高中英語必修5講義Module3Section3

[語法初識]原句感知自主探究1....butwhenIsuggestedthatwemightfindsomethingusefulontheboat,heagreedtogo.2．Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.3．Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.4．ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,wefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.5．Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.6．ButalthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltverycurious,soIputmyheadroundthedoor.1.句1和句2分別用了動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語。2．句3和句4分別用了動詞ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。3．句5中動詞ing形式作定語；句6中過去分詞作表語。4．句6中的黑體詞felt為連系動詞。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要有動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三類，它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞能作除謂語之外的其他句子成分。1．動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語(1)動詞不定式作賓語時(shí)，往往跟在某些及物動詞的后面。常見的此類動詞有：afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,manage,pretend,plan,refuse,hope,want,wish等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我從旁邊經(jīng)過時(shí)她假裝沒看見我。[巧學(xué)助記]決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意要求幫一幫。(2)跟動詞ing形式作賓語的動詞(短語)有：enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考慮),delay,putoff,giveup,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate,beusedto(習(xí)慣于),feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,can'thelp(情不自禁)等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。[巧學(xué)助記]堅(jiān)持練習(xí)不逃避，建議完成少延期。享受忍受不介意，避免否定與妒忌。思考冒險(xiǎn)想象力，承認(rèn)過錯原諒你。(3)動詞不定式或動詞ing形式作賓語時(shí)，如果其后跟賓語補(bǔ)足語，這時(shí)常用it作形式賓語，把不定式或動詞ing形式后置。Theteacherfounditdifficulttobanstudentsfromcarryingmobilephones.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)禁止學(xué)生帶很難。Weconsideritnousearguingwithher.我們認(rèn)為和她爭論是沒用的。(4)既接動詞不定式也接動詞ing形式的動詞①有些動詞接不定式和動詞ing形式時(shí)沒有很大區(qū)別，如continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate等。②有些動詞或動詞短語后面接不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語，意思卻完全不同?！猋oushouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—No,Idon'tregretquarrellingwithhim.——你應(yīng)該向你的兄弟道歉?！?，我不后悔與他吵架。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很遺憾地告訴你你被開除了。2．動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(1)跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：advise,allow,beg,tell,ask,order,persuade,cause,force,forbid,invite,request,want,warn等。Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends.她想讓他為她的朋友唱歌。(2)有些動詞，如make,let,have,see,watch,hear,notice等用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to。Ifeltsomebodyopenmydoor.我感覺有人開了我的門。(3)動詞ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是主動關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行或延續(xù)。IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。Thepeasantshadthetractorworkingdayandnightattheharvesttime.農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。[名師點(diǎn)津]感官動詞后跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生；跟動詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動作正在進(jìn)行。3．動詞ing形式和動詞ed形式作定語(1)動詞ing形式作定語與被修飾詞之間是主動或進(jìn)行關(guān)系；動詞ed形式作定語與被修飾詞之間是被動或完成關(guān)系。Thesleepingboyismyson.那個(gè)正睡覺的男孩是我兒子。Hewasthenateacherrespectedbyallhisstudents.當(dāng)時(shí)他是一位受他的所有學(xué)生尊敬的老師。(2)某些具有使動意義的動詞ed形式表示心理感受或心理狀態(tài)，常被譯作“感到……的”，而其ing形式常表示事物的性質(zhì)特征，常譯作“令人感到……的，令人……的”。afrightenedlook一個(gè)害怕的表情afrighteninglook一個(gè)令人害怕的表情4．動詞ing形式和動詞ed形式作表語動詞ing作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)；動詞ed作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或主語的感受。Theshoutwasfrighteningandtheboysfeltfrightened.那聲大喊令人害怕，那幫男孩害怕了。集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①Irememberbeing_taken(take)toThailandbymyparentswhenIwasachild.②Idon'tallowsmokinginmydrawingroomandIdon'tallowmyfamilyto_smokeatall.(smoke)③AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I'dappreciatehearing(hear)fromyounowandthentelling(tell)mehoweverythingisgoing.④—MightMarygowithmetothemovies,Mrs.Wilson?—I'msorry,butIdon'twantmydaughterto_be_taken(take)outatnight.⑤Ifounditimpossibleto_answer(answer)allthequestionswithinthegiven(give)time.⑥Shepreferredstaying(stay)athometogoing(go)tothecinema.⑦Theresultofthetalkwassatisfying(satisfy),sowehadabigdinnertogetherlastnight.⑧Thefrightened(frighten)boystartedcryingandlookedforhismothereverywhere.⑨Ifinallypersuadedmymotherto_give(give)memorefreedomonweekends.