人教版八年級英語下冊《I'll help to clean up the city parks》SectionA 教學(xué)課件

SectionA1a-2dTolearntolistenforthespecificinformation.Toroleplaytheconversationin2dandlearnthekeywordsandphrasesinit.Objectives打掃（或清楚）干凈v.

歡呼；喝彩（使）變得更高興；（使）振奮起來分發(fā)；散發(fā)v.

義務(wù)做；自愿做n.

志愿者cleanup cheercheerupgiveoutvolunteer Wordsandexpressions想出；提出（主意、計劃、回答等）推遲comeupwithputoffn.

標(biāo)志；信號n.通知；通告；注意v.注意到；意識到sign notice分發(fā)handout

打電話給（某人）；

征召曾經(jīng)……；過去……adj.

孤獨的；寂寞的照顧；非常喜歡callupusedtolonely careforWarmingupFreetalkDoyouoftenhelpothers?

Tellussomethingaboutwhenandhowyouhelpedothers.Doyouwanttobeavolunteer?Howcouldwehelppeople?Theyhelptosendfoodtothepoorpeople.Lookatthepictures.Whatdotheydo?Theyhelptoexaminethehealthconditionoftheold.Theyhelptocuthairfortheold.Theyhelptocleantheyardsofthecommunity.Theyhelptokeepthebus-stopclean.Lookatthewaysyoucouldhelppeopleinthepicture.Thenlistotherways.1aOtherwaysyoucouldhelppeople________________________________________________________________________________________________Otherwaysyoucouldhelppeople:Helptheoldtogoacrosstheroad.Offeryourseattotheold,thechildren,orthewomanholdingababy.Maketheoldwhoarespendingtheirresthoursintheeldercommunitylaugh.Anyothers?Whatotherthingscouldyouhelppeople?Justthinkandfillinthechart.takepartinplantingtreesteachkidsinpoorareahelpprovidemoneyforthepoorstudentsbevolunteersinChina(Taiyuan)InternationalCoal&EnergyNewIndustryExposition_____Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup._____Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank._____Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids._____Theboycouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.Listenandnumberthewaystheboyandgirlcouldhelpothers.12341bPracticetheconversationinthepictureabove.Thenmakeotherconversationsusingtheinformationin1b.Pairwork1cIhopetoworkoutside.Youcouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbanktohelpfeedthem.I’dliketohelpkidswiththeirEnglish.I’dliketo

giveoutfoodtothepoorpeople.I’dliketoputupsigns/notices.I’dliketohandoutadvertisements.I’dliketo

giveahandinanoldpeople’shome！AgroupofstudentsareplanningaCityParkClean-UpDay.Listenandcheck(√)thethingstheyaregoingtodototellpeopleaboutit.√2a√√1.Weneedto______________aplantotellpeopleaboutthecityparkclean-up.2.Clean-upDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.Wecan’t________makingaplan.3.Wecould___________signs.4.Let’smakesomenotices,too.ThenI’ll_____them_______afterschool.5.Wecouldeach__________10studentsandaskthemtocome.putoff

putupoutcallupcomeupwithListenagain.Fillintheblanks.2bhandcomeupwithputoffputuphandoutwritedowncalluptowritesomethingonthepapertogivemanypeoplesomething,usuallyonthestreettothinkofsomeideastoaskmanypeopletodosomethingtomakesomethingdonelatertoputsth.onthewallDoyouknowtheirmeanings?A:WeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityParkClean-UpDay.B:Let’shavelunchfirst.A:No,weneedtostartnow.Clean-UpDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.Makeaconversationusingtheinformationin2aand2b.2cRole-playtheconversation.Helen:Hi,Tom.I’mmakingsomeplanstoworkinanoldpeople’shomethissummer.

Tom:Really?Ididthatlastsummer!Helen:Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith?

Tom:Mm…thingslikereadingthenewspapertotheoldpeople,orjusttalkingtothem.2dTheytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.Helen:Thatsoundsinteresting.

