高中英語(yǔ)譯林版必修4Unit1Section4

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ),,[語(yǔ)法初識(shí)])原句感知自主探究①Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→HetoldmethatIwaswrong.②“Areyouasoldier？”heasked.→Heaskedif/whetherIwasasoldier.③Heasked,“Whereareyougoingtogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewasgoingtogetoff.④“Makesurethedoorisclosed，”theteachersaidtome.→Theteachertoldmetomakesurethedoorwasclosed.⑤“Iwilleandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthatshewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.⑥“Iwillehereagaintoday，”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshe'dgothereagainthatday.(1)若直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等都要作相應(yīng)的變化，如①句。(2)若直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；同時(shí)，要將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，如②句。(3)若直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；同時(shí)，要將疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序，如③句。(4)若直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需改用“動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的動(dòng)詞通常是表示“命令、建議、請(qǐng)求”的動(dòng)詞，如④句。(5)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，指示代詞和動(dòng)詞要作相應(yīng)變化，如⑤句。(6)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要作相應(yīng)變化，如⑥句。[語(yǔ)法剖析]語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)一基本概念引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語(yǔ)”。直接引用別人的原話，兩邊用引號(hào)標(biāo)出，叫做直接引語(yǔ)。用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不需要引號(hào)的叫做間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需在時(shí)態(tài)形式、人稱代詞、指示代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及詞序等方面作相應(yīng)的變化。“Ilikesinging，”shesaid.(直接引語(yǔ))→Shesaidshelikedsinging.(間接引語(yǔ))“Don'ttouchanything，”hesaid.(直接引語(yǔ))→Hetoldusnottotouchanything.(間接引語(yǔ))[名師點(diǎn)津]實(shí)際上，間接引語(yǔ)大都是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中由祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換的間接引語(yǔ)在轉(zhuǎn)換后是不定式。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)二直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)連詞的使用及句式結(jié)構(gòu)1.引述陳述句時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)(that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡它。Hesaid,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告訴我他把書忘在我房間里了。2．引述一般疑問(wèn)句或附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常用whether或if引導(dǎo)，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般只能用whether引導(dǎo)。Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwille？”→Heaskedwhether(if)Iwassuremymotherwoulde.他問(wèn)我是否確信我媽媽會(huì)來(lái)。Heasked,“Theyliveingroups,don'tthey？”→Heaskedwhether/iftheylivedingroups.他問(wèn)它們是否是群居。Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent？”→HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacherorastudent.他問(wèn)我是老師還是學(xué)生。[名師點(diǎn)津]一般疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)“口訣”：if/whether接引語(yǔ)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘記；人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)，變化需用陳述句。[即時(shí)演練1](1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Hesaid,“CanyouspeakEnglish,Jack？”→HeaskedJackifhecouldspeakEnglish.②“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven'tyou？”hismotherasked.→Hismotheraskedhimwhetherhehadfinishedthehomework.(2)Heaskedme________.A．a(chǎn)mIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB．wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC．whetherIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD．whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember解析：選C賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為陳述語(yǔ)序。3．引述特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad？”Billasked.→BillaskedwhereIhadfoundtheadsforjobsabroad.比爾問(wèn)我是在哪兒找到有關(guān)到國(guó)外工作的廣告的?！癢hatareyoudoingnow？”Momasked.→MomaskedwhatIwasdoingthen.