中歐關系市場調研和分析報告（英文版）-2024年1月上傳培訓課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYTheEU-ChinaRelationshipCHAPTER

01EUTradeBalancewithChinaTradebalanceoftheEuropeanUnionwithChinafrom2012to2022(inbillioneuros)TradebalanceoftheEuropeanUnionwithChina2012-2022ImportExportBalance800600400626473.8223.5385.1202.8363.5198.5342.6322.8295.9145.6298.9153.4250.1132.2256.5145.1238.9134.7230.3187.9178.82000-104.2-111.4-117.9-150.4-145.5-144-154.7-165-182.3-250.3-200-400-600-365.7202220122013201420152016201720182019202020214Description:ThegraphshowstheEuropeanUnion'stradebalancewithChinafrom2012to2022.In2022,theEuropeanUnionexportedgoodsworthapproximately230billioneurostoChina,aroundsevenbillioneurosmorethaninthepreviousyear.Thatyear,theEUrecordedatradedeficitofmorethan365billioneuroswithChina.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2012to2022Source(s):EurostatEUtradebalancewithChinain2022,byproductcategory(inbillioneuros)EUtradebalancewithChina2022,byproductcategoryTradeinbillioneurosBalance-200Export-100Import-3000100200300400-214.35Machineryandtransportequipment120.1334.45-77.74Othermanufactures24.23101.97-28.52Chemicals37.9266.44-37.21-28.76-12.18Othersemi-manufactures9.343.3946.5532.15ClothingTextilesAgriculturalproducts(foods(incl.fish),rawmaterials)Fuels,miningproducts1.3313.519.5120.9611.45-2.427.6110.03-5Iron,steel2.417.41-0.29Otherproducts0.30.595Description:In2022,theEuropeanUnionexportedaround120billioneurosworthofmachineryandtransportequipmenttoChinaandimportedabout334billioneurosworthofsimilarproductsfromChina.EUalsoexported1.33billioneurosworthoftextileproductstoChinaandimportedabout13.5billioneurosworthofsimilarproductsfromChina.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatAnnualshareofexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontonon-EUcountriesbytradingpartnerfrom2002to2021ShareofEUexportsbytradingpartner2002-2021RestofworldUnitedStatesUnitedKingdom**China*SwitzerlandRussiaTürkiyeJapanNorwaySouthKoreaIndia100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2002

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20216Description:TheexporttradeoftheEuropeanUnionexperiencedsomenotableshiftsoverthetwodecadessince2002,withChinaemergingasasignificantexportmarketandtheUnitedKingdomlosingitsplaceastheEU'ssinglelargestexportpartner.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2021;*ChinaexcludingHongKong.

**UnitedKingdomwasamemberoftheEuropeanUnionuntil2020.Inthisseriesithasbeenretroactivelytreatedasifitwereanon-EUmemberstateinallyearspreceding2020.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatAnnualshareofEUgoodsimportsfromnon-EUcountriesbytradepartnerfrom2002to2021InternationalTradeoftheEU:largestgoodsimportpartnersbytradeshare2002-2021RestofWorldChina*UnitedStatesRussiaUnitedKingdom**SwitzerlandTürkiyeNorwayJapanSouthKoreaIndia100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2002

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20217Description:TheEuropeanUnionhasexperiencedashiftinitsbiggesttradepartnerssincetheearly2000s.Overthepasttwodecades,theshareofEUimportsflowingfromChinahasalmosttripled,fromaround8percentin2002toover22percentin2021,makingChinatheEU'slargestimportpartner.Atthesametime,theproportionoftotalimportscomingfromtheUnitedKingdom,whichwastheEU'ssinglelargestimportpartnerin2002,havemorethanhalved,from18percentto7percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2021;*ChinaexcludingHongKong.**UnitedKingdomwasamemberoftheEuropeanUnionuntil2020,butisincludedasextra-EUforallyearsinthisseries.ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatCHAPTER

02EUExportstoChinaTotalvalueofannualgoodsexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontoChinafrom2002to2022(inmillionsofEuros)EU-ChinaRelations:totalannualgoodsexportsfromEUtoChina2002-2022250,000200,000150,000230,426.2223,459.6202,791.9198,485.6187,937.1178,775.4153,416.4145,103.1845,561134,734.2132,247.1126,570105,133100,00050,000076,82772,359.666,477.558,984.247,76344,899.538,690.832,737.92002