Tom:Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.Helen:You’reright.Imeanwe’reallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.Readtheconversationandanswerthequestions.1.Where’sHelengoingtoworkthissummer?2.DidTomvolunteerintheoldpeople’shome?She’sgoingtoworkinanoldpeople’shome.Yes.Hedidthatlastsummer.3.WhatdidTomdotohelptheoldpeople?4.WhydoTomandHelenthinkthattheyshouldlistentoandcarefortheoldpeople?Hereadthenewspaperandtalkedtotheoldpeople.Becausealotofoldpeoplearelonelyandallthepeopleareallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.Roleplaytheconversationin2dwithyourpartner.1.Weneedtocomeupwithaplanfor…我們必須想出一個計劃。need

是一個常見的動詞，表示“需要”之意。它既可以作實義動詞，也可以作情態(tài)動詞。其具體用法如下：Languagepointsneed用作實義動詞，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，可以接名詞、代詞、動名詞或帶to的動詞不定式作賓語，構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句時要借助于助動詞。如：這個人在工作時需要一本英語詞典。ThemanneedsanEnglishdictionarywhenheworks.你必需親自見他嗎？Doyouneedtoseehimyourself?need用作情態(tài)動詞，意為“必須”、“必要”，沒有人稱、數(shù)等變化，后接不帶to的動詞不定式。通常用于疑問句和否定句中，構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句時，不需要使用助動詞。你必須和你的同學(xué)去公園嗎？Needyougototheparkwithyourclassmate?他不必花掉這么多錢買這塊新手表。Heneedn’tspendmuchmoneyonthisnewwatch.【注意】由need引出的疑問句，答語表示肯定時用must或haveto；表示否定時用needn’t或don’thaveto。A:NeedIcometoworktomorrow?明天我需要來上班嗎?B:Yes,youmust/haveto.是的，你必須來。A:NeedIfinishtheworkatonce?

我需要馬上完成這項工作嗎？B:No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto．不，不必馬上完成。2....andcalledupallhisfriendsandtoldthemabouttheproblem.給他所有的朋友打電話告訴他們他的問題。callup

表示“給……打電話”，后面接指人的詞。這個男孩給你打電話只是為了聊天嗎？Didtheboycallyouupjustforachat?

“給……打電話”的常見說法還有:①give…acallTheyweregivingtheirteacheracallwhenIgotthere.當(dāng)我到那時，他們正在給他們的老師打電話。②ringupDidyouringupyourfatherlastweek?上周你給你的父親打電話了嗎？③give…aringDoyouknowwhogaveZhangHuaaringanhourago?你知道一小時前誰給張華打電話了嗎?④telephone/phone(to)…Willyoupleasetelephonetothepoliceman?請你給警察打個電話好嗎？⑤telephone/phone…up

TelephoneupmeassoonasyouarriveinShanghai.你一到上海就給我打電話?！咀⒁狻縞allup,ring

up和telephone/phone…up

等是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的詞組，如果它們的賓語是代詞，這個代詞用在副詞之前。請馬上給他打電話。Pleasecallhimupatonce,please!

王萍沒來，我現(xiàn)在想要給她打電話。WangPingisn’there.Iwanttophoneherupnow.3.Wecouldputupsigns.sign是名詞，用法如下：“標(biāo)牌，招牌”如：thesignofbarber’sshop“記號，符號”“示意動作”如：Theteachermadeasigntoustobequiet.“跡象，征兆”如：Aredskyatsunsetisasignofgoodweather.4.Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.could

是情態(tài)動詞can的過去式形式，表示過去的能力。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接動詞原形。變否定句在could后加not,變一般疑問句把could提前。這個男孩七歲時就會騎自行車。Theboycouldrideabikewhenhewasseven.【注意】在某些情況下，could并不表示過去，只是表示委婉、客氣的語氣。其肯定答語用：Sure./Certainly./Allright.等。否定答語用：Sorry./Sorry,Ican’t.等。

A:Couldyoutellmeifheisastudent?

