcanbefosteredthroughoureducationsystemandbeyondintotheworkplace.Traditionally,researchtellsusthatcreativityhasbeenlargelyassociatedwiththearts.Ourpreviousresearchhasshownthatteachersareoftenabletogiveexamplesofcreativeactivityinarts(38)________,butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience.Butthereisagrowing(39)_______thatopportunitiestobecreativearefoundacrossabroaderrangeofsubjects.Forinstance,engineeringprovidesopportunitiestobecreativethroughproblemsolving.andhistorygivestheopportunitytothinkcreativelyaboutwhyeventshappened,andwhat(40)________thoseinvolved.【答案】31-40DACBHLFIGK31D【解析】此處的形容詞global(全球的)應(yīng)修飾名詞，結(jié)合前面提到的“當(dāng)你想到創(chuàng)造力時(shí)，你可能會(huì)想到像莫扎特、達(dá)芬奇或愛(ài)因斯坦這樣極具創(chuàng)造力的人。他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”，因?yàn)樗麄冇行┆?dú)特的才能”，這里講的是創(chuàng)造力，分析選項(xiàng)，只有“innovation"符合語(yǔ)境及邏輯。此處句意為“他們都被認(rèn)為是“天才”，因?yàn)樗麄冇行┆?dú)特的才能，導(dǎo)致了他們所在領(lǐng)域的全球創(chuàng)新(innovation)”,故選D。innovationn.創(chuàng)新。32A【解析】該空對(duì)應(yīng)的是前面提到的“hobbiessuchaswatercolourpaintingorplayingthepiano.”，分析選項(xiàng)可知“水彩畫或彈鋼琴”可以說(shuō)是“追求”，句意為:當(dāng)被間及創(chuàng)造力是什么樣子時(shí)，人們通常會(huì)想到這些類型的追求(pursuits)。故選A。pursuitsn.追求。33.C【解析】此處考查固定搭配becomparablewith(與...可比較的,比得上...的),此處旬意為“我們完成的作品可能無(wú)法與大師們的作品相提并論(comparable),但通常這個(gè)過(guò)程是有益的，最終的結(jié)果是令人賞心悅目的"，故選C。comparabledj，可比的，可比較的。34B【解析】該空與hobbies并列，且它們的意思應(yīng)該是相近的，分析選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)選“interests”。句意為“除了愛(ài)好和興趣(interests)，我們都擁有創(chuàng)造性的屬性，可以幫助我們解決生活中的問(wèn)題和做決定”，故選B。interestsn，興趣。35.H【解析】根據(jù)后面的"togettothesamedestination(到達(dá)同一個(gè)目的地)”可以反推出我們需要先計(jì)劃路線，此處句意為“正是這種創(chuàng)造力使我們能夠計(jì)劃不間的路線(routes)到達(dá)同一個(gè)目的地”，故選H。routesn路線:路途。36E【解析】分析透項(xiàng)可知“當(dāng)我們的時(shí)間表看起來(lái)很滿時(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境及邏輯，此處句意為"或者當(dāng)我們的時(shí)間表(schedule)看起來(lái)很滿時(shí)如何安排去超市的旅行”,放選E。schedule，計(jì)劃(表)，進(jìn)度表:時(shí)間表。37F【解析】分析選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)后面的"aswellashowtomakedecisionsbiasedonpersonalpriorexperienceorwhatwehavelearntformallyorinformally(以及如何根據(jù)個(gè)人之前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識(shí)做出決定)”可以推測(cè)出我們考慮的是“選擇”，句意為:這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能不是很有創(chuàng)意，但這方面的創(chuàng)造力依賴于我們考慮選擇(options)和評(píng)估其適用性的能力，以及如何根據(jù)個(gè)人之前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)或我們正式或非正式地學(xué)到的知識(shí)做出決定。故選F。optionsn.可選擇的事物:選擇，選擇權(quán)。38.1【解析】根據(jù)后面的“butfindithardertodosowhenaskedtodescribecreativityinsubjectssuchasscience"可知此處應(yīng)為“subjects”。句意為“我們之前的研究表明。教師通常能夠給出藝術(shù)科目(subjects)中創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)的例子，但當(dāng)被要求描述科學(xué)等科目中的創(chuàng)造性時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難做到這一點(diǎn)"，故選1。subjectsn學(xué)科:科目:主題。39.G【解析】分析選項(xiàng)，“創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在“屬于一種”認(rèn)識(shí)。意識(shí)"，此處句意為“但人們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到(realization)，創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)在更廣泛的學(xué)科中存在"，故選G。realizationn.認(rèn)識(shí)，領(lǐng)悟。40K【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此空是一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)選motivated。此處句意為“例如，工程學(xué)提供了通過(guò)解決問(wèn)題來(lái)發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)，而歷史則提供了機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)創(chuàng)造性地思考事件發(fā)生的原因，以及是什么激發(fā)了(motivated)參與者”，故選K。motivatedv.成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)，是……的原因;激勵(lì)，激發(fā)。