[名師點(diǎn)津]特殊疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)“口訣”：疑問(wèn)詞接引語(yǔ)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘記；人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)，變化需用陳述句。[即時(shí)演練2](1) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Heaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive？”→HeaskedmewhereIlived.②Heaskedme,“Whatdoyoudoonweekends？”→HeaskedmewhatIdidonweekends.③Sheaskedme，“Whyareyoulaughingatme？”→SheaskedmewhyIwaslaughingather.(2)Heaskedme________forthebike.A．IpaidhowmuchB．howmuchIpaidC．didIpayhowmuchD．howmuchdidIpay解析：選B根據(jù)本題句式，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，但要用陳述語(yǔ)序。4．引述祈使句通常用“動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如果祈使句為否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞order,tell,warn；引述表示請(qǐng)求的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞ask,beg；引述表示建議、勸告的祈使句常用動(dòng)詞advise等。Hesaid,“Pleaseehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.他讓我第二天再到那兒去。Hesaid,“Dohavealookyourselffirst.”→Headvisedmetohavealookmyselffirst.他建議我自己先看一看。Hesaid,“Don'tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。[名師點(diǎn)津]祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)，遵循“一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ痹瓌t：一改：said(to)改為asked或told二變：saidto的賓語(yǔ)變成asked等的賓語(yǔ)三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to，使其成為動(dòng)詞不定式四去：去掉please[即時(shí)演練3]句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthedoor,please！”→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthedoor.②Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don'tleavethewindowopenwhenyouareout.”→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethewindowopenwhenhewasout.③“Pleaseexplainwhyyou'relate，”thebosssaid.→Thebossaskedhimtoexplainwhyhewaslate.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)三直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要特別注意幾個(gè)變化1.人稱的變化主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)遵循“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”的原則。①“一隨主”即直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)若是第一人稱或被第一人稱修飾，間接引語(yǔ)中人稱要按主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。②“二隨賓”直接引語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)若是第二人稱或被第二人稱修飾，間接引語(yǔ)中人稱要跟主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致。③“第三人稱不更新”即直接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)若是第三人稱或被第三人稱修飾，間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱一般不需要變化。Shesaid，“Iamhungry.”→Shesaidshewashungry.Mumsaidtome，“Youcancleanyourbedroomtomorrow.”→MumtoldmethatIcouldcleanmybedroomthenextday.[即時(shí)演練4]把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意人稱變化①Hesaid,“Shewilleheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthatshewouldgotheretohavealongholiday.②Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→ShetoldmethatIplayedbasketballbetterthanher.③“Iboughtthispairofshoesformyfather，”Katesaid.→Katesaidshehadboughtthatpairofshoesforherfather.④Myfathersaid,“IhopeyouwillgrowuptobePresident.”→MyfathersaidthathehopedIwouldgrowuptobePresident.2．時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式不變。但是如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)形式，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式一般按下列規(guī)律變化：直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”→TheteachersaidthatweweredoingOK.老師說(shuō)我們做得不錯(cuò)。Hesaid,“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthathehadwrittenanovel.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)寫完了一篇小說(shuō)。[即時(shí)演練5]把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，注意時(shí)態(tài)變化①Hesaid,“Isawthefilmyesterday.”→Hesaidthathehad_seenthefilmthedaybefore.②Shesaid,“Ihaveseenthefilm.Itisgood.”→Shesaidthatshehad_seenthefilm,andthatitwasgood.③Petersaid,“I'mbusytoday.”→Petersaidthathewasbusythatday.④Heasked,“Isitraining？”→Heaskedifitwas_raining.⑤Theteachersaid,“Iwillgivemystudentsafewholidaysattheendofthismonth.”→Theteacherpromisedthathewould_givehisstudentsafewholidaysattheendofthatmonth.3．