形容詞與副詞的原級和比較級的用法及習(xí)題

形容詞與副詞的原級和比較級的用法及習(xí)題第一課時用來對名詞或某些代詞在性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)等方面加以修飾的詞。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容詞?在句中作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成分．e.g.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some-,any-,no-,every-構(gòu)成的不定代詞時,形容詞要放在這些不定代詞的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?作定語Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.常與感官系動詞連用：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go等Thecaketastesdelicious.作表語形容詞和賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Colouritgreen.有一些形容詞前+the后，具有名詞詞性。可以作主語或賓語。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.作主語和賓語有些形容詞只能作定語，有些形容詞只能作表語。sleeping定語asleepingboyasleep表語theboyisasleep.定語：sick,live,little等區(qū)別表語：ill,alive,alone等句子中的位置形容詞作定語時，分為前置定語和后置定語。

大部分形容詞可以做前置定語。anoldAmericanlady形容詞短語、介詞短語或不定式短語做后置定語。Theboyunderthetreeismybrother.形容詞按音節(jié)可分為：

多音節(jié)詞雙音節(jié)詞單音節(jié)詞形容詞級別可分為：

原級比較級最高級形容詞的級原級：即形容詞的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many比較級：兩個人或物之間的比較。smaller,better,taller,older,more最高級：三個或三個以上的人或物之間的比較。smallest,tallest,newest,best少數(shù)形容詞只有原形，沒有比較級和最高級。如right,wrong,woolen(羊毛制的)等。Thistreeisas____asthattree.Thegreenbagisas____asthered.Thispenisnotas____asthatpen.tallbiglong原級比較是說明兩個人物或事物的程度是一樣當(dāng)兩個人或兩件事物進(jìn)行比較時程度不一樣，就要用到形容詞比較級，也就是詞尾-er形式，比較級常常用than來連接被比較的兩個人或事物。e.g.Iamshorterthanyou.比較級比較是區(qū)分兩個人物或事物的程度不一樣

最高級一般用于三者（或三者以上）之間的比較?！白睢薄?/p>

Chinaisthelargestofthecountries.Johnisthetallestintheclass.

YaoMingisJordan.Jordanistall.YaoMingistaller.Jordan2.26m1.98mtallerthanZengZhiweiisshort.PanChangjiangisPanChangjiangisZengZhiwei.shorter.shorterthanLiuHuanisheavy.FeiMaoisFeiMaoisLiuHuan.80kg90kgheavier.heavierthanLinXinruisthin.LiuYifeiisLiuYifeiisLinXinru.45kg48kgthinner.thinnerthanmoreoutgoingLiYongisChenglong.ChengLongisoutgoing.LiYongismoreoutgoing.outgoingmoreoutgoingthanathleticChengLongismoreathletic

thanLiXiaopeng.LiXiaopengisathletic.ChengLongismoreathletic.moreathleticfunny,serious,smart,calm,wild,big,fat,outgoing,athletic,dirty,heavy,thin,tallsmaller

easierhottermoreinterestingsmarterfunnierheavierdirtierbiggerthinnerfattermoreoutgoingmoreseriousmoreathleticcalmerwildertaller找規(guī)律：形容詞的比較級和最高級構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成一、規(guī)則變化（一）

單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的變化規(guī)則

（1）一般在詞尾加-er,-est。

smart—smarter,smartesthigh—higher,highestsmall—smaller,smallest

tall—taller,tallest

long—longer,longest(2).以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，直接加-r,-st.

nice—nicer,nicestfine—finer,finest(3).以“輔音字母＋ｙ結(jié)尾的”，把ｙ變ｉ，再加-er,-est。early—earlier,earliesthappy—happier,happiesteasy—easier,easiestheavy—heavier,heaviestfunny—funnier,funniest(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，如果末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫這個字母，再加-er,-est.如“胖瘦大熱紅傷濕”等

fat—fatter,fattest thin—thinner,thinnestbig—bigger,biggest hot—hotter,hottestred—redder ,reddestsad—sadder,saddestwet—wetter,wettest(5)以–ow,-er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，加-er,-est.

clever—cleverer,cleverestnarrow—narrower,narrowest(二）多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞在原級前加more,most。popular--morepopular,mostpopulardifficult--moredifficult,mostdifficultbeautiful--morebeautiful,mostbeautifulinteresting—moreinteresting,

mostinteresting

slowly—moreslowly,mostslowly特例（1）由“動詞+后綴-ing/-ed”構(gòu)成的形容詞，在詞前加more,most.