你能告訴我他是不是學(xué)生嗎？

B:Sure.當(dāng)然可以。5.cleanup“（把……）打掃干凈”、“梳理整齊”。我們必須每天早上把操場打掃得干干凈凈。Wemustcleanuptheplaygroundeverymorning.【注意】如果在clean和up間加個連字符號，它就是名詞了，表示“掃除”。Youmustgiveyourclassroomagoodclean-up.你必須對教室進行徹底地打掃。

1.Youcould__________(分發(fā))foodatthefoodbanktohelpfeedthem.Iwantto_________(使變得更高興)mygrandparents.3.—Whatdoesyourfriendwanttodothissummerholiday?—Hewantsto___________(自愿做)inanorphanage(孤兒院).Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意及提示寫出單詞。giveoutcheerupvolunteerExercises1.湯姆貼了一些需求舊書的廣告。2.我們需要想出一個計劃來幫助無家可歸的孩子們。3.我希望讓生病的小孩振作起來。Tomputupsomesignsaskingforoldbooks.Weneedtocomeupwithaplantohelphomelesschildren.Ⅱ.漢譯英。Ihopetocheerupsickkids.4.你可以幫忙打掃城市公園。Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.5.我需要打個電話。6.他沒必要給莉莉買禮物。7.你會講英語嗎？Ineedtomakeaphonecall.Heneedn’tbuyLilyapresent.CouldyouspeakEnglish?—Bob,youhavetofinishyourschoolprojecttoday.—Don’tworry,mum.Iwon't_____today'sworktilltomorrow.A.putoffB.takeoffC.giveupD.setup中考鏈接推遲起飛；脫下建立句意為“鮑勃，你今天得完成學(xué)校的作業(yè)。別擔(dān)心，媽媽，我不會把今天的工作推遲到明天?！狈艞塃mmafelt_________whenherparentswereonbusinesstrips.A.sadlyB.angrilyC.unfortunatelyD.lonely中考鏈接傷心地生氣地孤獨的；寂寞的句意為“當(dāng)艾瑪父母出差的時候，她會感覺孤獨?！眆eel是系動詞，后面要跟形容詞。不舒服地Previewthepassagein3a.Searchmoreinformationaboutvolunteerorganizations.Collectmorewaysofhelpingpeople.Writethemdownandsharethemwithyourpartner.HomeworkSectionA3a-3cToreadandlearnwhatMarioandMaryvolunteertodo.TolearnMarioandMary’sopinionsaboutthevolunteerwork.Objectives1.打掃________2.分發(fā)________3.曾經(jīng)_______4.（使）變得更高興________5.義務(wù)做某事_________________6.大打掃日______________7.想出主意（辦法）____________usedtogiveoutcleanupvolunteertodosth.cheerupWritedownthephrases.comeupwithClean-UpDayRevisionseveralpron.

幾個；數(shù)個；一些WordsPreviewfeelingn.

感覺；感觸e.g.Hehadtolowerhisvoicetocontrolhisfeeling.他不得不壓低聲音來控制自己的感情。satisfactionn.

滿足；滿意e.g.Lookingatabeautifulpaintingalwaysgivesonesatisfaction.觀看一幅美麗的圖畫總會使人心滿意足。

satisfyv.+actionsatisfactione.g.It’sdifficulttodescribemyjoyinwords.難以用語言來描述我的快樂。joyn.

高興；愉快ownern.

物主；主人e.g.Hedecidedtogivethedogbacktotheowner.他決定將狗歸還它的主人。own(v.

擁有)+erownere.g.Athousand-milejourneybeginswiththefirststep.千里之行始于足下。journeyn.

