高中英語必修5講義Module6Section5

[技法指導(dǎo)]本單元的寫作要求是描寫動物。關(guān)于動物的體裁有三種形式：1.說明文：介紹某種動物，可從動物形體、習(xí)性、特點(diǎn)等方面展開；2．議論文：動物與人類關(guān)系以及如何保護(hù)動物；克隆動物的利和弊；3．應(yīng)用文：建議信(如何保護(hù)動物；寫信投訴人類對動物的傷害)，保護(hù)動物的演講稿及倡議信等；保護(hù)動物的文章常常是首先說明現(xiàn)狀，比如數(shù)量減少，分析造成的原因，然后提出一些可行建議。黃金表達(dá)，教你如何營造亮點(diǎn)1．說明緣由和背景的句式(1)I'mwritingtosaysomethingabout...andgivesomesuggestionstoimprove...(2)Asisknowntoall,thenumberof...isreducingforthefollowingreasons.(3)Therearemanyreasonsaccountingforthat.(4)Manyhuntershuntandkillanimalsillegallyfortheirskinsandfurinordertomakeprofits.(5)Asaresult,thehabitatsofthemareonthedecrease.(6)Theyarebeingendangeredanimalsasaresultof...2．提出建議的句式：(1)First,thepublicshouldbeeducatedtoraisetheawarenessofprotectinganimals...Besides,effectivemeasuresmustbetakento...(2)It'stimetodo...(3)Itishightimethat...(4)Itisagoodideatodo...(5)Weshallsparenoefforttodo...3．表達(dá)愿望的句式(1)Iwouldbegratefulifyoucantakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.(2)Ithinkitnecessarytocallonallpeopleto...(3)Ifeveryoneofuscancontributealittle,itwillmakeadifferenceto....(4)Onlyinthiswaycan...[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]請根據(jù)下面的表格，寫一篇介紹華南虎的100詞左右的文章。動物華南虎(SouthChinaTiger)特征非常兇猛，雄性體重190千克左右，雌性體重110千克左右；尾部有黑斑棲息地中國的華南、華東和華中，但野外很稀少食物主要捕食野豬(wildboar)、水鹿(sambar)等瀕危的原因棲息地的減少，人類的捕殺現(xiàn)有的數(shù)量還有不到70只圈養(yǎng)華南虎[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．以……為主食feed_on2．在野外in_the_wild3．瀕危be_endangered/in_danger第二步：由詞造句1．在野外華南虎的數(shù)量稀少。①There_are_fewSouthChinaTigersinthewild.②Few_South_China_tigersliveinthewild.2．華南虎瀕危的原因是棲息地的減少和人類的捕殺。①SouthChinaTigerisin_dangerpartlybecauseofthe_reduction_ofitshabitatsandpartlybecauseofpeople'shunting.②Thereductionofitshabitatsandpeople'shuntingleft_it_in_danger．第三步：連句成篇SouthChinaTigerisanendangeredanimal,whosehabitatisinChina,exactlyspeaking,inSouthernChina,CentralChinaandEasternChina.SouthChinaTigerislargeandfierce.Themaletigercanweighabout190kilogramsandthefemaletigerabout110kilograms.Oneofitsmainfeaturesisthatitstailhasblackspots.Theyfeedmainlyonwildboarsandsambars.Now,therearelessthan70SouthChinaTigersinthereserveandfewliveinthewild.Thereductionofitshabitatsandpeople'shuntinghaveleftitindanger.Asaresult,weshouldeducatepeopletoprotectitandpunishthosepoachersseverely.Besides,manmustn'tdestroyitshabitats.Onlyinthiswaycanitspopulationincrease.[對應(yīng)學(xué)生課時達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(二十四)]Ⅰ.閱讀理解Livinginthewildcanbehard.Findingfoodandstayingsafearen'teasy.Eachday,animalsstruggletosurviveintheirhabitats.Notallanimalsgetbyontheirown.Someanimalsformaclosepartnershipwithotherkindsofanimals.Thesepairingsarecalledsymbiotic(共生的)relationships.Inasymbioticrelationship,theanimalsdependoneachother.Oneanimalhelpstheothermeetitsneeds.Soundsgood,right?Notalways.Someanimalsarenotverykindtotheirpartners.Insomecases,oneanimalmeetsitsneedsbuthurtsitspartner.Taketicks(壁虱)forexample.Theseinsectssuckbloodtolive.Togetblood,theyattachthemselvestootherkindsofanimals.Tickscanpassgermsthatcausediseaseinsteadofhelpingtheirhosts.Inotherrelationships,animalsdon'ttreattheirpartnerssopoorly.Bothanimalsbenefit,orgethelp,fromlivingwiththeotheranimal.Smallanimalscalledcleanershrimpshavefoundawayofhelpingfishatcoralreefs.Astheirnamesuggests,theshrimpscleanthefish.Theyhangoutatwhatscientistscallacleaningstation.Afishstopsby.Thenashrimpclimbsontothefishandevenstepsintothefish'smouth.Theshrimpusesitstinyclawstopickstuffoffthefish'sbody.Thatcanincludedeadskin,tinypiecesoffood,andweecreaturesthatcanhurtthefish.Thefishgetsanicecleaning.Theshrimpenjoysatastymealoffishtrash.Smallbirdscalledploversarealsointhecleaningbusiness.Theyhavebigcustomers,crocodiles.Crocodileshavelongsnouts(口鼻部)filledwithsharpteeth.Cleaningthemistricky.Whenacrocodileopensitsmouth,theploverhopsrightin.Thecrocodiledoesnotsnapitssnoutshut.Instead,itletstheplovereatsmall,harmfulanimalsattachedtoitsteeth.Theplovergetsaneasymealwhilethecrocodilegetscleanteeth.語篇解讀：本文介紹了共生環(huán)境中動物的生活習(xí)性。1．Thetextismainlyabout________．A．thehardlifeinthewildB．somedangerousanimalsC．a(chǎn)nimalslivingtogetherD．a(chǎn)nimalsinasymbioticrelationship解析：選D主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了生物界的一種共生現(xiàn)象，也就是說生物之間相互依存、相互幫助。故答案選D項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)C表達(dá)語意不準(zhǔn)確，表達(dá)范圍太廣。2．Accordingtothetext,inasymbioticrelationship,________.A．a(chǎn)nimalsdependoneachotherB．birdsdependonanimalsforfoodC．bothsidescangethelpD．notallanimalstreattheirpartnerswell解析：選D推理判斷題。由文章第二、三、四段可知，有共生現(xiàn)象的動物中，有的是相互得到幫助，而有的是單方面的。故答案為D項(xiàng)。3．Whenplovershopintocrocodiles'mouths,they________.A．a(chǎn)rereallytocleancrocodiles'teethB．a(chǎn)retomakecrocodileshappyC．a(chǎn)ren'tafraidofbeingeatenD．a(chǎn)ren'thappytocleanthecrocodiles'teeth解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段可知，plovers是不擔(dān)心被鱷魚咬傷的，因?yàn)轺{魚是希望plovers這樣做的，而對于plovers而言，其真正的目的是為了得到自己的食物。故答案為C項(xiàng)。4．Accordingtothetext,itcanbeinferredthat________．A．livinginthewildcanbehardB．differentanimalshavedifferentlivingwaysC．crocodilesmainlyliveonploversD．ticksareusefultosomeanimals解析：選B推理判斷題。文章第一段就提到有些動物是靠自己去捕捉食物，而文章又舉例講了一些動物是靠共生來獲取食物的，也就是說不同的動物有不同的方式來生存，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A是文章直接敘述的；選項(xiàng)C表達(dá)與原文不一致；選項(xiàng)D是無法推斷出的。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀Californiaisdry.Thesunnystateissufferingfromafouryeardrought—aseriousandunusuallackofrainfall.TheeffectsofthedroughtcanbeseenmostclearlyinCalifornia'sSierraNevadamountains.Muchofthestate'swatersupplyesfromthedeepsnowthatfallsinthesemountains.Thatsnowmeltsinthespringandfillsthestate'srivers,lakes,andundergroundbodiesofwater.1.________Asaresult,expertsarenowwarningthatCaliforniacurrentlyhasonlyaoneyearsupplyofusablewater.Todaywearestandingondrygrasswherethereshouldbefivefeetofsnow.2.________Thatmeanspeoplewillhavetolimittheirwateruseathome.Theycandothisbynotwateringlawnsandreducinghowmuchwatertheyuseforcleaningandcooking.3.________Placeslikegolfcoursescurrentlyusealotofwatertokeeplawnsgreen.They'llneedtofindsolutionsforthisproblemthatrequirelesswater.California'swatercrisishasbeencausedmainlybyalackofrainandsnowfalloverthepastfewyears.4.