interesting--moreinteresting,mostinterestingexciting--moreexciting,mostexcitingbored--morebored,mostboredrelaxed--morerelaxed,mostrelaxed詞尾變化原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er(比較級)或-est(最高級)以字母e接尾的詞加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞末尾只有一個輔音字母應(yīng)雙寫輔音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閕再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音節(jié)詞和多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est規(guī)則變化原級goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比較級最高級betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不規(guī)則變化巧記：特殊形式比較級共有三對二合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個一是老來二是遠(yuǎn)構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er/?/或-est/ist/coldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重讀閉音節(jié)詞只有一個輔音字母時，應(yīng)先雙寫輔音字母；再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改“y”為“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mosttiredmoretiredmosttiredeasilymoreeasilymosteasily單音節(jié)和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則。變化如下：(二)不規(guī)則變化部分不規(guī)則形容詞或副詞good/well----bettermany/much----morebad/badly/ill----worselittle----lessfar----farther/furtherold----older/elder巧記：（1）特殊形式比較級共有二對二合一外加一對三合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個一是老來二是遠(yuǎn)（2）二好，二多，三壞一少，一老，一遠(yuǎn)

old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→early→delicious→friendly→important→hungry→healthy→outgoing→good\well→little→older／elderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercoolerearliermoredeliciouslessbettermoreoutgoinghealthierhungriermoreimportantmorefriendly講述某人或某物自身情況時用原級?？梢孕揎椩壍脑~：very,too,so,more,quite,alot,alittle,enough,rather等基本句型

(1)主語+謂語+形容詞原級+….Heisveryoldnow.他現(xiàn)在很老了。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟Iamsohappy.我是如此的快樂。原級的用法表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型：

(2)主語(第一個人物)+謂語動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+第二個人物+….和…一樣

如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一樣興奮。Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多。Thegirlisasbrilliantasbeautiful.這個女孩的智慧和美麗一樣突出。表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型:

(3)主語(第一個人物)+謂語動詞(否定式)+as/so+形容詞+as和…不一樣，…不如…He

is

not

so

/

as

excited

as

his

younger

sister.他沒他妹妹那么興奮。They

didn’t

pick

so

/

as

many

apples

as

thefarmers

(did).

他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多。Tonyisn’tso/astallasTom.托尼和湯姆不一樣高。

講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時用比較級。可以修飾比較級的詞：alittle,abit,alot,much,far,even,still,rather等基本句型：

⑴A原級.B比較級.例：1）Bobistall.Mikeistaller.2）Thiscakeisdelicious.Thatcakeismoredelicious.比較級的用法

⑶Who/Which+is+比較級…,AorB?例：1）Whoistaller,MikeorBob?2）Whichofthemistaller,MikeorBob?

說明：此句型中的or不可改為and。⑵B+謂語+比較級+than+A例：1）MikeistallerthanBob(is).2）Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.注意：theone代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)theones或those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)that代替不可數(shù)名詞

⑷moreandmore句型即“比較級+and+（同一個）比較級”句型。此句型表示“越來越……”。多音節(jié)比較級用“moreand

more＋形容詞原級”形式。例：1）Ourlifeisbetterandbetter.

2）Youlookmoreandmorebeautiful.⑸Themore…,themore…句型具體結(jié)構(gòu)：The+比較級+一個句子，the+另一比較級+一個句子。表示“越……越……“。例：Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.

⑹兩者范圍內(nèi)的比較具體結(jié)構(gòu)：The+比較級+of+thetwo/twins/parents。表示“兩者之間最…一個。例：1).Mayisthetallerofthetwins.2).Heisthebraverofthetwoboys.

使用形容詞比較級時需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1)than后面接代詞時,一般要用主格形式，但在口語中也可使用賓格形式。如：MybrotheristallerthanI/me.2)當(dāng)需要表示一方超過另一方的程度時，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,still等來修飾形容詞比較級。注意:比較級不能用very,so,too,quite等修飾。如：Heismuchmoreseriousthan

Sam.3)形容詞比較級后面往往用連詞than連接另一個比較的人或事物,但在上下文明確的情況下,形容詞比較級可單獨(dú)使用。如：Mysisteristall,butmyauntistaller.我姐姐個子高,但我姑姑個子更高。4)進(jìn)行比較的人和物必須是同一類。

Mybooksaremorethanyours.