【題型解讀】上海高考英語(yǔ)中的十一選十是考查詞匯掌握及應(yīng)用的一種題型。它主要有以下特點(diǎn)：1.文章不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，多數(shù)在500詞以內(nèi)；2.第一句是主題句且不設(shè)空；3.每隔15-30詞有一個(gè)空，共10空；4.方框中詞匯有一定難度，文章略低于閱讀理解難度?！具x詞填空的考點(diǎn)】1.詞匯方面，以實(shí)詞為主，考查名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞四種詞性；2.語(yǔ)法方面，考查詞性之間的關(guān)系和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力；3.邏輯方面，考查上下文聯(lián)系以及對(duì)文章的理解?！静襟E詳解】第一步：整理選項(xiàng)（classifytheoptions）根據(jù)詞性把每個(gè)單詞分類歸納，標(biāo)出詞性。考察的四類詞性中，名詞多做主賓；動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，形容詞做定表，副詞做狀語(yǔ)。副詞個(gè)數(shù)最少，不會(huì)超過(guò)兩個(gè)，其他詞性平均出現(xiàn)三次，有兩個(gè)的，也有四個(gè)的。標(biāo)注詞性時(shí)要注意：1.不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞不要慌張，分析前后綴，或舉例替換（oversee聯(lián)想overuse）；值得一提的是，模考或真題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)考綱之外的“生詞”，這些詞很眼熟，因?yàn)樗抢昧藰?gòu)詞法（多為前后綴派生法）知識(shí)衍生出來(lái)的，構(gòu)詞法我們學(xué)過(guò)，多分析詞性不難判斷其含義。2.注意多重詞性的詞，比如feature、concern、experience等。3.動(dòng)詞的歸類要繼續(xù)細(xì)分為動(dòng)詞（包括過(guò)去式和三單一形式）、分詞和動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)空處，如果可以填動(dòng)詞，但是填具體哪種形式則需要我們根據(jù)語(yǔ)法去進(jìn)一步判斷；這里尤為值得注意的是：v-ed和v-ing極有可能是分詞轉(zhuǎn)換成的形容詞，對(duì)于這類臥底詞，千萬(wàn)留意。比如acquire這個(gè)詞在academicskillsheacquired和newlyacquiredskills中，前后截然不同。這時(shí)就要把它一律看成動(dòng)詞（包括上述的三小類），再根據(jù)是否缺失形容詞去斷定選項(xiàng)。4.如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一組近義詞或反義詞，要結(jié)合上下文先試填，細(xì)細(xì)揣摩文意再敲定答案。因?yàn)檫@里面有一個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng)，它注重考查的是詞匯的精確理解，要求考生分析清楚其細(xì)微的區(qū)別。第二步：通讀全文，選詞填空用較快速度，沉著冷靜地逐詞逐句去讀，一遍下來(lái)至少理解90%的內(nèi)容。選詞填空的選項(xiàng)詞義互不關(guān)聯(lián)，詞性也不同，而且還有干擾項(xiàng)，所以一定要先了解文章大意，帶著文章脈絡(luò)去找選項(xiàng)。讀的時(shí)候設(shè)空處前后的詞重點(diǎn)留意，這對(duì)確定動(dòng)詞的具體形式，或根據(jù)相關(guān)詞找固定搭配極為重要。提醒：通讀就是根據(jù)首段原則以及首末句原則，迅速抓住文章的主題。判斷主題對(duì)篇章的整體理解把握具有極大的作用。如何判定原文空缺處所需單詞的詞性？1.動(dòng)詞的確定：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句有且只有一處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)完整的句子出現(xiàn)之后再跟逗號(hào)，后面的動(dòng)詞一般就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式了。判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以從謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行區(qū)分；如果是謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合主謂一、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、固定搭配及詞義去辨析，縮小范圍。a.前后都是名詞性或名詞短語(yǔ)，中間一般是動(dòng)詞,時(shí)態(tài)確定看前后文；b.空格前是名詞或代詞，后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，填不及物動(dòng)詞（定從中除外）；c.空格前是名詞或代詞，后面是副詞或介詞，空格處填不及物動(dòng)詞并與后面的介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配；d.注意不定時(shí)符號(hào)to后跟動(dòng)詞原形，介詞to后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞；e.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)詞原形；f.空格前面是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞（可以是形容詞化的分詞）。