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20229Description:Between2002and2022,exportsfrommemberstatesoftheEuropeanUniontoChinaincreasedmorethanseven-fold,withthetotalvalueofexportsin2022totalling230billionEuros.ChinaparticularlyhasemergedasanimportantexportmarketfortheEUinthe2010s,asthephenomenalgrowthoftheChinesemiddleclasshasmeantthattheEastAsiancountryisnolongerjustasourceofcheapmanufacturingimports,butalsoakeyconsumermarketforEuropeangoods.Chinaisnow[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;2002to2022Source(s):EurostatDistributionofEUexportstoChinafrom2017to2022,byproductclassDistributionofEUexportstoChina2017-2022,byproductclassManufacturesPrimaryproducts0.3%Otherproducts100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%0.8%0.2%15%0.3%0.1%12.4%2.6%13.6%13.9%15.3%14.1%86.3%202285.1%201984.6%202183%82.3%201883.5%2020201710Description:In2022,around86.3percentofthetotalexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontoChinawereinthecategorymanufactures.Inthesameyear,around12.4percentofexportswereprimaryproducts.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2017to2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatValueofEuropeanUnionexportstoChinain2022,bycommoditycategory(inbillioneuros)EUexportstoChina2022,bycommodityExportsinbillioneuros400206080100120120.1140MachineryandtransportequipmentChemicalsandrelatedproductsn.e.s.MiscellaneousmanufacturedarticlesManufacturedgoodsclassifiedchieflybymaterialFoodandliveanimals37.9227.6215.9111.8310.53Crudematerials,inedible,exceptfuelsOther2.712.26BeveragesandtobaccoMineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterials0.93Animalandvegetableoils,fats,waxes

0.31Commoditiesandtransactionsn.c.e.

0.2911Description:In2022,theEUmachineryandtransportequipmentexportstoChinaamountedtoabout120.1billioneuros,makingitthemostexportedcommodityfromtheEUtoChina.Inthesameyear,the27EUcountriesexportedapproximately11.8billioneuro-worthoffoodandliveanimalstoChina.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatDistributionofEuropeanUnionexportstoChinain2022,bycommoditycategoryDistributionofEUexportstoChina2022,bycommodityShareofexportvalue20%0%MachineryandtransportequipmentChemicalsandrelatedproductsn.e.s.MiscellaneousmanufacturedarticlesManufacturedgoodsclassifiedchieflybymaterialFoodandliveanimals10%30%40%50%60%52.2%16.5%12%6.9%5.1%4.6%Crudematerials,inedible,exceptfuelsBeveragesandtobaccoMineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsCommoditiesandtransactionsn.c.e.1%0.4%0.1%0.1%Animalandvegetableoils,fats,waxes12Description:In2022,machieneryandtransportequipmentaccountedformorethan52percentofthetotalexportsfromEUtoChina.Incomparison,foodandliveanimalsaccountedfor5.1percentoftotalEUexportstoChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatEUexportvalueofprimaryproductsandmanufacturestoChinain2022(inbillioneuros)EUexportsofprimaryproductsandmanufacturestoChina2022Exportsinbillioneuros500100150200250TotalManufactures230.31198.73MachineryandtransportequipmentOthermachinery120.155.9345.29TransportequipmentChemicals37.92PrimaryproductsOthermanufacturesAgriculturalproducts(food(incl.fish),rawmaterials)28.5724.2320.9618.57OfficeandtelecommunicationequipmentOthersemi-manufacturesFuelsandminingproductsClothing9.347.613.3913Description:In2022,theEuropeanUnionexportedmanufactureswortharound199billioneurostoChina.TheEUinthesameyearexported120billioneurosworthofmachineryandtransportequipmenttoChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatValueofcarexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontoChinafrom2017to2022(inmillioneuros)PassengercarexportvaluefromtheEUtoChina2017-202230,00025,00024,25621,07120,00015,00010,0005,000018,63218,33818,17817,52620172018201920202021202214Description:Thethird-largestmarketforEuropeancars,China,tookinpassengercarsexportedfromtheEUtothevalueofover24billioneurosfromJanuarytoDecember2022.Thisfigurerepresentsatradevalueincreaseofnearly15.1percentcomparedtothesameperiodthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2017to2022Source(s):ACEA;EurostatImportvalueofagriculturalproductsfromEuropeinChinafrom2012to2022,byleadingcountryoforigin(inmillionU.S.dollars)ChineseagriculturalimportsfromEurope2012-2022,bymajorcountryBelgiumDenmarkUnitedKingdomGermanyFranceIrelandItalyNetherlandsSpainNorwayRussiaUkraine40,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00002012201320142015201620172018201920202021202215Description:In2022,Chinaimportedapproximately31.44billionU.S.dollarsworthofagriculturalproductsfromEuropeancountries.ImportsfromFranceamountedtoaround5.5billionU.S.dollarsthatyear.ChineseagriculturalimportsfromEuropedecreasedin2022forthefirsttimeinmorethanadecade.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,China;2012to2022Source(s):MOFCOMChinaCHAPTER