指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this,thesethat,those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforetwoweeksagotwoweeksbeforetomorrowthenextdaynextweekthenextweek地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere方向動(dòng)詞egobringtake“Iwilleandhelpyoutomorrow,Mary，”shesaid.→ShetoldMarythatshewouldgoandhelpherthenextday.她告訴瑪麗第二天她會(huì)去幫她?！癐'lleandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom，”hesaid.→HetoldTom(that)hewouldgoandseehimagainthatevening.他告訴湯姆他那晚要再去看他。[即時(shí)演練6](1)AnEnglishteacheraskedhisstudents,“Areyouinterestedinmylessons？”→AnEnglishteacheraskedhisstudentsif________wereinterestedin________lessons.A．you;myB．you;hisC．they;myD．they;his解析：選D直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若直接引語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)為第二人稱，則間接引語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)從句)的主語(yǔ)與主句的賓語(yǔ)在人稱上保持一致，即you變?yōu)閠hey；由句意可知句中的my應(yīng)改為his。(2)Mr.Greenasked,“Jack,haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday？”→Mr.GreenaskedJackwhetherhehadpassedtheexam________.A．yesterdayB．thedaybeforeC．thedayagoD．beforetheday解析：選B直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要作相應(yīng)的變化，yesterday要變?yōu)閠hedaybefore。4．語(yǔ)序變化直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序，并且需把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say或saytosb.變?yōu)閍sk或asksb.?！癆realladsplayingtricksonus？”Iaskedher.→Iaskedherwhether/ifalladswereplayingtricksonus.我問(wèn)她是否所有的廣告都欺騙我們。Theteacheraskedtheboy,“Howmanypageshaveyoureadtoday？”→Theteacheraskedtheboyhowmanypageshehadreadthatday.老師問(wèn)那個(gè)男孩那天讀了多少頁(yè)。[即時(shí)演練7]Sheaskedme________tobuildthechurch.A．howlongitwastakenB．howlongithadtakenC．howmuchtimedidittakeD．howmuchtimeitwastaken解析：選B間接引語(yǔ)使用陳述語(yǔ)序，動(dòng)詞take在此處表示“做某事花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間”，不可用被動(dòng)形式。其結(jié)構(gòu)是ittakessb.sometimedososth.。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)四直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)保持不變的幾種情況如果引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的形式則在下列情況下不用變化：1．直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理、格言、諺語(yǔ)?！癟heearthmovesaroundthesun”，myfathertoldme.→Myfathertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.爸爸告訴我地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。2．直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Janesaid,“Mary,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus？”→JaneaskedMarywhereshewasgoingwhenshemetheronthebus.簡(jiǎn)在公交上碰見(jiàn)瑪麗時(shí)，問(wèn)她要去哪里。3．直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Johnsaid，“IwasbornonJune8,1982.”→JohnsaidhewasbornonJune8,1982.約翰說(shuō)他出生于1982年6月8日。4．直接引語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesaid,“Ihavebreakfastatseveneverymorning.”→Hesaidhehasbreakfastatseveneverymorning.他說(shuō)他每天早晨七點(diǎn)吃早飯。[即時(shí)演練8](1)把下列各句改為間接引語(yǔ)①“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound，”myfathertoldme.→Myfathertoldmethatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.②Theteachersaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.③Hesaid,“Iwasbornin1986”．→Hesaidthathewasbornin1986.④“Whendidyouehere？”sheasked.→SheaskedmewhenIwentthere.(2)Theteachertoldthestudentsthatsincelight________fasterthansound,lightning________togobeforethunder.A．travelled;appearedB．travels;appearsC．travels;willappearD．travelled;wouldappear解析：選B雖然主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但是間接引語(yǔ)陳述的內(nèi)容為客觀真理，時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如何寫廣告[技法指導(dǎo)]廣告的寫作常包括廣告標(biāo)題、標(biāo)語(yǔ)、正文、隨文等要素。1．廣告標(biāo)題具有突出主旨、提示要點(diǎn)、引人注意、激發(fā)消費(fèi)者閱讀廣告正文、加深印象、促使消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行購(gòu)買的功能。廣告標(biāo)題文字不苛求音韻，句子可以是完整的，也可以是半句話，甚至一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)詞。2．廣告標(biāo)語(yǔ)就是品牌標(biāo)語(yǔ)，是該品牌的主張或承諾。品牌標(biāo)語(yǔ)一般都很簡(jiǎn)潔、短小、精練。3．廣告正文是廣告文案的中心部分，它體現(xiàn)著廣告的主題，因而撰寫正文時(shí)一定要做到簡(jiǎn)潔、清楚、直接、實(shí)在，形式上靈活多樣。4．