2.名詞的確定：名詞主要做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也做定語(yǔ)；a.形容詞后或名詞后可以出現(xiàn)名詞；b.限定詞之后（尤其是三類前位限定詞：冠詞、指示代詞、形物代，其后必有名詞）；c.謂語(yǔ)之前必有名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的主語(yǔ)（祈使句除外）；d.介詞之后必有名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞；

3.形容詞的確定：形容詞，這里也可以包括形容詞化的分詞，通常作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，位置比較靈活，具體如下：a.名詞的前面或后面；b.副詞的前后；c.系動(dòng)詞后面。4.副詞的確定：a.動(dòng)詞的附近；b.形容詞附近；c.句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分時(shí)。1.根據(jù)固定搭配或語(yǔ)感，積極主動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失信息然后正確進(jìn)行匹配固定搭配：在選詞填空中，既有固定搭配包括動(dòng)介，形介，動(dòng)副等，也包括很常見(jiàn)的約定俗成的搭配，比如漢語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)“學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)”，在英語(yǔ)中不說(shuō)“l(fā)earnknowledge”,而是“acquireknowledge”,還比如，交通擁擠常表述成“heavytraffic”。這些文化差異很多，需要認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)；對(duì)于空后是介詞的，一般往固定搭配上考慮。所謂語(yǔ)感，就是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的感覺(jué)，它是在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和閱讀中形成的一種潛移默化的語(yǔ)言能力，有時(shí)無(wú)法解釋，卻冥冥之中認(rèn)為這就是正確答案。語(yǔ)感的培養(yǎng)需要大量的源信息輸入，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)多閱讀，就是為了培養(yǎng)好的語(yǔ)感。2.理清復(fù)雜句或上下文的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行解題對(duì)復(fù)雜句的分析能夠幫助我們對(duì)句子更好的把握。復(fù)雜句好比是一顆枝繁葉茂的大樹(shù)，復(fù)雜句的分析，主要是“砍成分”，把細(xì)枝末葉的修飾成分（主要是定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)或各類從句）統(tǒng)統(tǒng)砍掉，留下主干，句子結(jié)構(gòu)一目了然，然后再把砍掉的成分一一長(zhǎng)回去，心中就有數(shù)了。這時(shí)，就會(huì)清楚地確定空格處所填詞性。上下文邏輯關(guān)系也會(huì)對(duì)答案產(chǎn)生影響，既要注意形式上的邏輯關(guān)系，又要究明意義上的因果關(guān)系。形式上的邏輯關(guān)系就是常說(shuō)的因果、讓步、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折等；而意義上的邏輯關(guān)系就是以語(yǔ)篇表達(dá)的意思為線索，前后文中，意義上存在哪些關(guān)系。比如說(shuō)，描述一個(gè)人的心情變化，心情好時(shí)，用的是積極詞匯，反之亦然；當(dāng)然，形式和意義之間存在緊密聯(lián)系，不能割裂開(kāi)來(lái)。第三步：復(fù)讀全文，謹(jǐn)慎調(diào)整，確定答案填空完成后，再次復(fù)讀，自我感覺(jué)上下文是否通順，邏輯關(guān)系是否連貫。【2024·寶山區(qū)·二模】A.processB.impactingC.appearanceD.linkedE.assessmentF.costlyG.crucialH.highlyI.legalJ.pauseK.marketed【答案】31.D32.I33.K34.A35.H36.B37.E38.J39.C40.G【2024·崇明區(qū)·二?！緼.activateB.amountedC.comparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identifyG.imageH.influencedI.respectsJ.reviewK.substantialExerciseCanHelpPreventDepression,StudyFindsHowoftendoyouexercise?Anew31fromresearchersattheUniversityofCambridgeshowsthatthosewhoexercisearelesslikelytodevelopdepression,eveniftheyexerciselessthantherecommendedamount.TheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesrecommendsthatadultsengagein2.5to5hoursofmoderateactivityperweekoronehourand15minutesto2.5hoursof32aerobic(有氧的)exerciseperweekorsomecombinationofthetwo.Adultswhotookawalkforwhat33to2.5hoursperweekwerelesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhodidn’texerciseatall,thestudyfound.Buteventhosewhoexercisedlessfeltbetterthanthosewhodidn’texerciseatall,accordingtoresearchers.