________Today,Californiaishometonearly40millionpeople.Thisisdoublethenumberwholivedtherein1960.Californiasimplyhastoomanypeopleforitsnaturalresources.5.________Manypeoplehavemovedtothestatebecauseofitsnaturalbeautyandpleasantweather.AndseveralmajorbusinessesarebasedinCalifornia,includingHollywoodmoviepaniessuchasWarnerBrosandtechnologygiantslikeApple.ThedroughtisnotlikelytodestroyCalifornia'sbusinesses,butthestatewillhavetorethinkhowitgrowsanddoesthings.A．Peoplecanbenefitalotfromthisterribledrought.B．Thisseriousdroughtneedsimmediateaction.C．Naturehaspreparedsomuchforpeople.D．MotherNaturedidn'tintendforsomanypeople.E．Butthesnowhasn'tbeenfalling.F．Butanotherbigproblemisitsgrowingpopulation.G．Somepublicplaceswillneedtomakebigchanges.答案：1～5EBGFDⅢ.完形填空Iusedtobeaveryselfcenteredperson,butinthepasttwoyearsIhavereallychanged.Ihavestartedtothinkaboutotherpeople__1__Ithinkaboutmyself.IamhappythatIambeinga__2__person.Ithinkmy__3__startedwhenIwasatPalomarCollege.Atfirst,Ijustwantedtogetmy__4__andbeleftalone.IthoughtIwassmarterthaneveryoneelse,soIhardlyever__5__toanyoneinmyclass.Bytheendofmyfirstsemester,Iwasreally__6__.Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.SoItrieda(n)__7__.Istartedaskingpeoplearoundmehowtheyweredoing,andiftheywerehavingtroubleI__8__tohelp.Thatwasreallyabig__9__forme.Bytheendoftheyear,Ihadseveralnewfriends,andtwoof__10__arestillmybestfriendstoday.Abiggercauseofmynew__11__，however,camewhenItookaparttimejobatVistaNursingHome.OneoldladytherewhohadAlzheimer'sdiseasebecamemy__12__.EverytimeIcameintoherroom,shewasso__13__becauseshethoughtIwasherdaughter.Herrealdaughternever__14__her,soItookherplace.Sheletme__15__thatmakingothersfeelgoodmademefeelgoodtoo.Whenshedied,Iwas__16__，butIwasalsoverygratefultoher.IthinkIamamuch__17__persontodaythanIusedtobe,andIhopeIwillnot__18__theseexperiences.Theyhave__19__metocareaboutotherpeoplemorethanaboutmyself.I__20__whoIamtoday,andIcouldnotsaythatafewyearsago.語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者以前以自我為中心，后來卻能關(guān)心他人，幫助他人，與他人和諧相處。她的轉(zhuǎn)變過程說明了做一個對別人有幫助的人是幸福的。B．beforeC．orD．unless解析：選B根據(jù)前一句話可知作者現(xiàn)在和過去不一樣了，她變得會先考慮別人再考慮自己，所以用before。2．A.famousB．simpleC．differentD．skilled解析：選C根據(jù)前面的“inthepasttwoyearsIhavereallychanged”可知，作者現(xiàn)在是一個與之前不同的人了。different“不同的”，符合語境。3．A.educationB．careerC．tourD．change解析：選D根據(jù)文章第一段中的“inthepasttwoyearsIhavereallychanged”及下文的敘述可推知，本段講述了作者是怎樣改變的。change“改變，變化”，符合語境。4．A.balanceB．homeworkC．degreeD．interest解析：選C根據(jù)生活常識可推斷出，上大學(xué)就是為了取得學(xué)位，所以作者一開始，就只是為了拿到學(xué)位。degree“學(xué)位”，符合語境。5．A.talkedB．wroteC．liedD．reported解析：選A由前面的“Ijustwantedto...smarterthaneveryoneelse”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己比其他人聰明，因而幾乎不與班里的同學(xué)說話。talk“談話，交流”，符合語境。6．A.carefulB．lonelyC．curiousD．guilty解析：選B根據(jù)前面的“Ijustwantedto...anyoneinmyclass.”及后面的“Itseemedasifeveryonebutmehadmadefriendsandwashavingfun.”可知，作者沒有朋友，感到很孤獨(dú)。lonely“孤獨(dú)的”，符合語境。7．A.argumentB．gameC．experimentD．defence解析：選C根據(jù)后面的“Istartedaskingpeoplearoundmehowtheyweredoing,andiftheywerehavingtroubleI__8__tohelp.”可知，作者這樣做是一個嘗試。experiment“嘗試”，符合語境。8．A.daredB．offeredC．hesitatedD．happened解析：選B此處表示如果他們遇到困難，作者會主動提供幫助。offer“提供”，符合語境。9．A.dreamB．problemC．