音樂(lè)常用的基本英語(yǔ)詞匯

音樂(lè)常用的基本英語(yǔ)詞匯1vibration振動(dòng)sound音tone音（樂(lè)音）musicaltone樂(lè)音noise噪音acoustics聲學(xué)psychoacoustics心理聲學(xué)frequency頻率intensity強(qiáng)度time時(shí)間waveform波形pitch音高loudness響度duration時(shí)值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)tuningfork音叉puretone純音complextone復(fù)音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音(aliquottone,harmonics,flageolettone即upperpartials)overtoneseries泛音列partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)step音級(jí)(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)變音記號(hào)sharp升號(hào)flat降號(hào)double-sharp重升號(hào)double-flat重降號(hào)nature還原號(hào)intonation音準(zhǔn)octave八度range音域(compass)(voice)register音區(qū)smallc小字組cgreatC大字組CcontraC大字二組Cunaccentedoctave小字組one-linedoctave小字一組(one-line)two-linedoctave小字二組(two-line)three-linedoctave小字三組(three-line)four-lineoctave小字四組(four-line)temperament樂(lè)律temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)justintonation純律pitchname音名enharmonicnotes等音(whole)tone全音half-tone半音naturalhalf-tone自然半音naturaltone自然全音chromatictone變化全音chromatichalf-tone變化半音notation記譜法staff樂(lè)譜trebleclef高音譜號(hào)bassclef低音譜號(hào)clef譜號(hào)(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote，美)minim二分音符(halfnote，美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote，美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote，美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote，美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote，美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote，美)dot附點(diǎn)doubledot復(fù)附點(diǎn)dottednote附點(diǎn)音符dottedrest附點(diǎn)休止符score總譜legerline(s)加線(ledgerline(s))head符頭stem符干hook符尾(tail)space間line線tie延音線pause延長(zhǎng)號(hào)(hold,fermata)bar小節(jié)(barline小節(jié)線,measure)legato連音，連奏staccato斷音，斷奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相對(duì)音高（聽(tīng)覺(jué)）absolutepitch絕對(duì)音高（聽(tīng)覺(jué)）sight-singing視唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音調(diào)唱名法lyra樂(lè)徽rhythm節(jié)奏rhythmicpattern節(jié)奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)單拍子compoundmeter(s)復(fù)拍子compoundduplemeter(s)復(fù)二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)復(fù)三拍子(9/4,9/8)compoundquadruplemeter(s)復(fù)四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍號(hào)multi-meter變化拍子irregularmeter（不規(guī)則）混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome節(jié)拍機(jī)(M.M.=Malzel's~)duplet二連音triplet三連音quadruplet四連音quintuplet五連音sextuplet六連音septuplet七連音tempo速度dynamics力度tempomark(s)速度標(biāo)記dynamicmark(s)力度標(biāo)記mode調(diào)式（狹指教會(huì)調(diào)式；廣指調(diào)式）scale音階key調(diào)tonality調(diào)性atonality無(wú)調(diào)性bitonality雙重調(diào)性polytonality多調(diào)性major大調(diào)minor小調(diào)keysignature調(diào)號(hào)pentatonic五聲的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和聲的whole-tone全音的chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scaledegree（調(diào)式）音級(jí)tonic(I)主音，主和弦supertonic(II)上主音，上主和弦mediant(III)中音，中音和弦subdominant(IV)下屬音，下屬和弦dominant(V)屬音，屬和弦submediant(VI)下中音，下中音和弦(super-dominant)leadingtone(VII)導(dǎo)音，導(dǎo)和弦(subtonic)brokenchord分解和弦alteredchord變和弦falsechord假和弦resolution解決relativekeys關(guān)系大小調(diào)parallelkeys同主音調(diào)interval音程melodicinterval旋律音程harmonicinterval和聲音程root根音（fundamental）scalestep音級(jí)（音級(jí)數(shù)：numberofscalestep）simpleinterval單音程compoundinterval復(fù)音程enharmonicintervals等音程inversion轉(zhuǎn)位（complement）minor?。