廣告隨文的寫作，也稱附告，是在正文之后的必要說(shuō)明，包括廣告單位的名稱、地址、號(hào)碼、開戶銀行、郵政編碼、銀行賬號(hào)、購(gòu)買手續(xù)等，附文要寫得具體、明確。5．要使廣告語(yǔ)既豐富多彩、引人入勝，又易于理解、便于傳播、利于記憶，就要掌握修辭手法和用詞兩個(gè)方面的技巧。廣告語(yǔ)中常用的修辭格有對(duì)比、押韻、反復(fù)、雙關(guān)、比喻、仿詞、夸張等。[黃金表達(dá)]1．Youcanneverimaginehow...2．Almosteveryonewhohastrieditlovesit!3．Whynoteandhaveataste?Whydon'tyou...?4．Haveyoueverregrettednot...?5．It'sfashionable!It'sconvenient!It'sdelicious!6．You'llbeamazedat...7．...availableinallshopsnow...8．Whenyoubuyoneyougetanotheroneforfree...[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]下面是有關(guān)ChocoLocobar的介紹，請(qǐng)以“HaveyouevertriedourChocoLocobar？”為題，用英語(yǔ)為其寫一則宣傳廣告，內(nèi)容如下：1．ChocoLocobar的原料：墨西哥上好的可可豆，中國(guó)最新鮮的牛奶；2．與眾不同的特點(diǎn)：脂肪含量低，是減肥人士的最佳選擇；3．一旦嘗過(guò)，都會(huì)喜歡上。濃郁的奶香、淡淡的苦澀，美味盡在ChocoLocobar！愛(ài)上與眾不同的我！4．價(jià)格一般，但質(zhì)量上乘；5．在中國(guó)各超市均有銷售。現(xiàn)在買一贈(zèng)一；6．有好的建議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們?。?25-86177788電子郵件地址：ChocoLocobar@hotmail參考詞匯：濃郁的full-boiled；淡淡的苦澀sweet-smellingwithalittlebittertaste[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．美味的yummy2．上好質(zhì)量the_best_quality3．被用做be_used_to_do4．低脂肪be_low_in_fat5．均有銷售be_available_in_...第二步：由詞造句1．它脂肪含量低，并且是減肥的最佳選擇，那就是為什么這么多人喜歡它。①It'slowinfatandthebestchoiceforanyonetryingtoloseweight.Somanypeopleloveit.②It'slowinfatandthebestchoiceforanyonetryingtoloseweight.That's_whysomanypeopleloveit.2．ChocoLocobar是如此美味，以致中國(guó)各超市均有銷售。①ChocoLocobarisso_yummy!It'savailableinallsupermarketsaroundChina.②So_yummyisChocoLocobarthatit'savailableinallsupermarketsaroundChina.3．并非每塊巧克力都要錢，你可以享受買一贈(zèng)一?、貼ot_everyChocoLocobarispaid.Youcanbuyonethengetanotheroneforfree!②Not_everyChocoLocobarispaid,andyoucanbuyonethengetanotheroneforfree!第三步：連句成篇HaveyouevertriedourChocoLocobar?YoucanneverfancyhowyummychocolatebarscanbeifyouhaveneverhadaChocoLocochocolatebar.OnlythebestqualitycocoabeansfromMexicoandthefreshestmilkfromChinaareusedtomaketheyummyChocoLocochocolatebars.Itislowinfatandthebestchoiceforanyonetryingtoloseweight.That'swhysomanypeopleloveit,especiallyitsfull-boiledsweet-smellingflavourwithalittlebittertaste.Whynoteandhaveataste?ChocoLocochocolatebarisofhighqualityandaverageprice.SoyummyisChocoLocobarthatitisavailableinallsupermarketsaroundChinanow.NoteveryChocoLocobarispaid.Whenyoubuyonenow,yougetanotheroneforfree!Youareweletogiveusyourvaluablesuggestions.Pleasecontactusbytelephone:025-86177788oremailustothefollowingemailaddress:ChocoLocobar@hotmail..Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong？”→Heasked________.A．howamIgettingalongB．howareyougettingalongC．howIwasgettingalongD．howwasIgettingalong解析：選C直接引語(yǔ)是how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，語(yǔ)序用陳述句語(yǔ)序。故選C項(xiàng)。2．—WhatdidSusansayjustnow?—Shesaidthatshe________ethisweekendbecauseofillness.A．can'tB．couldn'tC．won'tD．maynot解析：選B因?yàn)橹骶涫且话氵^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，那么賓語(yǔ)從句也要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。3．Iwonder________.Whichofthefollowingisnottherightchoice?A．whethershewillbefitforthejobornotB．whetherornotshewillbefitforthejobC．ifshewillbefitforthejobD．whatshewillbefitforthejob解析：選D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。其他選項(xiàng)都是由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。4．—IsMrWufromBeijing?—Idon'tknow________.A．wheredoesheefromB．fromwheredoesheeC．whichcityheesfromD．whatcityheesfrom解析：選C句意：“吳先生是從北京來(lái)的嗎？”“我不知道他是從哪個(gè)城市來(lái)的?！眞hich引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，由句意知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。5．Hesaidthathiscar________stolenandhe________havetotelephonethepolice.A．was;wouldB．hasbeen;willC．hadbeen;wouldD．hadbeen;will解析：選C“車子被盜”發(fā)生在“said”之前，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“報(bào)警”發(fā)生在“said”后，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。6．Motheraskedme________whenIdidn'tfeelverywell.A．whatwasthematterwithmeB．whatthematterwaswithmeC．whatmatterwaswithmeD．whatwasmatterwithme解析：選A根據(jù)本題句式，賓語(yǔ)從句是whatwasthematterwithsb./sth.？