旅行；行程1.Whatdoyouthinkaboutvolunteers?2.Whatkindsofworkcanvolunteersdo?3.Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourfreetime?Wouldyouliketovolunteertodoanythingforothers?FreetalkReadthearticle.WhatdoMarioandMaryvolunteertodo?3aStudentsWhoVolunteerMarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.Mariolovesanimalsandwantstobeananimaldoctor.HevolunteersatananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.“It’shardwork,”hesays,“butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.”Maryisabooklover.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.“Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.Volunteeringhereisadreamcometrueforme.IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.”Readthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.1.WhydoesMariovolunteertohelpothers?2.WhydoesMaryvolunteertohelpothers?3.WhatdoesMariosayaboutvolunteering?4.WhatdoesMarysayaboutvolunteering?3b1.WhydoesMariovolunteertohelpothers?Becausehebelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.2.WhydoesMaryvolunteertohelpothers?Becauseshecandowhatshelovestodoandhelpsothersatthesametime.Volunteeringisadreamcometrueforher.Hegetssuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenheseestheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.4.WhatdoesMarysayaboutvolunteering?3.WhatdoesMariosayaboutvolunteering?Name

WhathelovesdreamtobeWherehevolunteersHowoftenHowhefeelsMarioGreenanimalsananimaldoctorananimalhospitalgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionName

WhatshelovesWhenshebeganWhereshevolunteersHowoftenHowshefeelsMaryBrownreadinganafter-schoolreadingprogramadreamcometrueeverySaturdaymorninglastyearonceaweekReadthepassageandfillinthechart.Useinfinitivestocompletethesentencesbelow.1.Mariowouldlike_______ananimaldoctor.2.Marioworksforananimalhospitalbecausehewants________abouthow_______foranimals.tolearntobetocare3c3.Marydecided_____________forajobatanafter-schoolreadingprogramlastyear.Shestillworkstherenow_________kidslearntoread.4.Maryhasadreamjobbecauseshecandowhatsheloves_________.tohelptotryouttodoNowweseebeingavolunteerisgreat.Wouldyouliketobeavolunteer?Whatareyougoodat?Whatkindofvolunteerjobwouldyouliketodo?Pleaseplanavolunteerscheduleineachgroup.Groupwork1.MarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.HevolunteersatananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.以上兩句中的each和every是一對近義詞，但各自的側(cè)重點不同。

Languagepoints(1)從語義上看，兩者都可表示“每個”，“一

切的”。很多時候，兩詞可以互換使用，但

意思略有差別：each強調(diào)個性，著眼于整體中的個體。例如:Eachmanhashisownname.每個人都有自己的名字。Eachtimeyoupractice,yougetbetteratplayingtennis.每一次你進行網(wǎng)球練習(xí)，你都會打的更好。every強調(diào)共性，著眼于整體。例如:IgetsickeverytimeIeatseafood.每次我吃海鮮都會生病。Everyoneofyoumustattendthemeeting.你們每個人都必須參加會議。(2)從語法上看，each可用形容詞和代詞，而every只用作形容詞：Hegavetwotoeach(person).Each(school)hasitsownlibrary.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethattheoperationwillbeasuccess.every和each用于主語時，謂語均要求單數(shù)匹配:Eachstudentwasaskedthesamequestion.每個學(xué)生都被問了同樣的問題。Everychildwasdressedinacostume.所有的孩子都穿了演出服。3)兩種不可使用each的情況：切勿將each和almost,nearly及not搭配使用，應(yīng)用every:Almosteverycakewassold.幾乎所有的蛋糕都賣完了。Noteverystudentwentonholiday.并非每個學(xué)生都去度假了。切勿在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中使用each,應(yīng)用none:Noneofthebooksaremine.沒有一本書是我的。（不說：Eachofthebooksarenotmine.）2.…butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于如何照顧動物的事。howtocareforanimals是復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作介詞about賓語。相當(dāng)于：疑問詞+to不定式，構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。(howhecouldcareforanimals).【練習(xí)】他們不知道在哪里可以建新房。Theydon’tknowwheretheycanbuildthenewhouse.（同義轉(zhuǎn)換）=Theydon’tknowwheretobuildthenewhouse.3.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.當(dāng)我看到動物們逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)，看到它們主人臉上