dutyD．step解析：選D此處表示那對作者來說是(向前)跨了一大步。step“步”，符合語境。10．A.usB．whichC．themD．whom解析：選C這是一個由and連接的并列句，此處用來指代前面的“severalnewfriends”，所以用them。11．A.attitudeB．hobbyC．hopeD．luck解析：選A作者從幾乎不和別人交流到主動詢問別人有什么困難需要幫助，這是作者生活態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，所以此處用attitude。12．A.friendB．partnerC．guideD．guest解析：選A作者去敬老院做兼職，與那里的一位老人成了朋友。friend“朋友”，符合語境。13．A.politeB．happyC．strangeD．confident解析：選B作者每次去看望她，她都把作者當(dāng)成她的女兒了，所以她應(yīng)該是高興的。happy“高興的”，符合語境。14．A.botheredB．a(chǎn)nsweredC．visitedD．trusted解析：選C根據(jù)上下文可知，她的女兒從來都沒有看望過她，所以應(yīng)用visited。15．A.explainB．guessC．declareD．see解析：選D由后面的“makingothersfeelgoodmademefeelgoodtoo”可知，老人使作者明白了一個道理。see表示“理解，明白”，符合語境。16．A.homelessB．heartbrokenC．badtemperedD．hopeless解析：選B根據(jù)前面的“Whenshedied”可知，作者非常傷心。heartbroken“心碎的，傷心的”，符合語境。17．A.quieterB．busierC．betterD．richer解析：選C根據(jù)前文可知，作者由一個以自我為中心的人變成了一個關(guān)心別人、對別人有幫助的人，所以現(xiàn)在作者變成了一個更好的人了。18．A.forgetB．faceC．improveD．a(chǎn)nalyze解析：選A此處表示作者希望自己不會忘記這些經(jīng)歷。forget“忘記”，符合語境。19．A.forcedB．preferredC．orderedD．taught解析：選D此處表示這些經(jīng)歷教會了作者要關(guān)心別人多于關(guān)心自己。teach“教，教育”，符合語境。20．A.missB．likeC．wonderD．expect解析：選B經(jīng)過這些轉(zhuǎn)變，作者一定喜歡現(xiàn)在的自己。like“喜歡”，符合語境。Ⅳ.語法填空Nowadaysthepeopleareenjoyingamorefortablelifeandmanypeoplearesufferingfromobesity(肥胖).Thus,1.________(lose)weightbeesverypopular.2．________，weightreducingisatricky(難處理的)topic.Somepeopleloseweightquicklybycrashdieting3.________otherextrememeasures.Thiswon'thelpthemloseweightsincetheyusuallygainbackall(andoftenmore)ofthepoundstheylostbecausetheyhaven't4.________(permanent)changedtheirhabits.What'sworse,sometimestheseextrememeasureswill5.________(effect)theindividual'shealth.6．________myview,beforeonedecidestoloseweight,hefirstofallshouldmake7.________clearwhetherheshouldornotloseweight.Thebestwaytofindoutifyouareatahealthyweightorifyouneedtoloseorgainweightistotalkto8.________doctor.Heorshecanpareyourweightwithhealthynorms(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))9.________(help)yousetrealisticgoals.Ifitturnsoutthatyouwouldbenefitfromweightlossthenyoucanfollowafewofthesimplesuggestions10.________arewidelyacceptedbyweightreducingexpertstogetitstarted.答案：1.losing2.However3.or4.permanently5.affect6.In7.it8.a9.tohelp10.which/thatⅤ.短文改錯NowI'dliketointroduceourEnglishpapertoyou.Onmyopinion,thepaperisveryimportancetoourstudyanddailylife.WecanimproveourEnglish,especiallywritingEnglishbyreadingit.Atthesametime,it'safunandrelaxingtoreadit,itmakesourafterclasstimemeaningfulandcolorful.Thereisalotofcolumnsinourpaper,suchasSchoolNews,Teachers'AdviceandStudents'Voice.Notonlyitmakeuslearntheimportanteventsofourschool,buthelpsourselvesmunicatewithteachers.However,wecantaketheadvicesfromourteachersmoreseriously.Inaword,Ilikeourpaperverymuch.答案：第二句：On→In;importance→important第三句：writing→written第四句：去掉a;第三個it改為which第五句：is→are第六句：only后加does;ourselves→us第七句：However→Besides;advices→advice單元質(zhì)量檢測(六)(時間：100分鐘滿分：120分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGoddingtonTheaterTheGoddingtonTheaterTicketOfficeisopenfrom10a．m.until4p．