“某人/某物怎么啦/怎么回事？”在這個(gè)句型中what作主語(yǔ)，因此仍是陳述語(yǔ)序。7．Ourteachertoldusthattheearth________aroundthesunyesterday.A．goB．wentC．togoD．goes解析：選D直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若直接引語(yǔ)表示的是客觀真理，則間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。8．Heaskedme________IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A．thatifB．ifC．thatwhetherD．how解析：選B根據(jù)句意：“他問(wèn)我第二天是否坐飛機(jī)去北京”知應(yīng)用whether或if引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)。9．—Didhedecidetogoabroad?—Yes,hetoldmethathe________，andwasleavingsoon.A．hasdecidedB．woulddecideC．haddecidedD．decided解析：選C一般過(guò)去時(shí)在變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。10．Sheaskedherlittlebrother________telltheirmotheraboutit.A．don'tB．notC．didn'tD．notto解析：選D如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)常變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。asksb.nottodosth.“要求某人不要做某事”。Ⅱ.將下列直接引語(yǔ)改寫成間接引語(yǔ)1．Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→She_said_that_their_bus_would_arrive_in_five_minutes.2．Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John？”→He_asked_John_if_he_could_swim.3．“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike？”hesaid.→He_asked_me_whether_I_went_to_school_by_bus_or_by_bike.4．Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner？”→She_asked_me_when_they_had_their_dinner.5．“Don'tmakeanynoise，”shesaidtothechildren.→She_told/ordered_the_children_not_to_make_any_noise.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法與寫作(完成句子)1．我媽媽請(qǐng)我去幫她的忙。Mymotheraskedmeto_go_and_help_her.2．老師告訴我們地球是圓的。Theteachertoldusthat_the_earth_is_round.3．衛(wèi)兵問(wèn)我們?cè)谀抢镒鍪裁?。Theguardaskeduswhat_we_were_doingthere.4．她問(wèn)她媽媽是否可以和她一起去購(gòu)物。Sheaskedhermotherif_she_could_go_shopping_with_her.5．他要求我們不要站在那里不說(shuō)話。Hetoldusnot_to_standthereinsilence.6．他告訴我這本書他已看過(guò)三遍了。Hetoldmethathe_had_read_the_bookthreetimes.[對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(三)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Theboyaskedhismother________goouttoplaytabletennis.A．thathecouldB．ifhecouldC．ifcouldheD．whethercouldhe解析：選B一般疑問(wèn)句由直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序。2．AnewteacherofourschoolaskedmeifIhappenedtoknow________.A．wherewasourheadmaster'saddressB．inwhichplacewasourheadmaster'saddressC．whatourheadmaster'saddresswasD．theplaceourheadmaster'saddresswas解析：選C當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)前仍然用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)，注意從句必須用陳述語(yǔ)序。3．“Pleaseclosethewindow，”hesaidtome.→He________me________thewindow.A．saidto;tocloseB．toldto;closingC．a(chǎn)sked;tocloseD．saidto;pleaseclose解析：選C直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改成用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句型。動(dòng)詞用tell,ask,order等。本題直接引語(yǔ)中用了please，故動(dòng)詞用ask。正確答案為C項(xiàng)。4．—What'sthedoctor'ssuggestion?—Hetoldme________weightbygoingonadiet.A．notloseB．tonotloseC．don'tloseD．nottolose解析：選D祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把它變成不定式，而否定的祈使句則在不定式的前面加否定詞not，所以本題選D項(xiàng)。5．Motheraskedtheyoungestkid________withhistoycar.A．whatthematterwasB．whatmatterwasC．whatwasthematterD．whatwasmatter解析：選C賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。thematter意為“問(wèn)題，麻煩，故障”，whatwasthematter即為陳述句語(yǔ)序。6．—Whatdidshesaytoyou?—She________thatshehadmetmesomewherebefore.A．saidtomeB．toldmeC．saidmeD．toldtome解析：選B直接引語(yǔ)中用sayto時(shí)，改成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要換成tell。7．Theteachertoldus“Practice________perfect”．A．madeB．hasmadeC．makesD．wasmaking解析：選C直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀事實(shí)或真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不變。故選C。8．Teachersremendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn'tallowD．couldn'tallow解析：選A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。remend后跟賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，這里省略了should，故A項(xiàng)正確。9．Mr.Whiteaskedhisstudents________tomeetsomeChinesefriendsfromShanghai.A．