03ChineseExportstotheEUTotalannualgoodsexportsfromChinatotheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2022(inmillionsofEuros)EU-ChinaRelations:totalgoodsexportsfromChinatotheEU2002-2022700,000600,000500,000400,000626,615473,846.9385,132.2363,467.4342,641.1322,754.7295,9142.968,932.8300,000255,959256,518.8250,140245,447.3184,797.4238,932.2216,472200,699.6200,000167,109.8136,381108,66389,298.5100,000

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202217Description:ThevalueofChineseexportstotheEuropeanhaveincreasedalmostnine-foldinthetwentyyearsfrom2002to2022.In2022,thetotalvalueofimportsofgoodsfromChinaintheEUwas626billionEuros,anincreaseofover150billionEurosincomparisonto2021.ChinahasbeenthelargestexternalexporterofgoodstotheEUsince2005,whenitovertooktheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;2002to2022Source(s):EurostatShareofextra-EUgoodsimportsintotheEUcomingfromChinafrom2002to2022EU-ChinaRelations:Chineseshareoftotalextra-EUgoodsimports2002-202225%20%15%22.4%22.3%20.9%10%18.7%18.7%18%18.2%17.9%16.7%15.8%15.5%15.4%14.7%14.7%14.1%13.9%12.4%11.6%5%0%10.6%9.5%7.8%2002

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202218Description:TheshareoftotalimportscomingfromoutsideoftheEuropeanUnionwhichcamefromchinaalmosttripledinthetwodecadesfrom2002to2022.Chinahadbeenemergingasakeyexporterduringthe1990s,whenitwaslabelledthe'workshopoftheworld'forproducingmanufacturingandconsumergoodsatafractionofthecostthattheywereproducedinotherregions.Asthe2000sprogressed,China'sshareofimportsintotheEUsoaredfrom7.8%in2002toalmost17%in2010,after[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;2002to2022Source(s):EurostatValueofEuropeanUnionimportsfromChinain2022,bycommoditycategory(inbillioneuros)ValueofEUimportsfromChina2022,bycommodityImportsinbillioneuros050100150200250300350400MachineryandtransportequipmentMiscellaneousmanufacturedarticles334.45134.24ManufacturedgoodsclassifiedchieflybymaterialChemicalsandrelatedproductsn.e.s.72.8866.44FoodandliveanimalsCrudematerials,inedible,exceptfuels6.344.493.47Mineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsOther

1.73Animalandvegetableoils,fats,waxes

1.58Commoditiesandtransactionsn.c.e.

0.48Beveragesandtobacco

0.1919Description:In2022,theEuropeanUnionimportednearly334.5billioneurosworthofmachineryandtransportequipmentfromChina.Thiscommoditycategoryaccountedforalmost53percentofallEUimportsfromChinathatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2022Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatDistributionofEuropeanUnionimportsfromChinain2021,bycommoditycategoryDistributionofEUimportsfromChina2021,bycommodityShareofimportvalue20%0%Machineryandtransportequipment10%30%40%50%60%55.8%Miscellaneousmanufacturedarticles23%ManufacturedgoodsclassifiedchieflybymaterialChemicalsandrelatedproductsn.e.s.11.6%7.3%Foodandliveanimals1%Crudematerials,inedible,exceptfuels0.6%Mineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterials

0.2%Animalandvegetableoils,fats,waxes

0.2%Commoditiesandtransactionsn.c.e.