“Inthisstudy,arelativelysmallamountofphysicalactivitywereassociatedwitha(n)34decreaseinrisksofdepression,”thestudysays.Theresearchersanalyzed15studieswithnearly200,000participants.Thosewhodidabouthalftherecommendedamountofphysicalactivityperweekhadan18%lowerriskofdepression35withadultswhodidnotexercise,thestudysays.Participantswhoexercisedtherecommendedamounthada25%lowerriskofdepressionthanthosewhodidnot.Exercisingmorethantherecommendedamounthardly36depressionrisk,accordingtoresearchers.Many37ofexercisecanleadtoimprovedmentalhealth.Forexample,workingoutcanincreasecirculation(血液循環(huán))tothebrainand38thecentralnervoussystem,leadingtowhatmanyrefertoasa“runnershigh,”thestudysays.Moreexercisecanalsoleadtoimprovedphysicalhealthandabetterbody39,whichcancauseapersontobemoresocial,researcherssay.Nearly5%ofadultsintheU.S.reportregularfeelingsofdepression,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Amongthestudyparticipants,researchersestimatethat1inevery9casesofdepressionmighthavebeenpreventedhadeveryonemetrecommendedexercise40,thestudysays.【答案】31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G 40.E【2024·虹口區(qū)·二模】ScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(線蟲(chóng)).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then31thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost32animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,33,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow34thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This35differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof36compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand37analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures38theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe39towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery40approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”【答案】31.B32.C33.E34.G35.H36.K37.J38.D39.F40.I【2024·金山區(qū)·二?！緼.actuallyB.amazedC.breathtakingD.criticsE.graduallyF.prizeG.reflectionH.releaseI.solidJ.standardizeK.switchedWillAIallowhumanstoplayapart?Rebeccausedtohavearegularjob,translatingafashionbrand’swebsiteintoGerman.Onedayabigchangehappened.Thecompany(31)______tousingmachinetranslation.Shekeptthejob,anditstillpaidthebills;however,shewasnowtheretocheckand(32)______whateverwasproducedbythecomputer.Buttherewasacomplaint.“Whatitmeant,(33)______,wasthatwehumansweretrainingamachine,”shesays.Eachcorrectedcaptionforamid-pricedT-shirt,eachpairofskinnyjeans,wasadatapointfortherobotthatwasgoingtoreplaceher.Withthe(34)______ofchatprogramsthatcanimitatehumans,theworldisnowbeginningtoconsiderwhatthecomingofartificialintelligencemeans.Whatwillitdoforourjobsifmanyonce(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?Whatdoesitmeantobeahumanwhenthethingthathumansmost(36)______—intelligence—hasbecomethecheapestproductontheplanet?Translators,forgoodandill,don’thavetowonder.“Youcantaketheworldoftranslatorsandinterpretersasa(37)______oftheworld,”saysNickiBone,chairwomanoftheboardoftheInstituteofTranslatingandInterpreting.Notallofthemareadjusting.