大腦結(jié)構(gòu)解剖圖

TheTelencephalon

第一頁，共四十頁。ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior第二頁，共四十頁。Threeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央溝(Gou)Lateralsulcus外側(cè)溝Parietooccipitalsulcus頂枕溝CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus第三頁，共四十頁。

Fivelobes

Frontallobe額葉(Ye)Parietallobe頂葉Temporallobe顳葉Occipitallobe枕葉Insularlobe島葉FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe第四頁，共四十頁。SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央(Yang)前溝Superiorfrontalsulcus額上溝Inferiorfrontalsulcus額下溝Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus額上回Middlefrontalgyrus額中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus額下回第五頁，共四十頁。SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

第六頁，共四十頁。Parietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央(Yang)后溝

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus頂內(nèi)溝

Superiorparietallobule頂上小葉

Inferiorparietallobule頂下小葉

Supramarginalgyrus緣上回

Angulargyrus角回第七頁，共四十頁。SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus第八頁，共四十頁。Temporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus顳上溝Inferiortemporalsulcus顳下溝Superiortemporalgyrus顳上回

Middletemporalgyrus顳中(Zhong)回

Inferiortemporalgyrus顳下回

Transversetemporalgyri顳橫回第九頁，共四十頁。SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

第十頁，共四十頁。Transversetemporalgyri第十一頁，共四十頁。SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

第十二頁，共四十頁。Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝(Zhi)體

Callosalsulcus胼胝體溝

Cingulatesulcus扣帶溝Cingulategyrus扣帶回Marginalramus緣支Paracentrallobule中央旁小葉Calcarinesulcus距狀溝Cuneus楔葉

Lingualgyrus舌回第十三頁，共四十頁。Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus第十四頁，共四十頁。Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿質(zhì)

Collateralsulcus側(cè)副溝

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕顳溝

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳內(nèi)側(cè)回(Hui)

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕顳外側(cè)回

Hippocampalsulcus海馬溝

Parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回Uncus鉤

Hippocampus海馬Dentategyrus齒狀回

Hippocampalformation

海馬結(jié)構(gòu)第十五頁，共四十頁。InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

第十六頁，共四十頁。HippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

第十七頁，共四十頁。HistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex

原皮(Pi)質(zhì)

(hippocampalformation海馬結(jié)構(gòu))

Paleocortex

古皮質(zhì)(rhinencephalon嗅腦)Neocortex

新皮質(zhì)(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayers第十八頁，共四十頁。第十九頁，共四十頁。Functionallocationofcerebralcortex第二十頁，共四十頁。Firstsomaticmotorarea第一軀體(Ti)運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule第二十一頁，共四十頁。Firstsomaticmotorarea第一(Yi)軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements第二十二頁，共四十頁。Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一(Yi)軀體感覺區(qū)Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule第二十三頁，共四十頁。Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一軀體感覺(Jue)區(qū)CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody第二十四頁，共四十頁。Auditoryarea聽(Ting)區(qū)LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears第二十五頁，共四十頁。Visualarea視(Shi)區(qū)LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections第二十六頁，共四十頁。Vestibulararea平衡覺區(qū):locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅(Xiu)覺區(qū):locatedneartheuncusTastearea味覺區(qū):locatedatfrontaloperculum第二十七頁，共四十頁。Languagearea語(Yu)言中樞Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

運(yùn)動(dòng)性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

書寫中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

聽覺性語言中樞LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

視覺性語言中樞LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia第二十八頁，共四十頁。Lateralventricle

側(cè)(Ce)腦室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures第二十九頁，共四十頁。Communicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle第三十頁，共四十頁。Basalnuclei基(Ji)底核Corpusstriatum紋狀體Lentiformnucleus豆?fàn)詈?/p>

Caudatenucleus尾狀核Claustrum屏狀核Amygdaloidbody杏仁體Globuspallidus蒼白球putamen殼Neostriatum新紋狀體－paleostriatum舊紋狀體第三十一頁，共四十頁。第三十二頁，共四十頁。WhitematterAssociationfibers

聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大腦弓狀纖維Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上縱束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下(Xia)縱束Uncinatefasciculus鉤束Cingulum扣帶第三十三頁，共四十頁。Commissuralfibers連合纖維－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝體(Ti):rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前連合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆連合第三十四頁，共四十頁。Projectionfibers投射纖(Xian)維:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus第三十五頁，共四十頁。第三十六頁，共四十頁。ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)(Nei)囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule內(nèi)囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

內(nèi)囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontinetract,acousticradiationandopticradiation第三十七頁，共四十頁。AnteriorthalamicradiationFrontopontinetractLentiformnucleusCortic