高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語北師大版第六周熱考話題集訓(xùn)科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)

第六周熱考話題集訓(xùn)——科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)閱讀理解A◆TheNeimiThisisbasicallyapairofbrain-controlledcatearsthatallowsuserstoexpressemotionalstates:relaxed,mildinterest,stronginterestandfocus.Thisismadepossiblebyabuilt-inmachinethatreadsandtranslatesemotions.It'sakindoftechnologythatcanalsobeusefulforathletestodeterminethebeststateforperformance.TheNeimicanbeboughtfor$49throughmakerNeurosky'swebsite.◆TheostrichpillowTherearetimeswhenyou'resotiredthatnothingisbetterthantakingashortsleep.Whetherit'sbeingstuckattheofficeoronalongbusrideoratthelibrary,thepillowisdesignedtoputthewearerinsoftsupportivecushioning(緩沖墊)inanyrestingposition.Thestrange-lookingpillowhasaholeinwhichtoputyourhead,andamouthholedesignedtoallowitswearertobreatheeasily.Italsohastwosideholeswhereyoucanstoreyourhands.Itisnowbeingsoldonlinefor$99.◆TheHovding:bikehelmet(頭盔)TheHovding:allowsriderstogetaroundeasily.It'sactuallyanairbagsystemthat'swornaroundtheneck,workingonlywhenthere'sasuddenshakeortheunlikelyeventthatmaygetyouknockedoffyourbike.Afterwinningtheworld'smostfamousdesignprize,thecreatorsaredevelopinganewandbettermodel.Nowthefirst-generationhelmetisbeingsoldatvarioussportingshopsthroughoutEuropeforabout$500.◆ThetreadmilldeskThetreadmilldeskonsaleistheperfectsolutionforourincreasinglysedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)lifestyles.Recentlyastudyfoundthosewhospentthreehoursadayonatreadmilldeskbecamehealthier.Still,itshouldn'tbetreatedasapanaceafornotgettingenoughexercise.Anotherstudysuggeststhatmeetingtheremendedamountofphysicalactivityrequiresmoreexercisesthanwalking.It'salsoremendedthattreadmillspeedsshouldbelimitedtoaround2milesperhourorlesstomakesuretheycanbeusedsafelywhileworking.語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四種奇特的發(fā)明。1．WhenarunnerwearstheNeimi,itcanhelp______.A．showhowheorsheisfeelingB．protecthimorherfrominjuriesC．improvehisorherrunningspeedD．keephimorheringoodcondition解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheNeimi”部分介紹的“thatallowsuserstoexpressemotionalstates”和“thatcanalsobeusefulforathletestodeterminethebeststateforperformance”可知，theNeimi可以反映出運(yùn)動(dòng)員的個(gè)人狀態(tài)。2．What'ssospecialabouttheostrichpillow?A．Itslowcost.B．Itsperfectsize.C．Itsbeautifuldesign. D．Itsamazingconvenience.解析：選D推理判斷題?！癟heostrichpillow”部分介紹的是一款可以讓使用者隨時(shí)隨地打盹的枕頭——這個(gè)形狀怪異的枕頭一共有4個(gè)洞，一個(gè)放頭，兩個(gè)放手，還有一個(gè)開口可供呼吸，故該發(fā)明的特點(diǎn)就是其便捷性。3．WhatdoweknowabouttheHovding:bikehelmet?A．Itisdesignedforathletes.B．Itisbeingimprovednow.C．Itcanworkatusers'request.D．Itisputonthewearer'sshoulders.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheHovding:bikehelmet”部分介紹的“thecreatorsaredevelopinganewandbettermodel”可知，該產(chǎn)品仍在改進(jìn)中。4．Whatdothefourinventionshaveinmon?A．They'reallonthemarket.B．They'reallhigh-techproducts.C．They'reallexpensivetodevelop.D．They'reallusedtoimprovepeople'shealth.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)這四個(gè)發(fā)明介紹中的“canbebought,beingsoldonline,beingsoldatvarioussportingshops,onsale”可知，它們都已在市場(chǎng)上銷售。BRobotshaveprovenveryusefulindifferentsituations.Butthosebotsaresmallremote-controlledtankswithamechanicalarm,andtheycangethunguponnarrowstairwells(樓梯井)andarestoppedbyladders.“Alotoftheplaceswhereyoudodisasterrecoveryareonlyaccessibleforpeople，”saysMarcRaibert,thepresidentofBostonDynamics,whichisprovidingadviceandhelpforDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)—thescientificresearchdepartmentoftheU．S.military(軍隊(duì))—tocreatethemostadvancedrobotsonearth.“Ifyou'reahumanoid—amachineorcreaturewiththeappearanceandqualitiesofahuman—accesscanbeincreasedandyoucanuseavailabletools.”InthefutureDARPAhopes,ahumanoidrobotwillbeabletodrivetrucks,andenterpowerplants.Thatfutureisalongwayoff.Simplemovementslikesquatting(蹲)arealmostimpossibleforsomethingwithmetalpartsandskinthatcannotbend,saysRaibert.Still,recentprogressisimpressiveenoughthatthemilitaryhasbeguntobetonleggedbots.TheOfficeofNavalResearchisworkingwithVirginiaTechonahumanoidfirefightingrobot,andDynamicsshowedofftwoofitslatestprojects:Cheetah,afour-leggedrobotcapableofrunning28milesperhour,andtheLeggedSquadSupportSystem,abigandawkwardheadlessrobotfundedbyDARPAandtheMarineCorpstohelpcarrythingsinplaceslikemountainareas.