ifweretheypleasedB．iftheyarepleasedC．ifaretheypleasedD．iftheywerepleased解析：選D直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般疑問(wèn)句用if引導(dǎo)，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序，根據(jù)asked可知用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。10．Heaskedme________thestorewasopenorclosed.A．whetherB．whichC．thatD．what解析：選A句意：他問(wèn)我商店是否關(guān)門了。whether...or...意為“是否”，符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅱ.閱讀理解Ifyoulovefinedining,DelhiisanexcellentplacetotastethebestofIndianfood.Youwon'tregrettryingthesefinediningrestaurants.BukharaBukharaisprobablythemostfamousrestaurantinIndia.It'sgotastringofawardstoitsname.There'splentyofhype(大肆宣傳)surroundingthisrestaurant.Aboveall,theUSpresidentsBillClintonandBarackObamahavedinedthere.Ph：(＋9111)26115588VarqTheMartabankaMeat,thecookedlamb,isoneoftherestaurant'spopulardishes.Thereareplentyofchoicesforvegetarians(素食者)aswell.Ifyou'relookingforafinefamilydiningexperience,headtoVarq,asyoungchildrenarenowwele.Ph：(＋9111)23026162DumPukhtThisrestaurantdeliversaroyaldiningexperience.Ithasa200-year-oldtechniqueofslowroastinginsealedpotsoveraverylowflame.Thisallowsthemeattocookinitsownjuices.Asyoucanimagine,it'sanon-vegetarian'sdelight.Ph：(＋9111)26112233DakshinItwillofferyousomeofthebestandmostunusualflavorsfromthesouth.You'llbepleasantlysurprisedtodiscoverquiteafewtraditionaldishesonthemenuthatareusuallynotfoundinthelocalrestaurants.Ph：(＋9111)42661122語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為應(yīng)用文，題材為新聞廣告類。在印度的德里你可以嘗到印度最好的食物，本文介紹了四家德里最有名的餐館。1．WhatmadeBukharamostfamous?A．Ithastheoldestwayofcooking.B．Itoffersthemosttraditionaldishes.C．Americanpresidentsonceatethere.D．Onecanenjoymorevegetablesthere.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Bukhara介紹中的“Aboveall,theUSpresidentsBillClintonandBarackObamahavedinedthere”可知，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)曾在該餐館就餐使得該餐館有名。2．Acouplewiththeirtwokidsareremendedtogoto________.A．BukharaB．VarqC．DumPukhtD．Dakshin解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Varq介紹中的“Ifyou'relookingforafinefamilydiningexperience,headtoVarq,asyoungchildrenarenowwele”可知，帶著孩子的話，建議去Varq。3．Tohavearoyaldiningexperience,youshouldcall________.A．(＋9111)26115588B．(＋9111)23026162C．(＋9111)26112233D．(＋9111)42661122解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由DumPukht介紹中的“Thisrestaurantdeliversaroyaldiningexperience”可知，想要體驗(yàn)皇室進(jìn)餐，應(yīng)該打(＋9111)26112233。Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀TalkingtofriendsonWeChat,WangChenchen'smoodchangesaccordingtoherfriends'replies.Longsentencesarealwaysheartwarmingandhappyemoticonsindicatetheotherperson'sgoodspirits.Butonewordreplieslike“OK”，“Oh”or“hehe”quicklykillthemood.Over-relianceononlinemunicationiscausingdivisionbetweenpeopleandsocialanxietyinthisdigitalera.Withsocialmediabringingpeopleclosertogetherthaneverbefore,anewsetofonlinelanguagenormsalsoappears.ConnectedorseparatedWangChenchen,20,anEnglishmajorattheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicssays,“ItendtojudgemyfriendsbythequalityandspeedwithwhichtheymentonmyupdatesonWeiboorWeChat.”ButtoChenJie,21,abiologicalengineeringmajoratHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wang'sevaluationsystemisproblematic.“Everyonehastheirlifestyleandacertainwayofusingsocialmedia，”saysChen,whoisalwaysbusyworkinginthelaboratoryandhardlyhastimeforsocialmedia.GeYan,aprofessorofmunicationatShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,sayssocialmediaiscausingfragmentation(碎片化)ofmunication.“Peopletendtojudgetheirsurroundingsbytheinformationavailable，”saysGe.“Theyalsoevaluatetheirfriendshipsandothers'lifestylesbasedonfragmentedpiecesofinformationwithwhichtheyconstructaso-calledreality.”NeedforemotionAccordingtoGe,suchsuperficialmunicationhelpsencouragemoreinteractionbetweenpeople,butintermsofbuildingsolidinterpersonalrelationshipsitcausesmoreharmthangood.AnonlinesurveyonSinaWeibolastmonthshows,