⑩Harrygotexcited(excite)whenheheardthenewsthathehadbeenchosentobeanexchangestudent.1－2.單句改錯?Thepolicemanwasastonishingtofindthedriverwasanineyearoldboy.astonishing→astonished?Janehopedmakinghermotherhappywithagift.making→to_make?Bobwasn'tallowedplayingvideogamesatweekends.playing→to_play?“I'lltreatyoutoabigdinnerifIwin.”hesaidinanexcitingvoice.exciting→excited?Weshouldthinkofawaytomakehimbeeinterestinginoureresting→interested?Don'tworry,Susan.I'llhavePetertohelpyouatonce.去掉to?Assheislookingforwardtohearfromme,pleaseremembertopostthisletteronyourwaytoschool.hear→hearing?Mr.Greenwarnedhissonnottodrivingafterdrinking.driving→drive?—Iusuallygotherebytrain.—Whynottrytogobyboatforachange？to_go→going?LiLeiisaskinghisbrother,anEnglishteacher,helpinghimthinkofaforeignname.helping→to_help語法點(diǎn)二連系動詞1．連系動詞本身有一定意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。常見的連系動詞有：(1)狀態(tài)系動詞：be,remain,keep,stay；(2)表示“看起來”的系動詞：seem,appear,look；(3)表示“……起來”的感官系動詞：feel,smell,sound,taste,look；(4)變化系動詞：bee,grow,turn,fall,get,go,e等。Whenshesawthis,sheturnedred.她看到這，臉紅了。Thecitylooksverybeautiful.那個(gè)城市看起來非常漂亮。Thewomanalmostwentmadwhensheheardtheterriblenews.當(dāng)聽說了那個(gè)糟糕的消息時(shí)，那名婦女幾乎要發(fā)瘋了。2．連系動詞后面除可跟形容詞外，也可接like,asif/asthough等短語或句型。Hesoundsasifhewerecryingwhilesheappearslikeahappygirl.他聽起來好像在哭，而她看起來像一個(gè)快樂的女孩。集中演練22－1.完成句子①Healwayskept_silentatthemeeting.他開會時(shí)總保持沉默。②Theseflowerssmell_very_sweet．這些花聞起來很香。③Theweatherhasturned_cold_and_windy．天氣變得寒冷多風(fēng)。④Itlooks_like_a_horseatfirst.一開始它看起來像一匹馬。2－2.翻譯句子⑤他在聽講座的時(shí)候睡著了。(fall)He_fell_asleep_while_he_was_listening_to_the_speech.⑥天看起來好像要下雨。(look)It_looks_as_if_it_is_going_to_rain.⑦那些橘子很好吃。(taste)Those_oranges_taste_good.⑧隨著年齡的增長，我們也變得聰明些了。(get)We_get_wiser_as_we_get_older.[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Yangshuois(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.解析：陽朔真的很漂亮。此處是客觀陳述，故應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由下句中的謂語動詞name使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可知道答案。2．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliving(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.解析：住在上海和香港的人們。由于people和動詞live之間是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)該使用living作定語修飾名詞people，相當(dāng)于定語從句wholiveinShanghaiandHongKong。3．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)built(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.解析：考查過去分詞作定語。builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest是過去分詞短語作定語修飾Theadobedwellings。build和被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系，且此動作已發(fā)生，所以用過去分詞。4．(2015·陜西高考)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentonto_thank(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎后，AnneBenedict繼續(xù)感謝在事業(yè)上幫過她的所有人。goondoingsth.“繼續(xù)做同一件事”，goontodosth.“繼續(xù)做另一件事”。AnneBenedict先是獲得了獎項(xiàng)，然后又表達(dá)的感謝，故不是同一件事。5．(2015·浙江高考)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeing_performed(perform)liveisquiteanother.解析：句意：在家聽音樂是一回事，去聽現(xiàn)場演奏又是另一回事。賓語it與perform之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動形式，beingperformed表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作。6．(2014·福建高考)Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected(connect)．解析：句意：對那些遠(yuǎn)離家庭成員的人來說，個(gè)人電腦和對保持聯(lián)系來說是重要的。stay是系動詞，人和聯(lián)系之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作表語。7．(2014·陜西高考)It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：今天非常熱。你想去游泳嗎？feellikedoingsth.“想做某事”。[針對演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．MyEnglishteacheradvisedmeto_listen(listen)totheVOAandBBCnewsinmyfreetime.2．Alicesuggestedtaking(take)aphototogetherwiththebeautifulflowers.3．Myfatherparticularlyenjoysplaying(play)chess.4．Thepuzzled(puzzle)expressiononhisfacesuggestedthathedidn'tunderstandwhatIhadsaid.5．Shewasbroughtupinabigfamily,soshehadbeenusedtosharing(share)whatshehadwithothers.6．Thepublicgotshocked(shock)whentheyheardthenewsthatmorethan3，000peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.7．Thebossexpectedmeto_take(take)hisplace,butIrefusedbecauseIdidn'thavemuchexperience.8．Whentheteachercaughthimcheating(cheat)intheexam,shestoppedhimatonce.9．Mr.Linagreedto_give(give)ussomehelpwhenwesetupourownpany.10．It'spleasing(please)tothinktheselovelychildrenaremystudents.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ourteacheroftenencourages_us_to_findourowndifferentwaystolearnwell.我們老師經(jīng)常鼓勵我們找到自己不同的方法學(xué)好知識。2．Headmit