m.MondaytoFriday,andforhalfanhourintheeveningbeforetheadvertisedstarttimeofeachperformance.Telephonebookings◆YourticketsareheldattheTicketOfficeforyoutocollector,ifyouprefer,acharge(費(fèi)用)of35centsismadetopostthemtoyouifyoupaybycash.We'llpostthemtoyouforfreeifyoubookbycreditcard.Noextracharge.Postalbookings◆YoucanwritetotheTicketOfficerequestingtickets,ortoconfirmareservation.WheretofindGoddingtonTheater◆GoddingtonTheatercanbefoundwithintheGoddingtonUniversitysite,nexttothecarpark,whichisavailableforpublicuseafter5p．m.onweekdaysandalldayonweekends.Iftravellingbycar◆ingfromthesouthendofPrincesStreet,youwillseethelibraryonyourright.NexttothelibraryisGoddingtonUniversity.Takethenextturningontheright,thenfirstrightintothecarparkgatestraightaheadofyou,stoppingascloseaspossibletotheorangemachine.Puta$1coininthemachineandthegatewillrise.Iftravellingbytrain/bus/taxi◆Youwillneedtoallow30minutestowalkfromthetrainstation.Taxisareavailablefromthefrontofthestation.◆TheUniversityisa5to10minutes'walkfromthemainbusstation.◆Whenorderingataxifromthetheater,asktobepickedupatthebottomofNorthStreet.Taxiswillnoteintothecarparkbecauseoftheentrancecharge.語篇解讀：這篇文章是GoddingtonTheater的廣告，介紹了GoddingtonTheater售票時間，售票方式和GoddingtonTheater的地理位置，如何乘坐交通工具。1．Youcanbookyourtickets________．A．a(chǎn)t9a．m.onMondayB．a(chǎn)t5p．m.onWednesdayC．a(chǎn)tnoononworkdaysD．a(chǎn)tlunchtimeonweekends解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段的“TheGoddingtonTheaterTicketOfficeisopenfrom10a．m.until4p．m.MondaytoFriday”可知你可以在工作日的中午訂票，故選C。2．WhereistheGoddingtonTheater?A．IntheGoddingtonUniversity.B．OntherightoftheTicketOffice.C．TothesouthofPrincesStreet.D．AtthebottomofNorthStreet.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從WheretofindGoddingtonTheater部分里面的“GoddingtonTheatercanbefoundwithintheGoddingtonUniversitysite,nexttothecarpark”可知GoddingtonTheater是在Goddington大學(xué)內(nèi)，故選A。3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Youcanfindafreeparkingplaceintheuniversity.B．Youhavetocollectyourticketsifyoupaybycreditcard.C．Ticketspaidbycashwillbepostedtoyouatnoextracharge.D．Taxidriversareunwillingtopickupcustomersinsidethecarpark.解析：選D推理判斷題。從最后一句話“Taxiswillnoteintothecarparkbecauseoftheentrancecharge.”可知出租車不愿意到公園里面去接客人，故選D。BWhenhewas22,RobStewarttraveledtheworldforfouryears.Hewantedtocallattentiontothemistreatmentofsharks.His2007film,Sharkwater,documentsthecruelpracticeofremovingsharks'fins(鰭)formoneyandleavingtheanimalstodie.Inhislatestdocumentary,Revolution,Stewarttakesonanevenbiggerchallenge:climatechange.TheCanadianfilmmakersaysthatclimatechangehasharmedpeopleandplaceseverywhere:“Itisstrongerthananygovernmentororganization.Ifweeducatepeople,theywillmakebetterdecisionsaboutprotectingnaturalresources.”Accordingtoarecentreportonclimatechange,“Theatmosphereandoceanhavewarmed,theamountsofsnowandicehavereduced,andthesealevelshaverisen.”Thesedevelopmentsareendangeringcrops,wildlife,fish,andevenpeople.Stewartsaysthattheconsequencesofclimatechangewillbeirreversibleunlesspeopletakeaction,especiallyyoungpeople.