0.1%20Description:In2021,thelargestcategoryofgoodsimportedtotheEuropeanUnionfromChinawasmachineryandtransportequipment,accountingfor55.8percentofallimportsfromChina.Miscellaneousmanufacturedarticlestookupanother23percentofimportvaluethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;2021Source(s):EuropeanCommission;EurostatCHAPTER

04InvestmentbetweentheEUandChinaAnnualflowofforeigndirectinvestmentsfromChinatoEuropefrom2012to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)AnnualFDIflowsfromChinatoEurope2012-2022201816141218.4612.6910.8410.8710.6910.5210.341087.047.126.595.9564202012201320142015201620172018201920202021202222Description:ThisstatisticshowsthecashflowofChineseforeigndirectinvestments(FDI)toEuropefrom2012to2022.In2022,about10.34billionU.S.dollarsweredirectedfromChinatoEuropeancountries,adecreasefromaround10.87billionU.S.dollarsinthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,China;2012to2022Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeVolumeofoutwardFDIflowsfromChinatotheEuropeanUnionin2022,bysector(inmillionU.S.dollars)OutwardFDIflowsfromChinatotheEU2022,bysectorOutwardFDIflowsinmillionU.S.dollars-1,000Total01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0006,900.58ManufacturingFinancialservices3,864.411,974.86Wholesaleandretailtrade646.57634.31561.15ScientificresearchandtechnicalservicesProductionandsupplyofelectricity,hear,gasandwaterResidentservices,repairsandotherservicesTransportation,storageandpostalservicesLeasingandbusinessservices397.94224.14180.3761.8349.951.01ConstructionAgriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfisheryCulture,sportsandentertainmentRealestate-0.0123/statistics/730154/china-outward-fdi-flow-to-the-eu-by-sectorThisstatisticshowstheoutwardforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)flowfromChinatotheEuropeanUnionin2022,bysector.Thatyear,China'soutwardFDIflowtothemanufacturingindustryintheEUreachedamountedtoaround3.9billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;2022Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeChina'soutwardFDIflowstotheEuropeanUnionin2021,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)China'soutwardFDIflowstotheEU2021,bycountryOutwardFDIflowsinmillionU.S.dollars1,000

1,50005002,0002,5003,000GermanyNetherlandsLuxembourgSwedenIreland2,711.131,703.931,499.321,280.77225.58195.39111.679.17AustriaBelgiumSpainFinlandHungaryCyprus65.1853.5332.28Poland29.41Denmark15.7824Description:ThisstatisticshowsChina'soutwardforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)flowstotheEuropeanUnionin2021,bycountry.Thatyear,theoutwardflowofFDIfromChinatoGermanyreachedabout2.71billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,China,EU;2021Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeChina'soutwardFDIstockintheEuropeanUnionasof2021,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)China'soutwardFDIstockintheEU2021,bycountryOutwardFDIstockinmillionU.S.dollars10,000

15,00005,00020,00025,00030,000NetherlandsLuxembourgSweden28,487.5118,130.6817,032.0416,697.49GermanyFrance4,863.9Italy3,413.16IrelandSpainAustria1,745.771,136.52720.06Poland535.76526.82488.2CzechRepublicBelgiumFinland452.9625Description:ThisstatisticshowsChina'soutwardforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)stockintheEuropeanUnionasof2021,bycountry.Bytheendof2021,China'soutwardFDIstockinGermanyreachedalmost16.7billionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,China,EU;2021Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeMajorsectorsforChina'soutwardFDIstockinEuropeasof2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)China'soutwardFDIstockinEurope2022,bysectorOutwardFDIstockinbillionU.S.dollars40

