人教版高中英語選修7課件unit2robotsGrammar

人教課標(biāo)高二選修7Unit2不定式由“to+do(動(dòng)詞原形)”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“nottodo”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作______,_____,_____,_____,_____,_____或_________。不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有_____和_____的變化。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)共四種，即一般式、完成式、進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式。語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如下表所示。形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone1.It’sanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.4.Therearealotofthingstobediscussed.5.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.作主語作賓語作表語作定語作狀語不定式的被動(dòng)式在句中作什么成分Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.

他受到批評(píng)是件好事。Shepreferredtohavebeengivenmoreimportantworktodo.

她寧愿分給她的是更重要的工作。Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

她是第一位當(dāng)選這個(gè)位置的婦女。Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.

這事多半還沒有通知他。Translation!Attention!在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)含義，用的卻是主動(dòng)形式。1.如果不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語出現(xiàn)在句中，且為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter

(post)?

tobeposted2.如果不定式動(dòng)作與主語沒有主謂關(guān)系，或是沒有名詞或代詞可作不定式的邏輯主語時(shí)，則需要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.Thebookishardtounderstand.Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof/tobetakencareof.Thehouseistolet.Whoistoblameforit?Thereasonisnotfartoseek.3.在“s.+be+adj.+to””結(jié)構(gòu)中，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。4.在therebe句型中，可以是主動(dòng)式也可以是被動(dòng)式。5.一些做表語的不定式常用主動(dòng)形式，如let，hire，blame，seek等。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenough

tolivein.6.在“too...to...;enough...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中1.Thedishesneed____________.tobewashedwashPractice2.Themailisintended__________.sendtobesent4.Thehouseis _________.selltobesold3.Thewallisexpected_____________.tobepaintedpainttobeunderstoodtobelaughedat4.Thesearetheissues______________(discuss)tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________(test)outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________(envy)byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussed我們不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰的時(shí)候,或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Printing

wasintroduced

toEuropefromChina.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything

hasbeentaken

away.1.Myhamburgerwaseatenbythedog.2.Thetoyismadebyhand.3.HewillbesenttoAfricanextweek.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：____________________Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

Iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday.ThebooksarewrittenbyLuXun.am/is/are＋donewas/were＋donewill/shallbe＋done過去將來時(shí)：_____________________Thenews

wouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.wouldbe＋given過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：________________________Thefeast

wasbeingprepared

whenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：________________________Greatprogress

hasalsobeenmade

incultureandeducation.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：________________________

Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.am/is/arebeing＋donewas/werebeing＋donehave/hasbeen＋done過去完成時(shí)：_________________

Thehugebridge

hadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.將來完成時(shí)：__________________________Thebook

willhavebeenpublished

bytheendofnextmonth.hadbeen＋donewill/shallhavebeen＋done含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)：_____________________情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+doneThisproblem

canbesolved.What’sdone

cannotbeundone.

1.某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞及少數(shù)其他的動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。

cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write1)Thedish

tastes

delicious.

2)Thetheory

proved

rightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatit

sellswell.sells此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來;有銷路”的意思；作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣;出售”。Thiskindofcloth

washeswell.(耐洗)

need+v.-ing表示“主語承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”，表示被動(dòng)意義。

我的車需要修理。

Mycarneedsrepairing.

(=toberepaired).ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycost

metendollars.3.某些表示狀態(tài)或者特征的及物動(dòng)詞沒有 被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：如：戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)了。Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokeout.4.通常只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語 態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有。

“be＋過去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)并不都是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)主要區(qū)別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，試比較下面的句子：Theenemy

wassoonsurrounded

byus.Thehouse

issurrounded

bytrees.She

wasbitten

bythedoginthedarkness.Iwasexcited

bythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybikewill__________bymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallethas___________.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.I_________towaithereforher.berepairedbeenfoundwastoldPractice4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurely___________bythepolice.5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.Mr.Green__________tomakeaspeech.6.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’t________outofthereading-room.bearrestedwasinvitedbetaken1.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_____allovertheworld.haveproduced B.havebeenproducedC.areproducing D.arebeingproduced考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)態(tài)中的應(yīng)用2.Experimentsofthiskind______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.haveconducted B.havebeenconductedC.hadconducted D.hadbeenconducted【點(diǎn)撥】1.答案為B。時(shí)間狀語Inthelastfewyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；films與produce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2.