“It'suptokidstobethemoralpass(道德指南)ofsociety，”hebelieves,“andsay,‘Guys,thisisnotright.’”ManykidstookactionafterseeingSharkwater.ElementaryschoolstudentsintheNorthernMarianaIslands,forexample,gottheirlocalgovernmenttobanthesaleofsharkfins.FelixFinkbeiner,17,ofGermanyisalsopartofthe“revolution”tosavetheplanet.In2007,FelixstartedayouthgroupcalledPlantforthePlanet,whosemottois“StopTalking.StartPlanting.”Thegroupraisesmoneytoplanttrees.Sofar,PlantforthePlanethasplantednearly200treesaroundtheworld.“Futuregenerationsaretheoneswhowillbesufferingthemostfrominaction(無作為)，”Felixsays.Hisgoalistoplantmillionsofadditionaltrees.“Whenwestartedfouryearsago，”FelixtellsStewartinRevolution,“wethoughtwehadtosavethepolarbear.Wethoughtwehadtosavetheenvironment.Butsoonafter,wefoundoutthatit'saboutourfuture,thatwehavetosaveourownfuture.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了電影制作人RobStewart為保護(hù)環(huán)境所作出的努力以及他對年輕人的影響。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutRobStewart?A．Hecaresabouttheenvironment.B．Helikestakingchallengingjobs.C．Hespendsmostofhistimetraveling.D．Hemadehisfirstfilmfouryearsago.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)Stewart拍攝的兩部關(guān)于鯊魚和氣候變化的電影以及文中他所說的關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的話可知，他關(guān)愛環(huán)境。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irreversible”inParagraph4mean?A．Easytoaccept.B．Hardtonotice.C．Impossibletochange.D．Unnecessarytoworryabout.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...Ifweeducatepeople,theywillmakebetterdecisionsaboutprotectingnaturalresources”可知，畫線詞所在句子是說“如果人們不采取行動，那么由于氣候變化引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重后果將不可扭轉(zhuǎn)”。6．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFelixFinkbeiner?A．Easygoing.B．Farsighted.C．Peaceloving.D．Selfcentered.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段FelixFinkbeiner說的“wethoughtwehadtosavethepolarbear...wehavetosaveourownfuture.”可知，他是一個非常有遠(yuǎn)見的年輕人。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThebestwaytohelpB．AfamousfilmmakerC．TipsonsavingourfutureD．Helpingaplanetintrouble解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。氣候變化引發(fā)了一系列嚴(yán)峻的問題。本文講述了電影制作人RobStewart以及在他的影響下其他年輕人為保護(hù)環(huán)境所作出的努力。D項(xiàng)全面地概括了本文保護(hù)地球環(huán)境這一主題。CIfyou'relookingforafairlypainlesswaytoloseweight(oratleastnotgainit),researchershaveanewsolutionforyou:putyourselfonaregularsleepschedule.LedbyBruceBailey,professorofexercisescience,researchersfollowed300womenstudents,aged19to26,whoweregivenactivitytrackerstowatchtheirmovementsandactivities,includingwakingandsleepingtimes.Theywereassessedforbodyposition(成分)beforeandaftertheoneweekstudyperiod.Whattheresearchersfound：?Gettinglessthan6.5hoursofsleepormorethan8.5hoursofsleepwaslinkedtohigherbodyfat.?Highqualitysleepwasconnectedwithlowerbodyfatwhilepoorsleepwasconnectedwithhigherbodyfat.?Wakingandgoingtosleepatthesametimeeverydaywasmoststronglylinkedwithlowerbodyfat.Thedifferenceinbodyweightwasgreaterwithmorevariationinsleeppatterns.Womenwhosesleeppatternsvariedby90minutesanighthadhigherbodyfatthanthosewhosesleepvariedby60minutesorlessonaverage.Bodyfatalsovariedwithsleepquantity.Womenwhosleptbetween8and8.5hoursanighthadthelowestbodyfat.Whatweshouldnoticeisthatthiswasasmallstudy,ofveryshortduration,withstudyparticipantsselectedfromalimitedpoolofthesametype.Thestudyfollowedupaseriesofresearchcarriedoutoverthelastfewyearsthattiesqualityandquantityofsleeptoweightlossandbetterweightcontrol.Whileresearchersdon'tknowexactlyhowsleepschedulesaffectbodyweightandfat,otherstudieshaveshownthatsleephasaneffectonphysicalactivity,appetite(食欲),andthehormones(荷爾蒙)thatcontrolappetite,metabolism(新陳代謝),andthesignalsthattelluswe'refull.