喜悅的表情時，我產(chǎn)生出那么一種強烈的滿足感。此句中g(shù)et的兩次用法意義各不相同。第一個get的意思是“產(chǎn)生；形成”，為及物動詞，常與feeling，idea等詞搭配使用。例如：Doyougetthefeelingthatwe’renotwelcomehere?(翻譯)你有種這里不歡迎我們的感覺嗎？第二個get是系動詞，后接形容詞，表示體質(zhì)、情緒、天氣等方面的改變，通常譯作“變得；成為”。例如：Hegotangrywithmeafterthat.4.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.去年，她決定參加一個課外閱讀項目的志愿者選拔。句中tryoutfor是一個短語動詞，意為“報名參加選拔；申請參選（某項活動）為其中一員”。如：WhydidyoudecidetotryoutfortheOlympics?你為什么要報名參選奧運會？另有短語動詞tryout,意為“試驗；嘗試檢驗（某種方法或儀器設(shè)備的實用性或運作是否正常）”。例如：她喜歡嘗試各種新的辦法來做事情。(翻譯)Sheenjoystryingoutnewwaysofdoingthings.tohelpkidslearntoread不定式短語作目的狀語learntoread是help的賓語5.Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.

她仍舊在那里一周工作一次幫助孩子們閱讀。

6.Volunteeringhereisadreamcometrueforme.

在這里當(dāng)志愿者對我來說是夢想成真。此句中adreamcometrue表示“夢想成為現(xiàn)實；

夢想成真”，是一個常見的表達方式。例如：IgotthelatestCDplayerasabirthdaypresentyesterday.Itwasjustadreamcometrue.昨天我收到了一份生日禮物，是那種最新的光碟

播放機，真是夢想成真了！Volunteeringhere是動詞-ing形式短語做主語。例如：___________________isfunforme.踢足球?qū)ξ襾碚f很有趣。___________________

helpsustokeephealthy.騎車可以幫助我們保持健康。PlayingfootballRidingbicycle7.IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.我可以做我所喜歡的事情，同時還可以幫

助他人。從句whatIlovetodo在句子中作do的賓語?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Idon’tknow_____________(該做什么)next.YoucanaskMrZhang_____________（到哪里）togettheinformationyouneed.whattodowheretogogiveup

放棄animaldoctor

獸醫(yī)

handout

分發(fā)suchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction

如此強烈的一種滿足感l(wèi)ookofjoyonone’sface

某人臉上喜悅的表情attheageof...

在……歲時tryout

參加……選拔；試用Summarygoonadifferentjourney

進行一次不同的旅行adreamcometrue

夢想成為現(xiàn)實；夢想成真volunteertodosth.

自愿做某事raisemoneyforhomelesspeople

為無家可歸者募捐Ⅰ.根據(jù)語境及所給首字母提示，補全所缺單詞。1.Thisoldmanlikestravelingbuthecan’tstandtakingalong

j___________

bybus.2.Idon’tlikegoingout

a_________

afterdark.Socanyougowithme?

ourneylone

Exercises3.—Areyoutheo________

ofthecar?—Yes,it’smine.4.Wehavedifficultyin

r_________money.Canyougiveussomeideas?wneraisingⅡ.

根據(jù)句意，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空，每詞限用一次。satisfaction,several,strong,feeling,joy1.Don’ttrytogobacktoworkbeforeyouarephysically________enough.2.Itisagood________tobearrivinghomeagain.3.Jennywashappytoseeme.Shejumpedfor________.strongfeelingjoysatisfaction,several,strong,feeling,joy4.Wemustdotheworktothe_____________ofclients(客戶).5.Thereare________booksonthedesk.Whichonedoyouwant?satisfactionseveral中考鏈接—MyfamilyandIwilltraveltoQingdaonextweek.—

_________A.Wishyouahappyjourney!B.

Goodidea.C.