“Ofcourse,wehaveour(38)______,”butsheadds,“Therearealsoopportunities,andoptimists.”Thespeedofchange,though,hasbeen(39)______.Increasingly,saysBone,sheandhercolleaguesareactingaseditorsofamachine’sfirstpass,ratherthantranslatorsoftherawmaterial.Forsome,that’sfine.“Peoplewillsay,‘OK,insteadofworkingatonerateforthisnumberofwordsperhour,I’mworkingatmanymorewordsperhour,butforamuchlowerrate.’Somearehappytotakeon.Somewon’t,asamatterofprinciple.”Asweare(40)______atChatGPTanditsgreatabilitytoimitatehumanwriting,translatorsare,comparedwiththerestoftheprofessions,sensitive.Anyway,thistechnologyisheretostay.【答案】31~40KJAHIFGDCB【2024·閔行區(qū)·二?！縞ontrastinstructedconcentratingpotentialE.touchingplayedbetterspecializedspotfollowtracingUnfamiliarMusicMayHelpPeopleChatatPartiesIfyouwantyourgueststobeparticularlysociableatanupcomingparty,makesureyouplaymusictheyprobablyhaven’theardbefore.Toexplorehowbackgroundmusicaffectsthewaywe31conversations,researchersJaneBrownandGavinBidelmanconductedastudyanalyzingthebrainactivityof31individualsaged21and33.Duringtheexperiment,participantslistenedto72minutesofanaudiobook(有聲讀物),whichthepairusedasareplacementfor32onsomeonetalking,whilebackgroundmusicwasaccompaniedbytheaudiobookformostofthetime.Forhalfoftheexperiment,theparticipantswereaskedtofocuson2-minutepartsofanunfamiliaraudiobookreadbyaman.Therestofthetime,theyweretoldtofocusonfourbackgroundsongs,whichweresimilarly33for2minutesatatime.This34invoicesaimedtoassessparticipants’abilitytoshiftattentionbetweentwodistinctlydifferentvoices.Duringtheexperiment,alltheparticipantswore35capstomonitortheelectricalactivitytakingplaceintheirbrains.This36ofelectricalactivitywasthekey.ItallowedBrownandBidelmantodiscoverhowefficientlytheseindividualscouldfocusoneithertheaudiobookorthemusicwhen37todoso.Thefindingrevealedthattheparticipantscould38turntheirattentiontotheaudiobookifthebackgroundmusicwasunfamiliartothem.Followingthetask,theparticipantscompletedamusicperceptionsurveyevaluatingtheirmusicalskills,suchasthecapacityto39whetherapairofsimilar-soundingtunesarethesame.Notably,thosewithlowermusicalscoresdemonstratedslowerattentionalshiftsbetweensongsandaudiobooks,suggestinga(n)40linkbetweenmusicalabilityandattentionmanagementskills.【答案】31.J32.C33.F34.A35.H36.K 37.B38.G39.I40.D 【2024·浦東新區(qū)·二?！緼.backfireB.compensateC.extendD.impressiveE.meaningfulF.measureG.needle H.overallI.perceive J.punishmentK.typicallyWhyYouShouldn’tExercisetoLoseWeightManyofusarelacingupoursneakersandstarting(orrestarting)exerciseregimens(練身計(jì)劃)inhopesofsheddingunwantedpounds.Unquestionably,aimingtobemoreactiveisgood.Butifthemainreasonistoloseweight,yourNewYear’sresolutioncouldverywell__31__.Forstarters,exercise—atleastthekindmostofusdo—is__32__ineffectiveforweightloss.Takewalking,forexample.A150-poundpersonwhowalksbrisklyfor30minuteswillburn,onaverage,around140calories.That’sequaltoonecanofsoda—notexactlyagreatreturnonyourinvestmentoftimeandeffort.It’smucheasierjusttoskipthesoda.Studies__33__showthatdoingmoderate-intensityaerobicexercisesuchaswalkingfor30minutesaday,fivedaysaweek—theamountrecommendedforgoodhealth—typicallyproduceslittleornoweightlossbyitself.Whenmoderateexerciseisaddedtodiet,theresultsareequallynot__34__.Poolingdatafromsixtrials,researchersfoundthatacombinationofdietandexercisegeneratednogreaterweightlossthandietaloneaftersixmonths.Instudieswhereexercisehasproduced__35__weightloss,participantsburnedatleast400to500caloriespersessiononfiveormoredaysaweek.Toachievethat,sessionsneedtogowellbeyondwhatmostofusarewillingorabletodo.Andevenifwemanagetoexertthatmucheffort,ourbodiesoften__36__byboostingappetiteanddialingdownmetabolism,effectsthatovertimelimithowmanypoundsweshed.Perhapsthebiggestproblemwithexercisingtodroppoundsisthatitturnsphysicalactivityinto__37__.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay(orsaidyourself)“I’llneedtodoextraexercise”aftereatingtoomuchduringtheholidaysoratacelebratorydinner?Thepointisthatwe’remorelikelyto__38__exercisepositivelyandactuallydoitwhenwefocusonourwell-beingratherthanourweight.Theincentivemaybeanimprovedmoodorlessstress.Othersmayfindthatexercisemakesthemfeelphysicallyandmentallystronger.Ofcourse,thebenefitsofphysicalactivity__39__wellbeyondthese.It’sbeenshowntoreducetheriskofmultiplediseases.Itcanalsoimprovesleepandboostenergy.Byallmeans,strivingtoexerciseregularlyinthenewyearisperhapsthemostimportantthingyoucandoforyourhealth.Buttoimprovetheoddsofsuccess,focusonhowmovementhelpsyoufeelbetterphysicallyandemotionally—andforgetabouthowitmovesthe__40__onthescale.【答案】31-35AKHDE36-40BJICG【2024·普陀區(qū)·二?！緼.empowersB.termedC.interactionD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingANewEraofCreativePartnershipsInanewpaperina

NatureHumanBehavior

specialissueonAI,

researcherJanetRafnerfromAarhusInstituteofAdvancedStudiesandCenterforHybridIntelligenceatAarhusUniversityandProf.JacobSherson,directoroftheCenterforHybridIntelligence,togetherwithinternationalpartners,discussresearchandsocietal(31)______ofcreativityandAI.Theteamofresearchersarguethatweshoulddirectourattentiontounderstandinganddevelopingco-creativity,theinteractionbetweenhumansandmachinestowardswhatis(32)______ahuman-centeredAIandhybridintelligence.Inthiswaywewillbeabletodevelopinterfaces(界面)thatatthesametimeensurebothhighdegreesofautomatizationthroughAI

and

humancontrolandherebysupportingarelationshipthatbest(33)______eachother.Rafnercomments:Todate,moststudiesonhuman-AIco-creativitycomefromthefieldofhuman-computer(34)______andfocusontheabilitiesoftheAI,andtheinteractiondesignanddynamics.Whilethese(35)______arekeyforunderstandingthedynamicsbetweenhumansandalgorithms(算法)andhumanattitudestowardstheco-creativeprocessandproduct,thereisanurgentneedtoenrichtheseapplicationswiththeinsightsaboutcreativity(36)______overthepastdecadesinthepsychologicalsciences.“Rightnow,weneedtomovetheconversationawayfromquestionslikeCanAIbecreative?Onereasonforthisisthat(37)______creativityisnotsetinstone.Wheninvestigatinghumanonly,machineonly,andhuman-AIco-creativity,weneedtoconsiderthetypeandlevelofcreativityunder(38)______,fromeverydaycreat