語篇解讀：科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，按時作息有利于保持苗條的身材。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothestudy?A．Themoreonesleeps,thethinnersheis.B．Onewhosleepswellcanbettercontrolherweight.C．Oneshouldchangesleeppatternsmoreoftentoloseweight.D．Sleepingearlyandwakingupearlyisgoodforweightloss.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三、四段可知，研究表明體重與睡眠規(guī)律性、時長、質(zhì)量、睡姿變換量有關(guān)。睡覺時間規(guī)律、睡得好、睡眠中姿勢變換少、睡眠時長在8到8.5小時之間的人更不易發(fā)胖。9．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________．A．theresultofthestudyisabsolutelyreliableB．sleepcangivesignalstotellpeoplethey'refullC．it'sthefirstresearchonbetterwaystocontrolweightD．howsleepaffectsbodyweightisstilltobediscovered解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Whileresearchersdon'tknowexactlyhowsleepschedulesaffectbodyweightandfat...”可知，研究人員還不清楚睡眠究竟是怎樣影響了體重。10．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WaysofreducingweightB．EnjoythebenefitsofsleepC．RegularsleepcouldhelpyouloseweightD．Improvingsleepqualityisgoodforyourhealth解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講的是規(guī)律的睡眠有利于減肥。11．Thetextislikelytoappearin________．A．a(chǎn)healthreportB．a(chǎn)historypaperC．a(chǎn)researchplanD．a(chǎn)sciencetextbook解析：選A文章出處題。本文講睡眠與體重之間的關(guān)系，屬于健康范疇。DInsomecultures,it'sthefamily'sresponsibilitytocareforagingfamilymembers.So,eventheword“caregiver”doesnotexistinmanycultures.“Well,inIndia,Ithinkthisisinteresting.There'resomanymiddleclassIndianpeople—youngpeople—whohavemovedtoAustraliaortheU．K.ortheU．S.andtheparentsarestilllivingbackinIndia.Theyjustsendmoneyback.There's,Ithink,anongoingdiscussioninIndiaofwhat'sreallytheresponsibilityofthefamily.Theyneverevenknewwhattheword‘caregiver’wasbecauseitwasjustwhattheydid.”saysGailGibsonHunt,CEOwiththeNationalAllianceforCaregiving.“TheIndianGovernmentpassedalawsayingadultchildrenmustsendmoneybacktosupportthefamily.Andithasstartedcarryingoutthislawnow.”InJapan,thegovernmentofferslongterminsurance(保險)forfamiliesandtheyalsohaveatraditionoffamilycaregiving.Sothechildrenneedn'tgivemoneytotheirelderlyparents.Whereverintheworldtheylive,Ms.Huntadvisescaregiverstoreachoutforhelpiftheyfeeltheyaresufferingfromburnout.Shesaystheconditioncanaffectapersoninmanyways.“Caregiverburnoutspecificallywouldrefertoacaregiverhavingbeenundersuchstress—perhapsfinancial(經(jīng)濟(jì)上的),perhapsphysical,certainlyemotionalstress—thatheorshecannotcontinuedoingthecaregivinganymore.They'rejusttired.Theyarewhatwewouldcall‘burnedout’．”