“Halfthelandonearthistoorough,sandy,orrockyforwheeledthings，”saysRaibert.“Humansandanimalscangotothoseplaces.Theyaretheonlyexamplesofsuccessfulsystemsthatdowhatwe'retryingtodo.”Noneofthewalkingrobotsismeanttofight.They'redesignedtoputoutfiresandcleanupindustrialaccidents.Buttheyareallfundedbythemilitary.“I'mwellawareofhowtheworldworks，”saysDennisHong,foundingdirectorofVirginiaTech'sroboticslab.“Robotsformearetoolstohelpsociety,nottofightinwars.Butonceatechnologyleavesourlab,there'snowaytocontrolhowpeoplecanuseit.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。未來的機(jī)器人將會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)得越來越像人類，并能完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。5．InMarcRaibert'sopinion,robotsneedtobedesignedlikehumansto________.A．a(chǎn)cplishplextasksB．becontrolledefficientlyC．survivedisastersD．a(chǎn)ppearfriendly解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ifyou'reahumanoid...accesscanbeincreasedandyoucanuseavailabletools...ahumanoidrobotwillbeabletodrivetrucks,andenterpowerplants.”可知，類人化的機(jī)器人可以到更多的地方，完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。6．WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeCheetah?解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Cheetah,afour-leggedrobotcapableofrunning28milesperhour”可知，Cheetah是四腳著地的機(jī)器人，故選C項(xiàng)。7．Theunderlinedword“They”inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto________.A．CheetahandtheLeggedSquadSupportSystemB．humansandanimalsC．wheeledthingsD．leggedrobots解析：選A代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，地球上一半的道路都不適合輪子通過，但是人類和動(dòng)物可以到達(dá)這些地方，所以人們模仿自己和動(dòng)物設(shè)計(jì)出了“有腿的”機(jī)器人。第二段中提到的Cheetah可以一小時(shí)跑28英里，LeggedSquadSupportSystem可以在山區(qū)等地方幫助人們馱東西，因此說這兩個(gè)機(jī)器人是研發(fā)成功的例子，能夠做我們?nèi)祟愖龅氖虑椤?．HowdoesDennisHongfeelaboutusingrobotsinwars?A．Surprised. B．Cautious.C．Uninterested. D．Helpless.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段末的“Robotsformearetoolstohelpsociety...controlhowpeoplecanuseit.”可知，DennisHong認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人是為了造福社會(huì)，而不是為了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但是一旦一項(xiàng)技術(shù)離開了他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，他們就無法控制人們?cè)鯓永眠@項(xiàng)技術(shù)。由此可推測(cè)，他對(duì)于機(jī)器人被使用在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中感到無能為力。CYouknowhowmuchyourtelephonehaschangedoverthepast10years?Yourcarwillchangeevenmorethanthatinthenext10years.Oneofthebigchangesisthatcarswilldrivethemselves.“Wedefinitelyhavethetechnologyforitnow，”saysAndrewPoliakofautomotivetechnologysupplierQNX.“Weexpectself-drivingcarstobeamainstreamthingbetween2020and2025.”TheAmericanpanyGooglehasbeenworkingonaself-drivingautomobileforyears.ThesecarsarealreadyontheroadsintheUnitedStatesandaretrulyself-driving.Theyhavenosteeringwheels(方向盤)orpedals.Lastweek,policeorderedoneofGoogle'scarstostopfordrivingtooslowlyonapublicroad.Thecarwasnotbreakinganylaw,sonoonewaspunished.AnotherAmericanpany,Tesla,addedan“Autopilot”featuretoitscarslastmonth.WiththeAutopilotturnedon,thevehicledrivesitself.Thecarwillspeedup,slowdown,brakeandsteerbyitself.Youcantakeoverdrivinganytimebyturningthesteeringwheelortouchingapedal.Thecarusessensorstoknowwhenlane(車道)changingissafeandwhetheritshouldspeeduporslowdown.TeslaAutopilotismadeforcross-countrydriving.Itkeepsyouinthelaneandhelpsyouavoidhittingothercars.Itdoesnotworkaswellonlocalroads,foritwillnotstopataredlightorstopsign.ReporterCarolynNicanderMohrtriedtheAutopilotfeatureofaTeslaearlierthismonth.Shehadahardtimetrustingthecartodowhatitshoulddo.ShethoughtaboutdisablingtheAutopilotfeaturemanytimesduringhertrip.Shewantedtotakecontrolateverybendintheroadandhitthebrakewhenthecarinfrontofhersloweddown.Yetthecardroveperfectly.Otherpaniesareworkingonself-drivingcars,too.Mercedes-Benz,Audi,BMW,VolvoandToyotaallhaveplansforsuchvehicles.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自動(dòng)駕駛汽車。9．Thequestioninthefirstparagraphisusedto________.A．collectreaders'answersB．introducethetopicofthetextC．describethechangestotelephonesD．showthedevelopmentoftechnology解析：選B推理判斷題。第一段提出的問題主要是為了引出文章的主題，即：自動(dòng)駕駛汽車。10．WhatdoAndrewPolia