Ihavemorebooksthanyou.

講述三者或三者以上的差異,一個人物是其中之最用最高級。最高級前必須加the.可以修飾最高級的詞：byfar,much,really,very,almost等基本句型：

⑴A+系+the+最高級+(名詞)+表示范圍短語（in,among,of…)例：1）Heistheyoungestinhisfamily.2）Lucyisthemostcarefulamongus.最高級的用法

⑶Who/Which+is+最高級…,A，BorC?例：1）Whichcountryisthemostfascinating,China,AmericaorFrance?2）Whichistheshortest,Mike,JohnorBob?

說明：此句型中的or不可改為and。⑵…oneofthe+最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)例：1）JackieChenisoneofthemostpopularstars.2）LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.⑷比較級表達(dá)最高級含義句型：

the+最高級+名詞+范圍=比較級+than+anyother+名詞單數(shù)theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)anyoftheother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)therestof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)alltheother+名詞單數(shù)theothersanyofothersanyone/anythingelse第二課時表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞。用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。e.g.什么叫副詞?very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.一、副詞的用法

1.作狀語（1）副詞主要在句中作狀語，用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等。

A、修飾動詞

He

works

hard.

B、修飾形容詞

She

is

a

very

beautiful

girl

.

C、修飾另一個副詞

She

speaks

English

quite

well.

D、修飾介詞短語

The

hospital

is

just

around

the

corner.

(2)作表語

:放在系動詞后

He

will

be

back

in

a

day

or

two.(3)作定語

：一般放在被修飾的名詞之后

This

book

here

is

the

most

useful.

（4）作復(fù)合賓語：放在及物動詞后Isawyououtwithmyfriendtheotherday.二、副詞的分類名稱例詞在句子中的位置時間副詞today,early,soon,now,then,recently，still時間副詞，尤其是表示具體時間的副詞，一般放在句首或句尾。例如：①Hewillbebacktomorrow.他明天將回來。②Yesterdayweallwenttothepark.昨天我們都去公園了。名稱例詞在句子中的位置地點(diǎn)副詞表示地點(diǎn)的副詞：somewhere,here，there，downstairs地點(diǎn)副詞常置于句尾，有時可置于句首，一般不置于句中。幾個地點(diǎn)狀語連用時，大地方放在最后。例如：①Thechildrenareplayingdownstairs.孩子們正在樓下玩。②HerepeoplearepracticingspeakingEnglish.人們在這兒練習(xí)說英語。③Pleasegostraightdownthestreet.請沿著這條街一直往前走。表示方向的副詞：off,down,up,out名稱例詞在句子中的位置程度副詞verymuch,enough,quite,almost,rather常放在被修飾的動詞、形容詞或其他副詞前面，但當(dāng)very修飾動詞時，常與much連用并置于句末。例如：Tomisoldenoughtogotoschool.湯姆已經(jīng)足夠大可以去上學(xué)了。疑問副詞how,when,where,why主要用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，放在句首。例如：①Whereareyougoingforvacation?你打算去哪里度假？②Whywereyoulateforourmeetinglastnight?昨晚我們開會你為什么遲到了？三、副詞的比較等級1.用于兩者不同級的比較?！案痹~比較級+than”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示比對方強(qiáng)。例如：MikeworksmorecarefullythanJack.

邁克工作比杰克細(xì)心。2.. “（not）as/so+副詞原級+as”。這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示兩者相似或前者不如后者。例如：Youdon’tgetupso/asearlyasI.

你沒我起得早。

3.最高級用于三者或三者以上的比較，最高級前可加也可不加定冠詞the.例如：

Ofallthestudentsinourclass,shewrites(the)mostbeautifully.