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80020100120140160TotalManufacturing141.0747.91FinancialservicesMining21.8221.01LeasingandbusinessservicesRealestate13.787.4826Description:ThisstatisticshowstheleadingindustriesforChina'soutwardforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)stockinEuropeasof2022.Bytheendofthatyear,China'soutwardFDIstockintheminingindustryinEuropereachedaround21billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,Europe,China;2022Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeDistributionofactuallyusedforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)fromtheEuropeanUnioninmainlandChinain2021,byleadingindustryBreakdownofusedFDIfromtheEUinChina2021,byleadingindustryShareintotalFDIinflows0%10%20%30%40%50%60%ManufacturingLeasingandbusinessservicesScientificresearchandtechnologicalservicesWholesaleandretail54.5%14.4%8.9%8.7%Mining5.4%27/statistics/1288633/china-annual-foreign-direct-investment-from-european-union-by-industryIn2021,thetotalvalueofforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)fromtheEuropeanUnionactuallyusedinmainlandChinaamountedtoapproximately5.1billionU.S.dollars.Around54.5percentofthattotalvaluehavebeeninvestedinthemanufacturingsector.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;2021Source(s):MOFCOMChinaActuallyutilizedforeigndirectinvestments(FDI)fromEuropeinmainlandChinabetween2011and2021(inbillionU.S.dollars)ActuallyusedFDIfromEuropeinmainlandChina2011-20211211.191089.438.848.077.477.126.896.96.696.295.8864202011201220132014201520162017201820192020202128Description:In2021,theannualvalueofactuallyusedforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)fromEuropeancountriesinmainlandChina(notincludinginvestmentsinHongKong)amountedtoapproximately7.12billionU.S.dollars.TheamountofusedEuropeanFDIinChinapeakedin2018at11.19billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,Europe,China;2011to2021Source(s):MOFCOMChina;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;StateAdministrationofForeignExchangeCHAPTER

05EU-ChinaPublicOpinionPublicopinioninthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonwhethertheyfindEuropeancountriesfavorableorunfavorablein2021EU-ChinaRelations:ChinesepublicopiniononEuropeancountries2021Veryfavorable9%SomewhatfavorableDon'tknow8%Somewhatunfavorable6%Veryunfavorable6%100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%6%5%9%7%13%19%16%18%22%20%14%21%22%11%24%21%14%8%33%7%14%45%13%9%52%44%46%48%49%47%43%36%17%13%14%14%13%Italy12%13%11%11%UnitedKingdom*DenmarkSwedenNetherlandsBelgiumSpainFranceGermany30Description:TherelationshipbetweenChina,theEU,andotherEuropeancountrieshasdeterioratedsomewhatinrecentyearsasthegeopoliticalrivalrybetweenthePeople'sRepublicofChinaandtheUnitedStates(akeyallyofmostEuropeancountries)hasintensified.Nevertheless,whenaskedabouttheiropiniononvariousEuropeancountriesin2021,ChinesecitizensonlyhadamorenegativethanpositiveviewononeEuropeancountry,theUnitedKingdom.Forallothercountrieswhichthe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China;October2020toJanuary2021;2083respondents;18yearsandolder;*TheUnitedKingdomistheonlycountryinthisserieswhichisnotanEUmember.TheUKlefttheEUin2020.

ReadmoreSource(s):StanfordUniversityShareofrespondentsindicatingnegativeperceptionsofChinainEuropeancountriesandofEuropeancountriesinChinain2021EU-ChinaRelations:negativeperceptionsofEuropeinChinaandChinainEurope2021NegativeperceptionofChinaNegativeperceptioninChina90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%80%75%72%71%67%66%63%60%57%46%31%30%30%30%28%26%25%23%SwedenDenmarkNetherlandsGermanyBelgiumFranceUK*ItalySpain31Description:ThecountryinEuropewhichhasthegreatestdifferencebetweenits'citizensperceptionofChinaandChinesecitizens'perceptionofthecountrywasSweden,with80percentofSwedesperceivingChinanegatively,whileonly30percentofChineserespondentspercievedSwedennegatively.Ontheotherhand,theUKwastheEuropeancountrywiththesmallestdifferenceinopinionwithChina,as63percentofUKrespondentshadanegativeviewofChina,only17percentmorethanthe46[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,Europe,China,EU;October2020toJanuary2021;2083respondents;18yearsandolder;*TheUKistheonlycountryincludedwhichisnotamemberoftheEU.ThecountrylefttheEUin2020.