ㄒ舫蹋﹎ajor大（音程）perfect完全，純（音程）augmented增（音程）diminished減（音程）double-augmented倍增（音程）double-diminished倍減（音程）unison同度，一度（prime）second二度third三度f(wàn)ourth四度f(wàn)ifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonicinterval自然（音程）chromaticinterval變化（音程）consonant協(xié)和（音程、和弦）dissonant不協(xié)和（音程、和弦）chord和弦triad三和弦majortriad大三和弦minortriad小三和弦diminishedtriad減三和弦augmentedtriad增三和弦rootposition原位firstinversion第一轉(zhuǎn)位secondinversion第二轉(zhuǎn)位thirdinversion第三轉(zhuǎn)位sixthchord六和弦sixth-fourchord四六和弦seventhchord七和弦dominantseventhchord屬七和弦diminishedseventhchord減七和弦ninthchord九和弦augmentedsixthchord增六和弦Added-sixthchord加六度和弦fourthchord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和聲學(xué)harmonicanalysis和聲分析functionalharmony功能和聲modulation轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)transposition移調(diào)chromaticscale半音階diatonicscale自然音階passingtone經(jīng)過(guò)音neighboringtone輔助音（auxiliarytone，upperorlower）anticipation先現(xiàn)音suspension延留音ornament（s）裝飾音trill顫音mordent波音（uppermordent）invertedmordent逆波音（lowermordent；早期稱Schneller）doublemordent復(fù)波音invertedturn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重復(fù)unity統(tǒng)一variety變化variation變奏themewithvariation主題與變奏comparison對(duì)比augmentation展開climax高潮sequence模進(jìn)melodicsequence旋律模進(jìn)harmonicsequence和聲模進(jìn)melodicprogression旋律進(jìn)行melodiccontour旋律輪廓motive動(dòng)機(jī)development發(fā)展thematicmaterial主題材料phrase樂(lè)句phrasing分句period樂(lè)段cadence終止perfectcadence完全終止imperfectcadence不完全終止halfcadence半終止authenticcadence正格終止plagalcadence變格終止interruptedcadence阻礙終止deceptivecadence偽終止musicalform曲式one-partform一段式，一部曲式binaryform二段式，二部曲式（AB）roundedbinaryform（有再現(xiàn)的）二段式ternaryform三段式，三部曲式（ABA）four-partform四段式five-partform五段式variationform變奏曲式（A，A1，A2，A3…）strophicform分節(jié)歌（a，a，a，a…）rondoform回旋曲式（ABACA）sonataform奏鳴曲式exposition呈示部development展開部recapitulation再現(xiàn)部rondosonataform回旋奏鳴曲式movement樂(lè)章prelude前奏（曲）interlude間奏（曲）coda尾聲trio三聲中部cadanza華彩樂(lè)段musicalform體裁reduction改編（縮編）trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌劇ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱團(tuán)choralmusic合唱音樂(lè)cantata康塔塔mass彌撒oratorio清唱?jiǎng)assion受難曲symphony交響曲concerto協(xié)奏曲sonata奏鳴曲sonatina小奏鳴曲band軍樂(lè)隊(duì)bandmusic軍樂(lè)etude練習(xí)曲march進(jìn)行曲jazz爵士樂(lè)overture序曲ballata敘事曲intermezzo間奏曲waltz圓舞曲，華爾茲allemande阿勒曼德courante庫(kù)朗特sarabande薩拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅茲tarantella塔蘭臺(tái)拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕薩卡利亞capriccio隨想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby搖籃曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral眾贊歌reguiem安魂曲symphonicpoem交響詩(shī)toccata托卡塔serenade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣敘調(diào)aria詠嘆調(diào)songswithoutword無(wú)詞歌invention創(chuàng)意曲scherzo諧謔曲mazurka瑪祖卡polka波爾卡foxtrot狐步舞blues布魯斯rumba倫巴disco迪斯科suite組曲fugue賦格instrumentalmusic器樂(lè)musicalinstrument樂(lè)器instrumentation樂(lè)器法orchestra管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)orchestration配器法conductor指揮concertmaster首席podium指揮臺(tái)woodwindinstruments木管樂(lè)器piccolo短笛flute長(zhǎng)笛oboe雙簧管clarinet單簧管（黑管）bassclarinet低音單簧管bassoon大管（巴松）contrabassoon低音大管Englishhorn英國(guó)管brasswindinstruments銅管樂(lè)器Frenchhorn圓號(hào)，法國(guó)號(hào)trumpet小號(hào)cornet短號(hào)trombone長(zhǎng)號(hào)tuba大號(hào)basstuba低音大號(hào)doublebasstuba倍低音大號(hào)tenortuba次中音大號(hào)bass低音號(hào)saxophone薩克斯管euphonium尤風(fēng)寧號(hào)percussion（s）打擊樂(lè)kettledrum定音鼓bassdrum大鼓tenordrum中鼓sidedrum小鼓triangle三角鐵chimes排鐘marimba瑪林巴tubularbells管鐘glockenspiel鐘琴vibraphone顫音琴castanets響板whip鞭響器rattle搖響器anvil樂(lè)砧tambourine鈴鼓tabor塔波鼓bongo邦戈鼓gong鑼templeblock木魚woodblock南梆子，盒梆cymbal鈸harp豎琴xylophone木琴piano鋼琴pedal踏板stringedinstruments弦樂(lè)器violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴doublebass低音提琴guitar吉他lute疏特琴harpsichord撥弦古鋼琴clavier（18世紀(jì)）鍵盤樂(lè)器organ風(fēng)琴pipeorgan管風(fēng)琴accordion手風(fēng)琴keyboard鍵盤（樂(lè)）vocalmusic聲樂(lè)belcanto美聲