在我們?nèi)嗤瑢W(xué)中，她書寫得最漂亮。old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→olderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercooler1.I’mtallbutmysisteris________(short).2.Mymotherhaslonghair,andmysisterhas________(long)hair.3.Thislittlebabyis_________________(outgoing)thanthatone.shorterlongermoreoutgoing

4.Insomewayswelookthesame,insomewayswelook____________(不同).5.Annisavery____________(安靜的)girl,shehardlymakesnoise.differentquiet練習(xí)：用所給形容詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Herhairis______(long)thanmine.②Whois______(short),TomorJack?③Lilyis________(quiet)thanhersister.④Tina,pleasecometoschoolalittle______(early)nexttime.longershorterquieterearlier⑤The______(hard)youstudy,the_____(good)gradesyou’llget.⑥Itbecomes_____and_____(hot)whensummercomes.harderbetterhotterhotter練習(xí)：單項選擇。1.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea__________one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller2.—DoyouthinkMarchis__________thanJanuary?—Yes,it’s__________warmer.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quite

3.Herbagisnewerthan__________.A.mine B.my C.me D.I4.TheweatherinNorthChinaiscolderthan__________inSouthChina.A.\B.this C.theoneD.that5.Whichoneis__________,thisoneorthatone?A.goodB.bad C.best D.better

6.Ithinkyourroomis__________bigger.A.alot B.alotof C.lotsof D.more

6.Lucyisveryshort,butsheis___thanhersister.A.shorter B.longer C.tallerD.older7.Frankis____friendlythanhisbrother.A.alittlemore B.afewmore C.much D.alittle8.Samis____atChinesethanJim.A.good B.well C.better D.gooderCAC9.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea_____one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller10.DoyouthinkMarchis____thanJanuary?Yes,it’s__warmer.A.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quiteDAPractice:(1)Iamalittle__________thanyou.(tall)(2)Tomis_________thanJack.(cool)(3)Thisgirlis________thanthat.(nice)(4)Thisquestionis_________thanthatone.(easy)(5)Mypocketmoneyismuch__________thanyours.(much)(6)Shestudieseven__________thanbefore.(hard)(7)Hefeelsalot___________thanyesterday.(good)(8)Mybrotheris__________thanme.(old)(9)Mycountrywillbecome___________.(beautiful)(10)Lilyis_________thanherclassmates.(thin)tallercooler(11)Ithinktodayis__________thanyesterday.(tired)nicereasiermoreharderbettereldermorebeautifulthinnermoretired注1可修飾比較級的詞有alittle、much、even、alot等！注2tired的比較級與最高級特殊在前加more、most(12)Heisthe________inhisclass.(tall)(13)Mingismy_______friend.(good)(14)Todayisthe__________dayinthismonth.(hot)(15)Mr.Wangisthe__________teacher.(popular)(16)IthinkIamthe_________peopleintheworld.(happy)tallestbesthottestmostpopularhappiest注：最高級前往往加theAdvantage:_____heworks,______heis.ABusy,happyBBusier,happierCThebusier,thehappierDThebusy,thehappyC語法掌握：“The+比較級，the+比較級”意思：越……就越……1.Theboybecomes_____________.AmoreandmorecoolerBcoolandcoolCcoolerandcoolerDmorecoolerandmorecooler

C2.Thegirlbecomes____________.AmoreandmorebeautifulBmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulCbeautifulandbeautifulDbeautifulerandbeautifuler

B語法掌握：“比較級and比較級”意思：越來越……1.______Ieat,_______Iam.AMore,fatterBThemore,thefatterCMuch,fatDThemuch,thefat

B2.Ourcountryisbecoming_________AbetterandbetterBmoreandmoregoodCbestandbestDgoodandgood

AChoosethebestanswer:1.It’sgetting_______.A.warmandwarmerB.warmerandwarmerC.morewarmer2.–Whichonedoyoulikebetter?--The___one.A.moreniceB.bigerC.cheaper3.Ourcountryisbecoming_____.A.muchandmuchbeautifulB.manyandmanybeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful

BCC4.TomspeaksChinese___betterthanwe.A.littleB.alotofC.much5.Ofthetenbooks,Ilikethisone___.A.veryB.betterC.best6.The____wegettogether,the____we’llbe.A.more;happierB.many;happierC.more;happy7.Geographyisn’t___thanhistory,butit’sas___ashistory.A.difficult;importantB.moredifficult;importantC.difficult;moreimportantCCAB8.Myteacherhelpsusas____asshecan.A.manyB.muchC.more9.Whichoneis___,thewatch,thebikeortheTVset?A.moreexpensiveB.mostexpensiveC.themostexpensive10.Basketballis____thanping-pongball.A.moreinterestingB.muchinterestingC.veryinterestingBCA1.Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumped____inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed______A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiestCCPracticeA4.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven____inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond______islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis____thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavierDCD7.Ahorseis______thanadog.