ReadmoreSource(s):StanfordUniversityEuropeancitizens'viewofwhatChinaisinrelationtoEuropein2023,bymemberstateEU-ChinaRelations:European'sviewonwhetherChinaisanallyorenemy2023Anally9%Anecessarypartner9%Don'tknow8%ArivalAnenemy100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2%8%3%11%24%11%10%13%28%17%18%26%24%22%15%21%24%23%27%22%28%13%27%15%11%54%32%15%33%24%17%16%18%30%25%31%58%8%51%46%4%43%4%49%1%42%40%1%36%31%8%3%Spain3%2%Germany3%France2%Sweden1%ItalyEUaverage

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AustriaDenmarkPoland32Description:In2023,morepeopleinEuropeanUnioncountriesconsideredthePeople'sRepublicofChinaasanallyornecessarypartnerthanviewedthecountryasarivalorenemy.BulgariaandHungarywerethememberstateswiththemostpositiveattitudetowardsChina,withamajorityinbothcasesseeingtheEastAsiansuperpowerasanecessarypartner.Ontheotherhand,50percentofrespondentsinSwedenseeChinaaseitherarivalorenemy,themostofanyEUcountry.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,China,EU;April2023;16168respondentsSource(s):ECFRPublicopinionofEuropeancitizens'onwhetherChineseeconomicpresenceinEuropeisacceptablein2023EU-ChinaRelations:publicopiniononChineseeconomicpresenceinEurope2023AcceptableDon'tknowUnacceptable100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%43%42%52%59%65%18%39%21%37%17%31%19%22%17%18%Chinesecompaniesbuilding

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ChinesecompaniesowninginfrastructuresuchasbridgesorportsinEuropefootballteaminEuropetechnologycompanyinEuropenewspaperinEuropeinfrastructuresuchasbridgesorportsinEurope33Description:WhenaskedabouttheiropiniononChineseeconomicinvolvementinEurope,EUcitizensweremostskepticalaboutChinesecompaniesowninginfrstructureorbuyingamediaortechnologycompanyinEurope,whilebeinglessopposedtoChinesecompaniesbuildinginfrastructureorowningcompaniesinlessstrategicallyimportantindustries,suchasbybuyingafootballclub.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;April2023;16168respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):ECFREuropeanviewsofChinabetweenFebruaryandMay2023,bycountryEurope'sperceptionofChina2023,bycountryShareofrespondentsFavorable40%Unfavorable50%0%10%20%30%60%70%80%90%100%SwedenNetherlandsGermanyFrance12%85%19%18%77%76%22%72%UK27%69%66%PolandSpain21%67%28%Italy36%40%42%58%51%GreeceHungary50%34Description:ThestatisticshowstheEuropeanviewsofChinabetweenFebruaryandMayof2023,bycountry.Duringthesurveyperiod,27percentofrespondentsintheUnitedKingdomhadafavorableopinionofChina,whereas69percenthadanunfavorableopinionofChina.ReadmoreNote(s):China,EU;FabruarytoMay2023;around1,000respondentspercountrySource(s):PewResearchCenterCHAPTER

06OtheraspectstotheEU-ChinarelationshipArrivalsoftouristsfromChinainallformsofpaidaccommodationestablishmentsinselectedEuropeancountriesfrom2016to2022ChinesetouristarrivalsinselectedEuropeancountries2016-20222016136397919371773152935479918409201715556612775058996364960935169120181591555324136972998618969102351136067237074193143161717261298871720191553297385307103350260972714496113714327259519458315885527738998958202015782756623716753870317641124165495319370175462167861622021548871744583407109164519690959295539121985453417512022178841681174255734123325912782125479239442234320615121821943GermanyPortugalAustriaCzechRepublicSerbiaPoland8214813029324104616449013503822722569549Finland18485914785311440617017150409BelgiumFlandersandBrusselsHungarySloveniaEstonia141671969820381265061557Netherlands2970003580003250003670005200036Description:ThenumberoftouristarrivalsfromChinainallformsofpaidaccommodationestablishmentsinGermanywassignificantlylowerbetween2020and2022comparedtotheyearspriortothecor