Americanssaytheyneedseveralthingstomitigatethestressofcaringforagingordisabledfamilymembers.Thesethingsincludemoney,medicaltrainingandsometimesjustgivingthecaregiverabreak.TheadviceoftheWHOhealthexpertsissimple:takegoodcareofyourhealth.Peopleshouldnotsmokeordrinktoomuch.TheWHOalsoadvisespeopletogetmoreexercise,eathealthyfoodandgetenoughsleep.Theseactivitieswillhelpyoutobeabletorelyonyourselveslaterinlife.語篇解讀：由于文化上的差異，各國在照顧和護(hù)理老人的理念和方式上也存在一定的差別。12．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________．A．therearen'tanyyoungpeopleleftinIndiaB．JapanisdifferentfromIndiaincaregivingC．theJapanesegovernmentofferscaregiverstoelderlypeopleforfreeD．Japanhasnolawstoorderthechildrentolookaftertheirelderlyparents解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段到第四段內(nèi)容可知，在印度，法律要求子女每個月要給父母生活費(fèi)。然而在日本，政府為所有人提供長期的保險，子女有照顧老年人的傳統(tǒng)，年輕人就不必像印度人一樣給老人寄錢。由此可推知，印度和日本在照顧老人方面是不同的。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inParagraph5mean?A．Increase.B．Understand.C．Determine.D．Reduce.解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Caregiverburnoutspecifically...doingthecaregivinganymore.”及下文“Thesethingsincludemoney,medicaltrainingandsometimesjustgivingthecaregiverabreak.”可知，照顧者會承受經(jīng)濟(jì)和身體、情感上的壓力，以至于他們不能繼續(xù)干下去。為了“減輕”照顧年老和殘疾家庭成員的壓力，照顧者需要包括金錢，醫(yī)療訓(xùn)練，有時候給他們休息時間的幫助。故畫線詞的意思為“減輕”。14．TheWHOhealthexpertsadvisepeopletotakecareoftheirhealthto______．A．livelongerandmorehappilyinoldageB．beabletoliveindependentlylaterC．haveenergytocarefortheelderlyD．helpyoungpeopledomorethings解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theseactivitieswillhelpyoutobeabletorelyonyourselveslaterinlife.”可知，WHO組織的健康專家們建議人們要盡早注意自己的健康，多鍛煉，是為了到老時能夠健康獨(dú)立的生活。15．Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotell?A．Caringforarisingagingpopulation.B．Waystotakecareofelderlypeople.C．Culturaldifferencesincaregiving.D．Family'sresponsibilityofcaregiving.解析：選C主旨大意題。本文主要介紹各國由于不同的文化在照顧老人方面的差異。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thefollowingaresomeimportantreasonswhyyouneedtosetgoalsforyourself：16．________Havingagoalwrittendownwithasetdateforacplishmentgivesyousomethingtoplanandworkfor.Goalstransformdifficulttasksintoeasyones.Mostofushavebigdreamsthatseemimpossibletoacplish.17.________Propergoalsettingcanhelpbreaklargeraspirationsintosmallerandmoreachievablesteppingstones.Goalsholdyouaccountableforfailure.Sometimes,lookingbackonagoalyousetforyourself6months,or1yearago,yourealizethatyouweresupposedtoacplishalotmorethanyouactuallydid.18.________Soyouneedtomakerealchangesifyouwanttogetwhereyouwanttobe.Goalstellyouwhatyoutrulywant.19.________Sometimeswethinkweneedmoremoney,whenwereallyneedachangeofenvironment.Byaskingourselveswhatwereallywantandconstantlyreassessingourgoals,wecanfigureoutwhatwereallywantinlife.Goalshelpuslivelifetothefullest.Imagineyou'reonvacation.Wouldn'tyouwanttofigureoutexactlywhatyouwanttoseewiththelimitedtime?20.________We'regivenalimitedamountoftimetopursuetheexperienceswewantandthenbeforeyouknowit,it'stimetogo.Withoutaclearsenseofwhatyouwanttodo,you'llneverbeabletolivelifetothefullest.A．Goalsmoveyouforward.B．Inmanyways,lifeislikeavacation.C．Goalsettingisn'tjustaboutcreatingaplanforyourlife.D．It'saconcretesignthatwhateveryou'redoingisn'tworking.E．Duringyourjourney,you'llfindlotsofinterestingthin