Seeyouthen.好主意。希望你們有個愉快的假期。到時候見。由上句“我和家人下周要去青島旅游?！笨芍戮湟８＜倨谟淇?。Reviewthepassagein3a.Searchmoreinformationaboutvolunteerorganizations.Makesentenceswiththesephrases.help(to)do,wanttodo,learntodo,decidetodo,howtodo,volunteertodoHomeworkSectionAGrammarFocus-4cTolearntheuseofinfinitives.Tolearntoexpressyourintentionstobeavolunteer.ObjectivesI’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.GrammarFocusMariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.動詞不定式

動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句中不能作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化?；拘问剑簍o＋動詞原形，有時to可以省略；否定形式：not＋動詞不定式。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此可以在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。一、作賓語

動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。例如：Iwanttotellyouastory.Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Don’tforgettolockthedoor.Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?二、作賓語補足語動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Pleaseletmehelpyou.但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞,其不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省略to的不定式作賓語補足語:

tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb.+todosth.

例如：Theteachertoldustocomeearlier.Hersuccessencouragedmetotrythesamething.Herparentswishhertobeateacher.2.省略“to”的不定式作賓語補足語：let/make/have+sb.+dosth.例如：Letthegirlleaveherenow.Theboymadethebabycry.see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb.+dosth.例如：Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.3.可省可不省的:helpsb.（to）dosth.例如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.三.作狀語:（1）作目的狀語。強調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用inorderto或soasto+動詞原形，soasto不用于句首。例如：Hestoppedtohavearest.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.（2）作結(jié)果狀語。例如：Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語。例如：I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.（1）動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.如：Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.

（2）省略to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not.如：Lettheboynotgo.動詞不定式的否定形式：1.Iwantto_______myplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.I’mtoobusywithmystudiesthisyear.2.Shehopesto________atleastfiveprimaryschoolstoaskiftheyneedvolunteersfortheirafter-schoolprograms.putuphandoutcallupcheerupcomeupwithgiveoutputoffputoffcallup4aFillintheblankswiththephrasalverbsinthebox.3.Ourclassistryingto______________someideasto__________sickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.4.Wedecidedto_________signsaroundtheschooland__________noticestotellstudentsaboutthebooksale.Wewill_________themoneyfromthesaletohomelesspeople.comeupwithcheerupputuphandoutgiveouthelpmovedomakevisitspendMostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobs_________lotsofmoney.Intheirfreetime,theythinkaboutwhat_______forfun.However,fewpeoplethinkaboutwhattheycando________others.Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.VolunteeringtodotohelptomakeFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.4bourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodway__________ourfreetime.Forexample,wecanmakeplans_________sickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Somepeopleevenstopdoingtheirjobsforafewmonthstoayear__________toanotherplace,likeoneofthecountriesinAfrica,andhelppeoplethere.tospendtovisittomoveCompletethesentenceswithyourownideas.Useinfinitives.I’dliketovolunteer____________________________________.At12:00midnight,Icalledmyfriend_______________________________________.atthefoodbanktohelpthepoortoplaybasketballontheplayground4c

3.I’mverybusybutIcouldhelp____________________________________.4.Summervacationiscoming,andIwant____________________________________.5.Iwanttotravelalone,butmyparentstoldme(not)___________________________________.tolookaftermylittlesister.togotothebeachwithmyfriendsnottodothatbecauseit’snotsafe1)I’dlike________homelesspeople.2)Shedecided__________foravolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.3)Youcouldaskhospitals______youvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.Ⅰ.填空。tohelptotryouttoletExercises4)Mariobelievesitcanhelphim________hisfuturedreamjob.5)Shevolunte